基于拉格朗日拟序结构的吕宋海峡表层水交换研究

黑潮通过吕宋海峡入侵南海呈现明显的瞬态特征。以往的研究通常将黑潮在吕宋海峡附近的流态分为几种不同类型。本文基于表层地转流计算得到的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数场（FTLE）,展示了拉格朗日视角下的吕宋海峡上层水交换特征。从FTLE场提取的拉格朗日拟序结构（LCSs）很好地识别了吕宋海峡附近的典型流态和旋涡活动。此外,这些LCSs还揭示了吕宋海峡周围复杂的输运路径和流体域,这些特征得到了卫星跟踪浮标轨迹的验证,且从流速场中是无法直接识别的。FTLE场显示,吕宋海峡附近表层水体的输运形态主要可分为四类。其中,黑潮直接向北流动的“跨越”形态和顺时针旋转的“流套”形态的发生频次明显高于直接进入南海的黑潮分支“渗入”形态和南海水流出至太平洋的“外流”形态。本文还进一步分析了黑潮在吕宋海峡处的涡旋脱落事件,突出强调了LCSs在评估涡旋输运方面的重要性。反气旋涡旋的脱落个例表明,这些涡旋主要源自黑潮“流套”,涡旋脱落之前可有效地俘获黑潮水。LCS所指示的输运通道信息有助于预测最终被反气旋涡所挟卷水体在上游的位置。而在气旋涡的形成过程中,LCS的分布特征表明,大部分气旋涡并未与黑潮水的输运路径相连通。因此,气旋涡对从太平洋到南海的上层水交换的贡献较小。     

基于北斗短报文的震源船跟踪系统设计与实现

通过在震源船上部署3套GPS接收机,并对3个点的位置信息进行汇总和压缩,利用北斗短报文将压缩后的位置信息推送到陆海联测指挥部,实现对震源船航速、航向的实时监控.根据3个点位信息计算的实时震源船航向,有助于准确把握震源船在进行固定点悬停激发时的航向,克服了以往使用前后两个时刻推算的平均航向代替实时航向等问题.使用我国自主知识产权的北斗短报文进行通讯,大大提高了系统的安全性、可靠性和稳定性;同时陆海联测指挥部可以实时查看震源船是否按事先设定的测线、事先设定的速度和航向进行作业,有效保障了监控平台对震源船的监控,进一步提升安全生产的风险控制能力.     

GPS静态精密单点定位算法精度分析

采用精密轨道和钟差,利用Bernese软件解算得到亚洲地区13个IGS跟踪站的站坐标、对流层ZTD和接收机钟差,将解算的结果与CODE发布的结果对比发现：静态PPP算法解算的N方向收敛精度明显优于E方向和U方向,4~6 h后,坐标偏差在1 cm左右;NEU RMS均值分别为0.45、0.29、0.69 cm,ZTD RMS均值为0.85 cm,接收机钟差RMS均值为0.14 ns。试验表明：精密单点定位算法具有较高的精度和可靠性,可为实际工程测量及相关地球物理信号研究提供理论依据。     

Detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters in origin-destination flows using ant colony optimization

An origin-destination (OD) flow can be defined as the movement of objects between two locations. These movements must be determined for a range of purposes, and strong interactions can be visually represented via clustering of OD flows. Identification of such clusters may be useful in urban planning, traffic planning and logistics management research. However, few methods can identify arbitrarily shaped flow clusters. Here, we present a spatial scan statistical approach based on ant colony optimization (ACO) for detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters of OD flows (AntScan_flow). In this study, an OD flow cluster is defined as a regional pair with significant log likelihood ratio (LLR), and the ACO is employed to detect the clusters with maximum LLRs in the search space. Simulation experiments based on AntScan_flow and SaTScan_flow show that AntScan_flow yields better performance based on accuracy but requires a large computational demand. Finally, a case study of the morning commuting flows of Beijing residents was conducted. The AntScan_flow results show that the regions associated with moderate- and long-distance commuting OD flow clusters are highly consistent with subway lines and highways in the city. Additionally, the regions of short-distance commuting OD flow clusters are more likely to exhibit ‘residential-area to work-area’ patterns.     

Robust adaptive unscented Kalman filter for bearings-only tracking in three dimensional case

This paper proposes an improved version of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), namely Robust Adaptive UKF (RAUKF), with a special focus on Bearings-Only Target Tracking for three-dimensional case (3DBOT). The automatic tuning of the noise covariance matrices and the robust estimation of the target states form a critical point for the performance of the Kalman-type filtering algorithms, especially in the variable environmental conditions exposed in underwater. The key idea of the proposed filter is to combine robust aspects of UKF and adaption of the process and measurement noise covariance matrices with low computational complexity. The main contribution of this paper is to adjust these matrices by means of the steepest descent algorithm, and the H_∞ technique is embedded to achieve superior performance in terms of accuracy and robustness against initial conditions and model uncertainties. Different experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in the 3DBOT problem with a single moving observer. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed filter produce more accurate results with satisfactory computational burden in comparison with other methods.     

Estimating surface ice velocity on Chhota Shigri glacier from satellite data using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique

Information about the surface ice velocity is one of the important parameters for Mass balance and Glacier dynamics. This study estimates the surface ice velocity of Chhota Shigri glacier using Landsat (TM/ETM+) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) temporal data-sets from a period of 2009 to 2016 and 2006 to 2007, respectively. A correlation based Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been used for the estimation of surface ice velocity. This technique uses multiple window sizes in the same data-set. Four window sizes (low, medium, high, very high) are used for each image pair. Estimated results have been compared with the published data. The outcomes attained from the medium window size closely matches with the published results. The estimated mean surface ice velocities of medium window size are 24 and 28.5 myr^?1 for 2009/2010 and 2006/2007 images pair. Highest velocity is observed in middle part of the glacier while lowest in the accumulation zone of the glacier.     

提高对流层天顶总延迟解算精度的新方法探讨

对流层天顶总延迟的解算精度,直接影响长基线解算的精度和大气水汽含量的计算精度。文中提出克利金内插法解算天顶总延迟的新方法,并利用南极长城站和周边IGS跟踪站的GPS数据,通过高精度解算软件GAMIT/GLOBK,解算出长城站上空的对流层天顶总延迟,将其与利用内插方法解算的天顶总延迟进行了对比分析,得出:利用该内插方法获取的南极长城站在夏季的天顶总延迟的均方差可达0.2mm,这对今后GPS高精度定位和GPS气象学应用来说,具有重要意义。     

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带乘性噪声的一类非线性系统的滤波算法

针对带乘性噪声的一类非线性系统,给出了1种带单重渐消因子的强跟踪状态滤波算法。该算法将非线性系统线性化后,采用了线性最小方差估计方法来进行状态估计,通过运用正交原理和引入渐消因子,使得滤波效果具有强跟踪的优良性能。该算法扩展了卡尔曼滤波在带乘性噪声非线性系统状态估计中的应用范围。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。