江西武山矽卡岩型铜矿床成矿流体演化及其成矿意义

江西武山铜矿床是长江中下游多金属成矿带内重要的矽卡岩型矿床之一。文章对该矿床中的流体包裹体进行了详细研究,重点分析了成矿流体的演化过程及其成矿意义。根据野外地质产状和室内岩相学特征,将武山矽卡岩型铜矿床热液成矿过程分为气成-高温热液期和热液期,前者包括矽卡岩阶段和磁铁矿阶段,后者包括石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段。其中,石英-硫化物阶段是该铜矿形成的主要阶段,可进一步细分为辉钼矿-石英和黄铁矿-黄铜矿-石英2个阶段。岩相学观察显示,包裹体类型有Ⅰ型含子矿物包裹体(L+V+S)、Ⅱ型气液两相包裹体(L+Ⅴ)和Ⅲ型气相包裹体(Ⅴ)。气成-高温热液期的石榴子石中流体包裹体数量不多,但Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型包裹体都有;而热液期的石英与方解石中流体包裹体数量众多,以Ⅱ型包裹体为主。从早期矽卡岩阶段至碳酸盐阶段,成矿热液经历了从高温(378~518℃)、高盐度[ω(NaCl_(eq))介于17.3%~45.1%)向低温(113~250℃)、低盐度[ω(NaCl_(eq))介于3.4%~11.9%]的持续演化。热液演化过程中发生了流体沸腾作用和岩浆热液与大气降水的混合作用。其中,矽卡岩阶段的水-岩作用、沸腾作用与矽卡岩的形成密切相关,而成矿阶段的沸腾作用与混合作用可能是铜矿床形成的重要机制。H、O同位素研究表明,各成矿阶段的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,但随着成矿作用的进行,大气降水在成矿流体中的体积质量逐渐增大。     

我国平原区土壤地球化学异常成因研究

我国平原地区土壤地球化学异常普遍存在,但是目前对这些异常的成因缺乏系统认识。这里以长春和南京地区的Hg、Cd异常试验研究结果为例,利用元素相关关系法,对此进行了系统研究。结果表明,城镇及其周边地区的土壤地球化学异常,异常组分叠加量表现出表层累积型特点,此类异常的成因与人类活动有关。分布在河流沿岸的土壤地球化学异常,在垂向上,异常组分叠加量表现出了连续型分布特点,且异常组分含量主要受土壤物质组成的控制,此类异常是在河流沉积物自然沉积过程中形成的。     

Magmatic Fluid Inclusions from the Zaldivar Deposit, Northern Chile: The Role of Early Metal-bearing Fluids in a Porphyry Copper System

Abstract. The occurrence of a distinct type of multi-solid, highly-saline fluid inclusions, hosted in igneous quartz phe-nocrysts from the Llamo porphyry, in the Zaldivar porphyry copper deposit of northern Chile is documented. Total homoge-nization of the multi-solid type inclusions occurs at magmatic temperatures (over 750C), well above the typical temperatures of hydro thermal fluids (less than 600C) usually recorded in porphyry copper systems. The analysis of this type of fluid inclusions, using a combination of non-destructive microthermometry, Raman and PIXE techniques and the identification of daughter minerals by SEM method, indicates that the trapped fluid was a dense, complex chloride brine in which Cl, Na, K, Fe, Cu, and Mn are dominant. The high chlorine and metal contents indicate that the metals were separated from the crystallizing magma as homogeneous aqueous chloride-rich solutions that represent the primary magmatic fluids exsolved at high temperatures and depth during the crystallization of the parental intrusive.
The multi-solid type inclusion illustrates the mechanism by which ore components are sequestered from the crystallizing parental magma and concentrated in the exsolved magmatic aqueous fluids. These fluids are significant with respect to the origin of porphyry copper deposits, as they are responsible for the first enrichment of metals and represent the precursors of metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids in a porphyry copper system.     

新疆准噶尔盆地西缘哈图金矿成矿流体

哈图金矿石英中包裹体丰富,个体小,多为3～5μm,包裹体发育不好,反映了包裹体形成时受到了构造的挤压。成矿主要为中温、低盐度。包裹体中水主要为岩浆水,有少量天水的混合。哈图金矿的成矿物质主要为深源。围岩及矿体石英包裹体的稀土元素及碳同位素分析表明成矿流体的稀土元素及矿化剂元素碳的来源与围岩关系不大,哈图金矿的成矿受地层的影响较小。成矿流体的研究显示金矿体向下仍有一定的延伸。     

内蒙古道伦达坝铜多金属矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟西乌旗道伦达坝中型铜多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,矿体主要产于粉砂质板岩与黑云母花岗岩的接触带.本文通过系统的岩相学、矿相学、流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素研究表明,道伦达坝铜多金属矿床属岩浆期后气化热液矿床,成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,温度区间分别为388～＞500℃、302～463℃、179～359℃.钨-锡矿化主要发生在中阶段、铜矿化主要发生在晚阶段.初始成矿流体为CH_4-CO_2-H_2O-NaCl体系,随着温压降低,CO_2、CH_4大量逸失,而演化为H_2O-NaCl体系.流体盐度变化范围大,但从早到晚逐步降低.流体临界分离导致钨、锡矿化;流体CH_4、CO_2逃逸和大气降水热液混入导致铜矿化.黑云母花岗岩的侵入活动导致了成矿流体的聚集,而粉砂质板岩有利于成矿流体封闭,致使二者接触带成为有利的成矿和找矿部位.     

