西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床流体､成矿物质来源的地球化学约束

甲玛铜多金属矿是西藏冈底斯成矿带中东段勘查程度最高、成矿元素与矿体类型复杂的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。前人在控岩-控矿构造、矿床地质、地球化学、矿床模型等方面已经完成了大量的研究工作,但对于矿床成矿机制研究方面尚存不足,特别是流体、成矿物质的来源方面欠缺系统的研究工作和对资料的全面梳理。文章在大量阅研和总结前人研究资料的基础上,以矿区16号勘探线作为典型剖面开展了氧同位素填图,同时对硫同位素进行了必要的样品补充采集。通过综合研究,有证据表明甲玛矿区深部隐伏斑岩体存在岩浆流体的出溶,在此基础上,氢、氧同位素组成表明矿化由早到晚演化过程中,流体由岩浆水向大气降水增加方向演化;同时,氧同位素填图以及流体包裹体平面均一温度分布确定成矿流体源位于矿区zk1616~zk3216一带。此外,S、Si同位素组成均表明了矿区成矿物质主要来源于成矿岩浆岩,而铅同位素的研究进一步说明成矿物质主要来源于冈底斯后碰撞环境下因地壳减薄、地幔上涌导致的壳幔混合作用。文章依据地球化学的研究成果,探讨矿床流体、成矿物质的来源,为甲玛矿床成因、成矿机制研究夯实基础。     

天津市华苑产业园区地热流体化学特征及质量评述

华苑产业园区的热储层主要为新近系明化镇组、馆陶组和奥陶系,通过地球化学分析,推断其地热流体均属于大气降水成因,化学组分均表现出自东向西或自北东向南西、由山前到盆地中心的水平分带特征。本区各热储层地热流体及浅层第四系地下水在垂向上有较大变化,经分析,明化镇组有接受上覆第四系地下水的越流补给可能,而馆陶组热流体则在凸起区接受了下伏基岩热流体的顶托补给。经推断,地热流体补给源位于华苑产业园东侧或东北侧,补给缓慢。本区地热流体具有轻微-强腐蚀性,有硫酸钙结垢趋势,不宜直接作为饮用水源和渔业用水,也不适宜农业灌溉用水;但明化镇组适合大多数工业用水。可喜的是,各层热流体中偏硅酸和氟的含量都较高,经过一定的处理,可具医疗价值,如在此开发温泉旅游,将带来良好的经济效益。     

中国气候异常变化与ENSO准四年循环的联系分析

从月资料分析入手，分析了中国大陆地区的降水和气温异常与ENSO的联系。首先用REOF方法对降水和气温的变化进行分区分析，并讨论其年际变化特点。然后对降水和海温场、气温和海温场分别进行CSVD分析，讨论了在ENSO准四年循环的不同位相上，气温和降水的异常变化情况。结果表明：（1)在ElNino期间，我国东部地区，尤其是东北、长江中下游的江南地区降水偏多，容易发生洪涝，华北地区、黄河流域尤其是中部降水偏少，可能发生干旱。其中长江中下游的南部降水与赤道中东太平洋海温在准四年变化上关系密切，当中东太平洋海温达到最高值后约3个月，长江中下游的南部降水出现最大正距平。(2)在ElNino期间，东北容易出现低温天气，而其它地区尤其是河套地区及西南南部易出现高温天气。其中东北地区气温变化与赤道中东太平洋海温在准四年变化上关系密切，当中东太平洋海温达到最高值后约2个月，东北气温的负距平出现最低。LaNina阶段，情况与前述相反。     

磁塌缩不稳定与自生间歇磁流

太阳和天体物理吸积盘中的场是一种空间间歇的磁流。在整个太阳上都可发现这种间歇磁流片，其中光球上90%以上的磁流呈现为强场形态，其强度为0.1-0.2T，大小为50-300km；在吸积盘中，已知脉动磁场比宏观磁场强几个数量级。磁场的重联湮灭，导致在薄电流片区形成小尺度的磁环胞以及同涨的横等离激元。磁流和等离激元之间的非线性相互作用引起自类似塌缩，形成更为空间间歇的塌缩的磁环元胞。而横等离激元诱发的自生磁场具有调制不稳定性，导致磁场塌缩，形成高度间歇的磁流。分别在磁流力学和等离子体动力论两种情况下，分析了这种磁塌缩不稳定性，并用于解释太阳上的间歇磁流以及寻求天体物理吸积盘中的反常粘滞。     

Evolution of Br/Cl ratios in fumarolic salammoniac from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands,Italy)

 Bromine/chlorine ratios in salammoniac samples, collected from 1983 to 1994 at the Fossa crater fumaroles of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands), were determined. The data obtained in this work have been compared to those obtained by Coradossi et al. (1985) in order to carry out a systematic study of the Br/Cl ratio variations since 1977. Br/Cl ratios range from 0.04 to 0.29. The Br/Cl ratio variations observed have been interpreted as the result of different contributions among deep and shallow components feeding the fumarolic fluids of Vulcano. The Br/Cl increases, which occurred from 1977 to 1979, in 1983–1984 and in 1992–1993, have been connected to an increased input of magmatic gases. Received: 10 November 1995 / Accepted: 12 July 1996     

Perfect Fluid Lrs Bianchi I With Time Varying Constants

It is investigated the behaviour of the “constants” G, c and Λ in the framework of a perfect fluid LRS Bianchi I cosmological model. It has been taken into account the effects of a c-variable into the curvature tensor. Two exact cosmological solutions are investigated, arriving t the conclusion that if q < 0 (deceleration parameter) then G, c are growing functions on time t while Λ is a negative decreasing function on time.     

