热液体系氢、氧同位素分馏机制及其地质意义

探讨了热液体系氢、氧同位素地球化学行为及其与水/岩交换同位素分馏的内在关系。有效W/R值是除温度条件外,另一控制蚀变岩石和热液水氢、氧同位素组成变化的因素。此外还根据数个矿区成矿热液水和蚀变岩石氢、氧同位素组成及变化特征对水/岩交换和W/R值的应用及地质意义展开讨论。最后提出热液体系中大气降水和岩浆热液水氢、氧同位素组成演化模式简图。     

Estimation of drag coefficient over the western desert sector of the Indian summer monsoon trough

In the estimation of momentum fluxes over land surfaces by the bulk aerodynamic method, no unique value of the drag coefficient (C _D) is found in the literature. The drag coefficient is generally estimated from special observations at different parts of the world. In this study an attempt is made to estimate drag coefficient over the western desert sector of India using data sets of Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment (MONTBLEX) during the summer monsoon season of 1990. For this purpose, the fast and slow response data sets obtained simultaneously from a 30 m high micro-meteorological tower at Jodhpur are used. All the observations used in this study are confined to a wind speed regime of 2.5–9.0 ms⁻¹. A comparison of momentum fluxes computed by eddy correlation (direct estimation) with profile and bulk aerodynamic (C _D = 3.9 × 10⁻³, Garratt, 1977) methods revealed that though the nature of variation of the fluxes by all these methods is almost similar, both the indirect methods give an under-estimated value of the fluxes. The drag coefficient is estimated as a function of wind speed and surface stability by a multiple regression approach. An average value of the estimated drag coefficient is found to be of the order of 5.43 × 10⁻³. The estimated value ofC _D is validated with a set of independent observations and found to be quite satisfactory. The recomputed momentum fluxes by bulk aerodynamic method using the estimated drag coefficient are in close agreement with the directly estimated fluxes.     

染料交换荧光分光光度法测定地球化学样品中痕量铊

研究表明，在Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中，丁基罗丹明Ｂ可从乙酸异戊酯有机相中的［Ｔ１Ｂｒ４］＾－－结晶紫缔合物中置换结晶紫而形成新的离子缔合三元荧光络合物。详细考察了该络合物形成的最佳条件、荧光特征及萃取溶剂等，制定了地球化学样品中痕量Ｔ１的荧光光度测定新方法，其检出限０．００５μｇ／ｍｌ．Ｔ１量在０－０．５μｇ／ｍｌ范围与荧光强度呈正比。测定了含Ｔ１量０．６１－１．９μｇ／ｇ的８个一级地球化学标样，结果相符     

743离子交换快速分离—等离子体光谱法同时测定十五个稀土元素

本文研制了适用于地质样品中15个稀土元素分析的快速方法。样品经碱熔沉淀分离和743阳离子交换树脂分离富集将稀土元素制备成溶液用等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测量。方法检出限为0.002-0.3μg/g,当稀土元素含量为0.5-80,μg/g时,方法相对标准偏差为15％-2％。本方法经过多年的样品分析考验以及不断的改进和完善,证明方法简便快速,分析数据稳定可靠,能很好地满足地质样品中15个稀土分量测定的要求。     

Direct Observations of Atmospheric Transport and Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange from High-Precision Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Profile Measurements

The balloon-borne Aircore campaign was conducted in Inner Mongolia,China,on June 13 and 14 2018,which detected carbon dioxide(CO_2) and carbon monoxide(CO) profiles from surface to 24 km,showing strong positive and negative correlations between 8 km and 10 km on 13 and 14 June,respectively.Backward trajectories,meteorological analyses,and CO_2 horizontal distributions were combined to interpret this phenomenon.The results indicated that the source region experienced a stratospheric intrusion and exhibited a large horizontal CO_2 gradient;namely,lower CO concentrations corresponded to higher CO_2 concentrations and vice versa.The laminar structure with multiple origins resulted in the highly negative correlation between CO_2 and CO in the upper troposphere on 14 June.The contribution of stratospheric air mass to the upper troposphere and that of tropospheric air mass to the lower stratosphere were 26.7% and24.3%,respectively,based on a mass balance approach.Another interesting phenomenon is that CO_2 and CO concentrations increased substantially at approximately 8 km on 13 June.An analysis based on the backward trajectory implied that the air mass possibly came from anthropogenic sources.The slope of CO_2/CO representing the anthropogenic sources was 87.3 ppm ppm~(-1).In addition,the CO_2 profile showed that there was a large CO_2 gradient of 4 ppm km-1 within the boundary layer on 13 June,and this gradient disappeared on 14 June.     