斑岩型钼矿床研究进展

文章总结了北美西部及中国斑岩型钼矿床的研究成果,介绍了斑岩型钼矿床的分类、共生岩浆岩、矿化方式及蚀变特点,重点探讨了斑岩型钼矿床的成矿流体特点,钼在岩浆-热液系统中的富集沉淀机制以及斑岩型钼矿床的成矿物质来源。     

滇西北衙金多金属矿床流体包裹体研究

北衙金多金属矿是与滇西新生代富碱斑岩有关的典型代表之一。通过对矿区石英脉、富碱斑岩中的石英斑晶以及方解石脉中流体包裹体的类型、特征、温度、盐度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分分析和包裹体的激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了流体性质、来源。研究表明,该区存在高温高盐度流体、中高温高盐度流体、中低温低盐度流体3种流体。流体总体属于NaCl-H2O体系,均一温度范围在132～550℃(个别大于550℃),盐度范围在1.9%～61.1%(NaCleq)。高盐度流体不是由热水溶液的不混溶作用或沸腾作用形成的,而是由中酸性岩浆在深部岩浆房中通过结晶分异作用形成,和/或在浅成条件下于岩浆结晶的最后阶段从浅部岩浆中直接出溶形成的。红泥塘、南大坪两矿段石英斑晶中金属子矿物特别是黄铜矿的发现,暗示早期来自岩浆的热液流体金属含量较高,形成于大气降水与岩浆热液混合之前。上述特征表明北衙地区富碱斑岩具有巨大成矿潜力。     

关于云和云天大气对太阳辐射的吸收异常

本文是关于云和云天大气对太阳辐射吸收异常问题的一个综述，总结了到目前为止的对水云异常吸收的一些解释，指出这些解释的合理性和缺陷。本文的重点在于介绍近年来论争激烈的有云大气的异常吸收问题，对存在和不存在增强吸收的两种截然相反的观点都做了较详细的评述。     

益阳市高温热害评估

普查益阳市各气象站1959-2009年的高温天气过程,根据高温范围、持续时间、强度和高温期间干旱日数等设置高温异常指数,从气象角度综合评估了一次高温过程的灾害影响程度。通过分析排序,揭示了益阳"5年一遇"至"50年一遇"的年际高温灾害性天气事件的主要分布特征,并对益阳高温的空间分布及其年代际变化特征作了初步分析。结果表明,20世纪六、七十年代益阳市强高温热害较多,其灾害程度为"10年一遇"至"50年一遇",1966年7月中旬至8月中旬出现的高温酷暑天气为"50年一遇,"1979-1991年、1996-2008年仅有小于"5年一遇"的高温热害,2009年的高温热害为"5年一遇"。     

Ore genesis of the Tianbaoshan carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,Southwest China: geologic and isotopic (C–H–O–S–Pb) evidence

The Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit, part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn metallogenic province, is located in the western Yangtze Block and contains 2.6 million tonnes of 10–15 wt.% Pb + Zn metals. Ore bodies occur as vein or tubular types and are hosted in Sinian (late Proterozoic) carbonate rocks and are structurally controlled by the SN-trending Anninghe tectonic belt and NW-trending concealed fractures. The deposits are simple in mineralogy, with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, freibergite, and pyrargyrite as ore minerals and dolomite, calcite, and quartz as gangue minerals. These phases occur as massive, brecciated, veinlet, and dissemination in dolostone of the upper Sinian Dengying Formation. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids range from –47.6 to –51.2‰ and –1.7 to +3.7‰, respectively. These data suggest that H₂O in hydrothermal fluids had a mixed origin of metamorphic and meteoric waters. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions range from –6.5 to –4.9‰ and +19.3 to +20.2‰, respectively. These compositions plot in the field between mantle and marine carbonate rocks with a negative correlation, suggesting that CO₂ in the ore-forming fluids had multiple sources, including the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, Sinian-to-Permian marine carbonate rocks, and organic matters in Cambrian-to-Permian sedimentary rocks. Sulphur isotope compositions range from –0.4 to +9.6‰, significantly lower than Cambrian-to-Permian seawater sulphate (+15 to +35‰) and sulphate (+15 to +28‰) from evaporates in Cambrian-to-Permian strata, implicating that the S was derived from host-strata evaporates by thermal–chemical sulphate reduction. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios range from 18.110 to 18.596, 15.514 to 15.878, and 38.032 to 39.221, respectively, which plot in field of the upper crust Pb evolution curve, unlike those of Proterozoic basement rocks, Sinian dolostone, Devonian-to-Permian carbonate rocks, and the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, implying complex derivation of Pb metal in the ore-forming fluids. Geological and isotopic studies of the Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit reveal that constituents in the hydrothermal fluids were derived from multiple sources and that fluid mixing was a possible metallogenic mechanism. The studied deposit is not distal magmatic–hydrothermal, sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), or Mississippi Valley (MVT) types, rather, it represents a unique ore deposit type, named in this article the SYG type.