煤田绳索取心钻探应建立新的行业钻探体系

煤炭仍然是世界主要能源资料,煤田地质勘探必将向深部发展,绳索取心钻探技术是深部钻探优质高效的首选方法。目前煤田绳索取心钻探技术未能全面采用,存在若干不适应煤田地层的技术问题,但都能采取措施解决。煤田地质钻探钻遇地层普遍存在水敏现象,导致泥浆含砂、含泥量过高使性能变坏。煤田绳索取心钻探还存在与“水敏”、“砂害”伴随着的泵压高、泥浆流速快、冲刷严重、冲洗液动力学效应负作用大等问题,采用非煤地质勘探标准钻具（柱）,强度低,能力弱,难以抵抗负面作用。为此,不仅需要优选适应地层抑制其水敏性的泥浆配比,更重要的是解决除砂除泥问题。同时要打破旧有思维,建立新体系,扩大钻孔直径,增大配套间隙,提升装备动力,用大功率去克服问题。     

粗砂砾石地层中高压旋喷桩隔水帷幕施工技术

太原万达广场A2区商住楼基坑工程部分区域为粗砂砾石地层,基坑隔水帷幕中深层搅拌桩无法有效使用。提出了在粗砂砾石地层采用高压旋喷桩隔水帷幕的施工技术方案,采用双套管锚杆钻机引孔、单管高压喷射工艺进行施工,成功实施了这一工程。经检查,喷射注浆体相互咬合良好,有效桩径内水泥含量均匀无夹块现象,隔水帷幕止水效果良好。     

一次攀西地区飑线天气过程形成机制分析

利用地面气象常规观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、雷达及卫星资料和NCEP 1°×1°的逐6h再分析资料,对2018年5月13日攀西地区南部的飑线天气过程的形成机制进行分析。结果表明:飑线发生在高空槽前,高空槽逐渐东移推动冷性气流沿背风坡东移,然后与前方低层暖空气汇合抬升形成对流;露点锋触发了飑线天气过程的形成;产生飑线天气区域的大气具有上干下湿、不稳定能量高、垂直风切变强、高层风速大和形成之前存在逆温层的特点;高空急流和动量下传对飑线的发生和加强具有促进作用;地形对飑线的形成和天气现象的分布有影响。     

Role of the Nocturnal Low-level Jet in the Formation of the Morning Precipitation Peak over the Dabie Mountains

The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Dabie Mountains(DBM) in eastern China during the 2013 mei-yu season is investigated with forecasts of a regional convection-permitting model. Simulated precipitation is verified against surface rain-gauge observations. The observed morning precipitation peak on the windward(relative to the prevailing synoptic-scale wind) side of the DBM is reproduced with good spatial and temporal accuracy. The interaction between the DBM and a nocturnal boundary layer low-level jet(BLJ) due to the inertial oscillation mechanism is shown to be responsible for this precipitation peak. The BLJ is aligned with the lower-level southwesterly synoptic-scale flow that carries abundant moisture.The BLJ core is established at around 0200 LST upwind of the mountains. It moves towards the DBM and reaches maximum intensity at about 70 km ahead of the mountains. When the BLJ impinges upon the windward side of the DBM in the early morning, mechanical lifting of moist air leads to condensation and subsequent precipitation.     

闽中南罕见冬季锋前暴雨个例特征分析

利用福建省逐小时加密自动站资料、风廓线、S波段双偏振雷达与雨滴谱等新型探测资料以及NCEP逐6 h的1°×1°大气再分析资料,分析了2017年2月21—22日福建中南部一次预报失败的冬季暴雨过程。结果表明:(1)此次暴雨过程类似于锋前暖区暴雨,自2000年以来仅此一例,十分罕见,是在低空急流偏强并长时间维持的背景下产生的,并未受到南支槽和冷空气的影响。(2)闽中大到暴雨带和闽南暴雨区的对流系统相互独立,有多个对流系统影响闽中地区,仅两个对流系统影响闽南地区。降水有较明显对流特征,属暖云弱对流降水,容易导致预报员对雨强估计不足。(3)此次冬季暴雨过程的水汽主要来自南海地区,低层水汽条件与汛期暴雨相当,但整层水汽条件较汛期略差;低空急流对暖湿气流的输送使暴雨区趋于不稳定,但对流不稳定度较汛期弱。(4)高空辐散低层辐合的配置为冬季暴雨带来了有利的动力抬升条件,但暴雨区涡旋性不强,无明显正涡度柱。其中,闽中大到暴雨主要与条件性对称不稳定有关,是在湿斜压作用下倾斜上升运动中产生,而闽南暴雨区既存在对流不稳定,也存在条件性对称不稳定。     

东亚副热带西风急流的变化特征

利用1979-2013年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了东亚副热带西风急流的变化特征。结果表明:东亚副热带西风急流中心位置、强度有明显的季节变化,冬季偏东偏南、强度最强,夏季偏北偏西、强度最弱。冬半年东亚副热带西风急流南界、北界年际变化的幅度大,夏半年幅度较小。冬季、春季东亚副热带西风急流范围较大,秋季、夏季小,一年内,偏大年或偏小年的出现不具有季节的连续性。     

利用风廓线雷达研究郑州机场低空急流特征及其对飞行的影响

利用2016、2017年郑州机场高分辨率边界层风廓线雷达半小时平均观测资料, 对机场上空低空急流时空分布特征进行统计研究, 结果表明:夏末、秋季低空急流出现次数相对较少, 春季、夏初是高发时期, 冬季易出现较强的超低空急流, 只有春季风速从低层到高层呈现先增大后减小、再增大的变化过程, 8月末可能是急流的时空转换期; 夜间和凌晨是高发时段, 白天降低30%~40%, 一般情况下, 00—12时(世界时, 下同)急流较弱, 12时后明显增强向上发展, 19时开始减弱, 持续至21时; 急流中心最大风速一半以上在12~18 m/s, 高度集中在60~180 m和300~900 m, 超低空急流占大部分, 夜间出现最大风速的概率远高于白天; 低空急流发生高度大部分在飞机起飞或着陆的范围内, 使飞机复飞概率增加, 对夜间航班影响更大。      

Numerical flow and performance analysis of a water-jet axial flow pump

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the performance and three-dimensional flow fields in a water-jet pump. TASCflow is employed to simulate the rotator-stator coupling flow field. A standard k-ε turbulence model combined with standard wall functions is used. In order to investigate the effect of a rear stator on flow fields, the flows in two water-jet pumps with and without a rear stator are studied. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-predicted overall performances are in good agreement with the experimental results. Then the flow fields, such as the pressure distribution on the blade surfaces, and the axial and tangential velocity distribution, especially the radial loading distribution, are investigated at different flow rates. In addition, the effects of a rear stator and different spacings between the rotor and the stator on the overall performance and the flow fields of the water-jet pump are also investigated.     

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.     

桂林市2005年6月连续性暴雨的季风扰动及动力条件分析

通过对2005年6月连续性暴雨过程发生前后的天气形势和物理量场进行分析,发现暴雨发生时,与500hPa螺旋度、涡度及850hPa水汽通量配置较好。暴雨前期低空急流加强,表现在暴雨发生前850hPa沿110°E有V分量的增长。另外,可通过对T 213物理量预报场的分析,判断未来暴雨发生的可能性。