一次广东典型龙舟水暴雨过程的扰动形势分析

“龙舟水”期间的极端降水,常以近似平行的多条雨带出现,过量的降水会造成流域的或大范围的洪涝灾害。分解大气中的基本变量为瞬变气候与瞬时扰动两个部分,用后者揭示龙舟水期间强降水的区域分布特征。2020年6月5—9日出现在广东省中部和北部地区的多条近似平行的雨带和闪电高密度带只是华南和江南区域降水过程中的一个片段。分析结果表明:控制这片区域雨带活动的是南北两侧缓慢东移的扰动反气旋环流系统。在黄海扰动反气旋环流的南边缘和南海扰动反气旋环流的北边缘各形成了一条扰动风切变线与湿涡度扰动线对应,在它们之间形成了一个扰动低压气流区和其中的多个湿涡度扰动条带,决定了其中条状雨带的走向。分解欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)模式产品可以提前1~5天获得指示两个扰动反气旋环流系统和扰动低压气流区中湿涡度扰动分布的信息。      

Interaction of aqueous fluids with calcareous metasediments during high-T, low-P regional metamorphism in the Qadda area, southern Arabian Shield

The S.W. Nabitah Mobile Belt, Saudi Arabia, contains a Proterozoic island-arc complex. In the Qadda area, the metavolcanic-dominated supracrustal sequence records amphibolite facies regional metamorphism of high-T , low-P type. Calcsilicate rocks and aluminous dolomitic marbles within the supracrustal sequence have been studied in detail to refine estimates of peak metamorphic P–T conditions and assess the role of fluids during prograde and retrograde metamorphism. Fluid-independent thermobarometers (including the calcite–dolomite thermometer and P-sensitive equilibria involving grossular, wollastonite, anorthite, meionite, quartz and calcite) yield peak P–T conditions of c. 650–660 °C, 4 kbar, both higher than previous estimates, giving a revised average thermal gradient of c. 45 °C km^–1. The close match between the peak temperatures implied by calcite–dolomite thermometry and those recorded by univariant devolatilization equilibria suggests that the calcareous rocks were fluid-bearing during late-prograde and peak metamorphic stages. These fluids were essentially binary H₂O–CO₂ mixtures with low NaCl and HF concentrations. Most were H₂O-rich, with X_CO2 between 0.02 and 0.2, but values of c. 0.6 are recorded by two samples. High modal abundances of the solid products of decarbonation reactions (e.g. c. 10–50% wollastonite) in many of the rocks that record low-X_CO2 equilibrium fluids implies infiltration of significant quantities of externally derived aqueous fluid during late-prograde metamorphism, but not enough to exhaust the buffering capacity of the rocks. Calculated minimum time-integrated fluid-to-rock ratios of five wollastonite-bearing calcsilicate rocks range from 0.7±0.22 to 1.39±0.46 (1σ); those of six marbles range from c. 0 to 4±1.4. The latter variation occurs on a metre-scale, implying focusing of fluid flow. Diopside-rich rocks record fluid-to-rock ratios of up to 88±48. Penetrative wollastonite lineations indicate a temporal link between infiltration and distributed ductile deformation. Infiltrating fluids were probably derived both from the prograde dehydration of adjacent metabasalts and metatuffs and from crystallization of voluminous pretectonic granitoid intrusions. In general, fluid-to-rock ratios deduced for the metavolcanic-dominated Qadda area are similar to those recorded by rocks in the metasediment-dominated terrane of N. New England. The occurrence of post-tectonic retrograde hydration textures in both carbonate-bearing and carbonate-free rocks otherwise lacking hydrous minerals testifies to infiltration of aqueous fluids during retrograde metamorphism in the absence of penetrative deformation. Minimum fluid-to-rock ratios calculated for secondary grossular reaction rims in some calcsilicates are c. 0.04. Later patchy hydration of scapolite probably utilized static, pore-filling fluids remaining after the early retrograde infiltration.     

Metamorphic and post-metamorphic fluid flow in the low-grade rocks of the Harlech Dome, north Wales

A combination of fluid inclusion, stable isotope and geochemical techniques has been used to study the nature of fluids present and their behaviour during Caledonian low-grade metamorphism of the Harlech Dome, north Wales. Fluid inclusion studies show that in most of the metasedimentary sequence the peak metamorphic fluid was an aqueous Na–K–Cl brine but in the graphitic Clogau Formation and in parts of the overlying Maentwrog Formation immiscible H₂O-rich and CH₄-rich fluids coexisted. Late-stage inclusions are of calcium-rich brine and a dilute aqueous fluid. The chemical composition of chlorite in metamorphic veins and rocks varies between different formations and quartz-oxygen isotopic compositions show considerable variation between different units. Both of these features are taken to indicate that there was little or no pervasive movement of fluid between different units at the peak of metamorphism. After the metamorphic peak there was focused flow of fluid upward through the sequence along fractures, in response to end-Caledonian uplift and unloading. Where the migrating fluid crossed the graphitic shales, interaction between the fluid and the shales gave rise to the formation of the auriferous veins of the Dolgellau Gold Belt. Subsequent to this mineralizing event there was widespread development of ¹⁸O-enriched calcites and micas. In the case of vein minerals it is possible that these crystallized directly from late-stage fluids at lower temperature than the quartz in the same veins. Alternatively, the original vein minerals may have re-equilibrated with later ¹⁸O-enriched or cooler fluid. In the case of muscovites in the rock matrix it is proposed that the isotopically heavy compositions are the result of re-equilibration of initially light grains with an introduced fluid, requiring considerable influx of fluid. This event may relate to either of two late-stage fluids observed as inclusions.