秦皇岛市青龙县城工程场地动力特征及分区评价

工程场地动力分区评价（即地震影响小区划），是在工程场地地震危险性分析的基础上，根据场地岩土动力特征及地形地貌、地质构造条件等对地震动影响的反应程度，从而对不同类型场地的地震效应作出评价．其成果可做为建筑抗震设计、工程加固、震害预测与对策的制定及土地合理利用和总体规划布局的依据．本文以秦皇岛市青龙县城工程场地为例，进行了工程场地动力特征研究与分区评价及震害预测（即工程场地地震影响小区划）。     

Groundwater flow in anisotropic aquifers reduced to the isotropic case

By applying the technique of conformal transformation of the metric, widely used in general relativity and cosmology, the analysis of groundwater flow in an anisotropic aquifer (in which the hydraulic conductivity is a tensor) is reduced to the case of an isotropic one. This reduction is achieved for a particular conformal factor of the transformation. Examples of application of this technique are given. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A viscoplastic model including anisotropic damage for the time dependent behaviour of rock

This paper presents a new constitutive model for the time dependent mechanical behaviour of rock which takes into account both viscoplastic behaviour and evolution of damage with respect to time. This model is built by associating a viscoplastic constitutive law to the damage theory. The main characteristics of this model are the account of a viscoplastic volumetric strain (i.e. contractancy and dilatancy) as well as the anisotropy of damage. The latter is described by a second rank tensor. Using this model, it is possible to predict delayed rupture by determining time to failure, in creep tests for example. The identification of the model parameters is based on experiments such as creep tests, relaxation tests and quasi‐static tests. The physical meaning of these parameters is discussed and comparisons with lab tests are presented. The ability of the model to reproduce the delayed failure observed in tertiary creep is demonstrated as well as the sensitivity of the mechanical response to the rate of loading. The model could be used to simulate the evolution of the excavated damage zone around underground openings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stresses due to vertical subsurface loading for an inhomogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space

In this article, we present the solutions for the stresses induced by four different loads associated with an axially loaded pile in a continuously inhomogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space. The planes of cross‐anisotropy are parallel to the horizontal surface of the half‐space, and the Young's and shear moduli are assumed to vary exponentially with depth. The four loading types are: an embedded point load for an end‐bearing pile, uniform skin friction, linear variation of skin friction, and non‐linear parabolic variation of skin friction for a friction pile. The solutions for the stresses due to the pile load are expressed in terms of the Hankel integral and are obtained from the point load solutions of the same inhomogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space which were derived recently by the authors (Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2003; 40 (5):667–685). A numerical procedure is proposed to carry out the integral. For the special case of homogeneous isotropic and cross‐anisotropic half‐space, the stresses predicted by the numerical procedure agree well with the solutions of Geddes and Wang (Geotechnique 1966; 16 (3):231–255; Soils Found. 2003; 43 (5):41–52). An illustrative example is also given to investigate the effect of soil inhomogeneity, the type and degree of soil anisotropy, and the four different loading types on the vertical normal stress. The presented solutions are more realistic in simulating the actual stratum of loading problem in many areas of engineering practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地图数字化与汉字数字化的关系

通过论述汉字信息在地图信息中的重要地位,说明开发地名数字化系统的必要性;并且通过分析汉字的“音、形、义”的结构特征,阐明了地名数字化系统的继承性、层次性、稳定性和开放性。从而说明开发地名数字化系统的艰巨性。     

江西金山金矿田东蒋金矿床地质特征及找矿远景

阐述了东蒋金矿床的成矿地质背景,通过对该金矿区地质特征的分析和总结,认为东蒋韧性剪切带为一卓具规模的控矿、容矿构造,其具有构造岩分带、蚀变分带及金矿化强度分带“三位一体”的规律性分布特点。指出该区业已发现韧性剪切带中的似层状金矿体和陡倾斜断裂带(F1)中的脉状金矿体,而该带目前无矿的东段分布有物探激电、航磁、重力异常及化探异常,这些都显示该区尚具有良好的找矿前景。     

地图内容质量特征和数量特征概括的数学模型

在分类的定义下,根据概念外延的包含关系,给出了质量特征概括的数学模型。在定义数量的基础上,推导出级距概念,并根据两个不同级距的偏序集中大级距子集包含多个小级距子集的关系,给出了数量特征概括的数学模型。本文给出的地物质量特征和数量特征概括的数学模型,可对地图编制过程中诸如随地图比例尺缩小而缩减分类,扩大级差等经验事实,作出定量的描述和理论阐释。     

GrADS绘图汉字显示的技术研究与实现

气象常用绘图软件GrADS中不能用汉字设置标题和题注,给国内的业务和科研工作带来不便。根据GrADS软件的特点,在其已有功能的基础上,对GrADS软件功能进行扩充,发展了一些关键技术,实现了GrADS汉字显示功能。其中,发展的关键技术包括:自定义汉字库创建、汉字库索引创建、中英文混合显示、快速查找自定义汉字库、解码自定义汉字库和汉字绘制。实现的汉字显示技术具有使用方便、速度快、可移植、可中英文混合显示等特点。     

雾日期间边界层特性分析

利用常规观测资料、微波辐射仪和风廓线仪等资料对2007年10月25～27日期间雾天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次雾天气过程是在大的天气背景下形成的,高低空和地面形势均有利于雾形成和维持;(2)微波辐射仪反演产品可以清楚地看出高低空湿度的配置以及雾维持的机理;(3)进一步分析温湿特点可以看出,地面温度、2 000 m高度下的逆温厚度和最大强度变化与能见度、雾、浓雾、强浓雾之间的转换关系密切;雾出现对应地面降温幅度最大,雾期间有逆温(特别是贴地逆温);雾期间地面相对湿度均在83%以上,浓雾在90%以上,强浓雾在97%以上;雾刚生成并没有液态水,1 h后出现液态水,在天气系统接近前均是100 m高度上液态水含量最大;(4)雾期间边界层内600～700 m高度以下,水平风速比较小,在600 m高度上下水平风速切变很明显;(5)雾过程期间边界层维持微弱的上升和下沉运动。     

天津地区雷暴大风天气雷达产品特征分析

应用2002-2007年天津共46次雷暴大风天气过程的新一代天气雷达资料,并结合灾情报告和地面自动气象站资料,根据雷达基本反射率回波特征,影响渤海西部雷暴大风的雷达回波形态有以下四种类型:弓状回波、阵风锋、带状回波和零散椭圆状回波,其中弓状回波对应的雷暴大风天气最为强烈,特别是弓状回波的前部和顶端突起部分;同时弓状回波主体维持时间与雷暴大风维持时间基本一致.另外,应用垂直积分液态水含量产品(VIL)进行了统计分析.结果表明:当VIL值达到或超过40 kg·m~(-2)时,随后VIL值的快速减小对于预警雷暴大风天气有指示意义,这种信息一般能够提前10分钟出现.此外,分析了雷暴大风的路径来源有四类:分别是北方路径有9次,西北路径占19次,西方路径14次和其他路径4次,其中北方路径带来的灾害相对严重.这些特征对预警渤海西部雷暴大风天气提供使用价值,同时也可提供其他地区参考使用.