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41.
随着社会的发展,人们对自然地物的影响越来越显著,大量地改变了地表的状况,在遥感图像上则表现为灰度值变化剧烈,其中的纹理信息发生改变.在频率域上说,人工改变的区域部分的高频成分比其他区域部分要丰富很多,小波变换能够有效地将其中的高频信息提取出来,用假彩色分割图将其中的异常值明显地表示出来.湖北大冶的铁山矿区分布着六大露天矿区,地表开挖范围广,影响程度大,以该地区为例,分析小波变换在遥感图像上矿区空间定位方面的应用.使用本文介绍的方法处理效果比较明显.矿区位置的确定还需要参考断层分布信息,这意味着使用小波变换进行处理的方法具有一定的局限性. 相似文献
42.
联合多种测高资料和Geosat/GM波形重构数据,基于EIGEN_CG01C重力场模型,采用沿轨迹加权最小二乘方法和逆Vening-Meinesz公式,确定了中国海及其邻域1.5′×1.5′重力异常。将计算结果与最新船测资料进行了比较,标准差为3.37×10-5m.s-2。 相似文献
43.
In this contribution, we present a virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical
simulations with the aim to highlight the power of 3D representations in the understanding of this geological phenomenon.
In particular, samples of mixed juveniles from Salina island (Southern Italy) are reconstructed in 3D by serial lapping and
digital montage and numerical simulations are performed by using a 3D chaotic dynamical system. Natural and simulated magma
mixing structures are visualized by using several multimedia tools including animations and “virtual reality” models. It is
shown that magma interaction processes can generate large spatial and temporal compositional heterogeneities in magmatic systems.
The same topological structures are observed in both 3D reconstructed rock samples and chaotic numerical simulations, indicating
that the mixing of magmas is governed by chaotic dynamics. The use of 3D multimedia models gives the opportunity to penetrate
into magma mixing structures and to understand their significance in the context of magma dynamics. Such an approach is very
powerful since multimedia tools can strongly capture the attention of the reader bringing him/her into an interactive and
memorable geological experience.
Electronic supplementary material enclosed: 相似文献
44.
研究“源兆”的若干问题及途径分析 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
从位场理论的观点讨论了场和源的概念,建议将“场兆”改称为构造前兆,将“源兆”称为震源前兆。文中还分析了震源体与各种前兆观测方法探测的深度,并根据地磁与重力观测方法不同的物理基础和地质基础,指出震磁效应对于研究震源前兆的特殊意义,文中还介绍了1976唐山地震观测到震源前兆的部分实际地磁资料。 相似文献
45.
46.
Increasing critical sensitivity of the Load/Unload Response Ratio before large earthquakes with identified stress accumulation pattern 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huai-zhong Yu Zheng-kang Shen Yong-ge Wan Qing-yong Zhu Xiang-chu Yin 《Tectonophysics》2006,428(1-4):87-94
The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is proposed for short-to-intermediate-term earthquake prediction [Yin, X.C., Chen, X.Z., Song, Z.P., Yin, C., 1995. A New Approach to Earthquake Prediction — The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) Theory, Pure Appl. Geophys., 145, 701–715]. This method is based on measuring the ratio between Benioff strains released during the time periods of loading and unloading, corresponding to the Coulomb Failure Stress change induced by Earth tides on optimally oriented faults. According to the method, the LURR time series usually climb to an anomalously high peak prior to occurrence of a large earthquake. Previous studies have indicated that the size of critical seismogenic region selected for LURR measurements has great influence on the evaluation of LURR. In this study, we replace the circular region usually adopted in LURR practice with an area within which the tectonic stress change would mostly affect the Coulomb stress on a potential seismogenic fault of a future event. The Coulomb stress change before a hypothetical earthquake is calculated based on a simple back-slip dislocation model of the event. This new algorithm, by combining the LURR method with our choice of identified area with increased Coulomb stress, is devised to improve the sensitivity of LURR to measure criticality of stress accumulation before a large earthquake. Retrospective tests of this algorithm on four large earthquakes occurred in California over the last two decades show remarkable enhancement of the LURR precursory anomalies. For some strong events of lesser magnitudes occurred in the same neighborhoods and during the same time periods, significant anomalies are found if circular areas are used, and are not found if increased Coulomb stress areas are used for LURR data selection. The unique feature of this algorithm may provide stronger constraints on forecasts of the size and location of future large events. 相似文献
47.
Hydrogen isotope of individual n-alkanes from modern sediments and their application to environments
Zhongping LI Liwu LI Li DU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):207-207
Hydrogen isotopes are commonly fractionated to a much greater extent and as a result display larger variations in δ values, In terms of the hydrogen isotope ratios of individual n-alkanes of 16 samples of modern sediments selected from four different locations in the southern part of Gansu, China, the δD values for most of the n-alkanes varied from -150‰-300‰, Variations in δD also occurred between different ranges of n-alkanes, effects of environmental changes on the hydrogen isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes have been detected. Besides the δD values of n-alkanes, the δD values of lipids including pristane (Pr), phytane (Ph) were also examined, by the combination of D/H ratios with molecular fingerprinting, Our results further support the notion that hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes from modern sediments can act as paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental proxies and provide invaluable new sources of information in the research of paleoenvironment reconstruction. 相似文献
48.
49.
David W. Kelley Stefanie A. Brachfeld Edward A. Nater Herbert E. Wright Jr. 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(1):193-206
Sediments from Lake Pepin on the Mississippi River, southeastern Minnesota, are used as provenance tracers to assess variations
in hydrology and sediment-transport during the middle Holocene. Three rivers contribute sediment to Lake Pepin, and each catchment
is characterized by a distinctly different geologic terrain. The geochemical fingerprint for each drainage basin was determined
from the elemental composition of heavy minerals in the silt-sized fraction of modern sediment samples. Down-core elemental
abundances were compared with these fingerprints by use of a chemical-mass-balance model that apportions sediment to the source
areas. We observed a decreased contribution from the Minnesota River during the interval ~6700–5500 14C yr BP, which we attribute to decreased discharge of the Minnesota River, likely controlled by a combination of precipitation,
snow melt, and groundwater input to the river. This hydrologic condition coincides with the mid-Holocene prairie period recorded
by fossil pollen data. The occurrence of this feature in a proxy record for hydrologic variations supports the hypothesis
that the mid-Holocene prairie period reflects drier conditions than before or after in midwestern North America. 相似文献
50.
GPS高程拟合的方式及可靠性分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在范围不大的区域中,高程异常具有一定的几何相关性,GPS高程拟合就是利用这一原理,求解正常高。在解析法求解过程中,首先用最小二乘法确定拟合数学模型的系数,在此基础上计算出待测点的高程异常值。通过实例验证:GPS高程拟合的精度主要取决于GPS大地高的精度、重合点正常高的精度、重合点的分布及拟模型的选择。一般在重合点数量充足且分布均匀的情况下,GPS高程拟合的精度可达到四等水准网的精度要求。 相似文献