深源富碱硅热流体与斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩体的成因联系及流体包裹体、斑晶结构证据

通过中国几个主要斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩体中斑晶结构及斑晶中流体包裹体的详细研究得出 :斑岩体中的斑晶具明显的包含、筛状、间隙、聚合及次生加大等变斑晶结构。斑晶 (石英 )中流体包裹体具有饱和及过饱和盐水蒸气沸腾流体包裹体组合的特征 ,缺乏熔融包裹体。该沸腾流体包裹体组合(全岩 )中过饱和盐水包裹体占 2 9% ,饱和盐水包裹体占 2 % ,不饱和盐水包裹体占 4 5 % ,气相包裹体占 2 4 %。根据饱和盐水包裹体的均一温度确定斑晶的形成温度区间为 3 11～ 4 0 7℃。流体包裹体的成分主要为H2 O ,CO2 ,K+,Na+,Cl-,SO2 -4等 ,从而进一步论证了斑岩铜矿中含矿斑岩体并非岩浆直接结晶的产物 ,而很可能是由深部富K ,Na ,Si的热流体交代或局部熔融上部含Cu硅酸盐地壳的结果。     

The chemical anomalous behaviors of water-marble rock system under action of ultrasound

By the experiment, it is confirmed that water-marble rock system shows obviously chemical anomalous behaviors: the relevant minerals which formed marble rock are resolved fast, water becomes alkaline, meanwhile H₂ emission appears under action of ultrasound; based on rock identification by microscope and chemical analysis of water and rock, the mechanism of above chemical reaction is analyzed and discussed. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15 498–507, 1993. This study was supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

地震地电阻率前兆异常特征及其机理研究

本文在全面整理我国大陆二十余年来的地电阻率观测资料的基础上,分析了地电阻率前兆异常特征及其与地震三要素之间的关系,给出地震强度(震级)与异常时间和震中距乘积的对数呈线性关系的实用结果,研究了不同类型地震地电阻率短临前兆特征及其在地震预报中的应用,探讨了地电阻率前兆变化的机理。     

八卦庙金矿地质及稳定同位素研究

八卦庙金矿床是南秦岭印文造山带中新发现的远景规模可观的金矿。它具有明显的层控和构造控矿的特点。矿床分南、中、北3个矿带，北矿带是主矿带。矿石矿物组成行单，脉石矿物以铁白云石、石英为特征。根据矿物组合、相互关系，金的成矿作用可分为3个阶段，不同矿化阶段伴随着不同的围岩蚀变作用，与金矿化有成因联系的蚀变作用有硅化、铁白云石化以及磁黄铁矿一黄铁矿化等。S、C、H、O稳定同位素表现出相当的稳定性，成矿流体具有深源特征。     

Stable isotopic and fluid inclusion evidence for meteoric fluid penetration into an active mountain belt; Alpine Schist, New Zealand

Calcite and quartz veins have formed, and are forming, in steeply dipping fissures in the actively rising Alpine Schist metamorphic belt of New Zealand. The fluids that deposited these minerals were mostly under hydrostatic pressure almost down to the brittle-ductile transition, which has been raised to 5-6 km depth by rapid uplift. Some fluids were trapped under lithostatic pressures. Fluids in the fissure veins were immiscible H₂O + NaCl-CO₂ mixtures at 200-350 C. Bulk fluid composition is 15-20 mol% CO₂ and <4.3 total mol CH₄+ N₂+ Ar/100mol H₂O. Water hydrogen isotopic ratio δD_H2O in the fissure veins spans -29 to -68‰, δ¹⁸O_H2O -0.7 to 8.5‰, and bulk carbon isotopic ratio δ¹³C ranges from -3.7 to -11.7‰. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data suggest that the water has a predominantly meteoric source, and has undergone an oxygen isotope shift as a result of interaction with the host metamorphic rock. Similar fluids were present during cooling and uplift. Dissolved carbon is not wholly derived from residual metamorphic fluids; part may be generated by oxidation of graphite.     