论大陆岩石圈形成过程中的克拉通化阶段

流体控制着地球系统中质量和能量的传输。流体岩石反应过程在岩石圈中是十分普遍的现象。在流体流动体系中 ,流体在岩石裂隙中通过平流、扩散、水动力弥散和动力学弥散等方式进行输运并与岩石发生同位素交换反应。文章首先对封闭体系、“封闭”体系、开放体系以及缓冲体系中的同位素交换模型进行了简单讨论 ,然后在讨论氧同位素动力学交换机制的基础上 ,建立了平衡交换模型和动力学交换模型。结合流体流动的归一化速率、弥散系数和流体岩石的反应速率等变量 ,对流体岩石交换反应的流体运动方程中的Peclet数和Damk¨ohler数进行了讨论 ,并详细解释了它们在流体岩石交换反应过程中的物理意义和地质用途。     

Seasonal variations and mechanism for environmental control of NEE of CO_2 concerning the Potentilla fruticosa in alpine shrub meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The study by the eddy covariance technique in the alpine shrub meadow of the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau in 2003 and 2004 showed that the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) exhibited noticeable diurnal and annual variations, with more distinct daily changes during the warmer seasons. The CO2 emission of the shrub ecosystem culminated in April and September while the CO2 absorption capacity reached a maximum in July and August. The absorbed carbon dioxide during the two consecutive years was 231.4 and 274.8 g CO2·m-2 respectively, yielding an average of 253.1 gCO2·m-2 per year: that accounts for a large proportion of absorbed CO2 in the region. Obviously, the diurnal carbon flux was negatively related to temperature, radiation and other atmospheric factors. Still, minute discrepancies in kurtosis and duration of carbon emission/absorption were detected between 2003 and 2004. It was found that the CO2 flux in the daytime was similarly affected by photosynthetic photon flux density in both years. Temperature appears to be the most important determinant of CO2 flux: specifically, the high temperature during the plant growing season inhibits the carbon absorption capacity. One potential explanation is that soil respiration is enhanced under such condition. Analysis of biomass revealed that the annual net carbon fixed capacity of aboveground and belowground biomass was 544.0 in 2003 and 559.4 g Cm"2 in 2004, which coincided with the NEE absorption capacity (63.1 g C·m-2 in 2003 and 74.9 g C·m-2 in 2004) in the corresponding plant growing season.     

Effect of water stress on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration of a Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia

Many studies on global climate have forecast major changes in the amounts and spatial patterns of precipitation that may significantly affect temperate grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. As a part of ChinaFLUX, eddy covariance flux measurements were made at a semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China during 2003-2004 to quantify the response of carbon exchange to environmental changes. Results showed that gross ecosystem production (FGEP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) of the steppe were significantly depressed by water stress due to lack of precipitation during the growing season. Temperature was the dominant factor affecting FGEP and Reco in 2003, whereas soil moisture imposed a significant influence on both Reco and FGEP in 2004. Under wet conditions, Reco showed an exponentially increasing trend with temperature (Q10 = 2.0), but an apparent reduction in the value of Reco and its temperature sensitivity were observed during the periods of water stress (Q10=1.6). Both heat and water stress can cause decrease in FGEP. The sea-sonality of ecosystem carbon exchange was strongly correlated with the variation of precipitation. With less precipitation in 2003, the steppe sequestrated carbon in June and July, and went into a senescence in early August due to water stress. As compared to 2003, the severe drought during the spring of 2004 delayed the growth of the steppe until late June, and the steppe became a CO2 sink from early July until mid-September, with ample precipitation in August. The semi-arid steppe released a total of 9.7 g C·m-2 from May 16 to the end of September 2003, whereas the net carbon budget during the same period in 2004 was close to zero. Long-term measurements over various grasslands are needed to quantify carbon balance in temperate grasslands.     

高低空急流在闽西北大暴雨过程中的作用及数值模拟

本文对2002年6月14~18日福建西北部地区的连续暴雨~大暴雨过程的诊断及模拟分析表明,在有利的环流背景条件下,高空急流的加强和动量下传,促使低空急流的建立和维持;低空急流的加强则提供了有利暴雨产生的高温高湿的大气条件;高低空急流的适宜配置,产生了动力场的耦合作用,为大暴雨的发生、发展提供了动力条件。