嘎衣穷多金属矿床的激电勘查

白玉县嘎衣穷矿区经过三年的激发极化法测量工作,圈定了南北两个长达2200m的激电异常带,在异常带中进一步圈定了8个局部异常,其中Ⅱ_1号异常长440m,宽10—20m,经工程查证,圈定多金属矿体长360m,平均厚度9.11m;Ⅱ_2、Ⅲ_3号异常长约1300m,宽约20—60m,经工程查证,圈定多金属矿体长870m,地表最大厚度21.4m。通过激电工作同时发现了矿区南东部位的大规模异常,经少量地表、深部工程控制也已见到了多金属矿体。嘎衣穷矿床属火山岩型多金属矿床,地质、地球物理条件对开展激电工作都较有利,所以取得了较好的找矿效果。     

Effects of fluid production on fluid flow during regional and contact metamorphism

Numerical and analytical models of fluid flow that account for fluid production during prograde regional and contact metamorphism show that expulsion of metamorphic fluids dominates the convective flux when crustal permeabilities are less than 0.1–100 μD, depending primarily on the rate of fluid production. When this is the case, fluid circulation is limited or prevented, fluid pressures are elevated above hydrostatic values, and flow throughout most of the model is up and away from the region of maximum fluid production. Fluid circulation is predicted to occur where permeability is high, in dry rocks, or after rates of fluid production decrease as peak temperatures are reached. Large changes in the pattern of flow and influx of externally derived fluids may thus occur in metamorphic terranes when dehydration wanes or ceases and cooling begins. Inclusion of an impermeable horizon in the models further inhibits fluid circulation. Earlier, shallow hydrothermal models and interpretations based on the Rayleigh number may be inappropriate for characterizing fluid flow during prograde metamorphism at depth because they do not account for fluid production.     

江宁台地电阻率异常震例的中短期预报回归方程的建立

本文研究了１９８３年以来江宁台３００ｋｍ范围内Ｍｓ＞４．５地震的５０ｋｍ范围内地方小震的地电阻率异常震例的中、短期前兆异常特征，分析统计了异常参量与地震三要素之间的关系，并初步建立起中短期预报回归方程，大体给出江宁台所能监控的不同强度地震的最大范围和一般距离；研究表明江宁地电前兆异常有其自身的特征。充分研究单台单手段的前兆异常对地震综合预报水平的提高是有益的。     

吉林省放牛沟多金属矿床两种类型地球化学异常的成因研究与判别

本文通过对黄铁矿的地球化学成因研究，查明吉林省放牛沟多金属矿床的围岩中存在同生沉积成因（无找矿意义）与后生热液矿化成因（具有找矿意义）地球化学异常，两者有明显区别。根据异常的元素相关性、指示元素组合、异常强度和判别分析等特征，建立了判别两种不同成因异常的标志，并利用这些标志评价了未知异常的含矿潜力。     

Stable isotopic and trace element evidence for restricted fluid migration in 2 GPa eclogites

Mineral stable isotopic and trace element studies in 2 GPa banded eclogites of the Tauern Window, eastern Alps, record mm- to cm-scale heterogeneities that reflect compositional variations in the accompanying metamorphic fluids. A close correlation between dolomite mode and dolomite δ¹⁸O is consistent with equilibrium partitioning among coexisting minerals and fluids. Small variations in dolomite δ¹³C values correspond with δ¹⁸O variations, but an overall decrease in dolomite δ¹³C by c. 1%o across a 12-cm sample is a relict feature that pre-dates eclogite equilibration. Garnet, omphacite, and clinozoisite rims show little systematic mineral-mineral partitioning behaviour for Ti, V, Cr, Y, Sr, or Zr; major elements, however, are well equilibrated among these same minerals. Despite the apparent lack of mineral-mineral trace element equilibration, most of the trace elements vary systematically with water activity calculated in each layer. Trace element behaviour during the eclogite metamorphism thus appears to have been controlled largely by mineral-fluid interactions along grain boundaries. Shallow structural levels in other subduction complexes (c. 10-45 km) typically exhibit fracture-controlled permeability and extensive metasomatism, but there is no field or geochemical evidence for extensive fluid advection during high-pressure metamorphism in the Tauern eclogites. Because most dewatering and devolatilization during tectonic burial occurs prior to eclogite conditions, the volumetric fluid/rock ratio in eclogites should generally be low. Low fluid/rock ratios, coupled with the possible non-wetting nature of the fluids, permits the production and preservation of fine-scale chemical heterogeneities in deeply subducted eclogites and associated fluids. However, the eventual breakdown at greater depth of volatile-bearing dolomite, phengite, clinozoisite, zoisite, or amphibole could lead to renewed fracture-controlled fluid release from the subducted rocks to regions appropriate for arc magma generation.