扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构。其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构。通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期。小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义。     

Organic structure and possible origin of ancient charred paddies at Chuodun Site in southern China

A number of ancient charred paddies with a ¹⁴C dating of about 5900 a BP were recovered in the sixth excavation at Chuodun Site and are assigned to the Majiabang culture (7–6 ka BP). To understand their formation mechanism, the ancient charred paddies were compared to modern paddies using FT-IR spectrum and thermaogravimetric analysis. At the same time, modern charred paddies were made in helium by the laboratory method, and the structural characteristics of them and the ancient ones were revealed using CP/MAS-¹³C-NMR. Our results show there are more aromatic moieties in ancient charred paddies compared to modern paddies. The aliphatic components of modern charred paddies decrease continuously, accompanied by the accumulation of aromatic components, when the duration and temperature of oxidation increase, and the structure buildings of modern charred paddies are more similar to ancient ones. Given the planting manner of paddies during Majiabang culture period, these ancient charred paddies might be a result of the original farming mode involving fire. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40571088)     

地幔柱大辩论及如何验证地幔柱假说

目前关于地幔柱存在与否的争论主要集中在地幔柱学说的三个假设上:(1)起源于地球核幔边界缓慢上升的细长柱状热物质流;(2)热点下具有异常高温地幔;(3)地幔柱是相对静止的。这三个方面的验证需要今后深部地球物理探测、岩石学和古地磁等学科的综合运用和进一步的工作。文中认为,地幔柱学说依然能合理地解释地球上一级地质现象,反对地幔柱的学者过分强调了一些小尺度的与地幔柱理论不符的细节,而小尺度地壳特征显然还受到其他许多因素的影响。可以从以下5个方面来鉴别老地幔柱:(1)大规模火山作用前的地壳抬升;(2)放射状岩墙群;(3)火山作用的物理特征;(4)火山链的年代学变化;(5)地幔柱产出岩浆的化学组成。研究表明,峨眉山大火成岩省满足其中的3到4个指标,因此地幔柱是形成峨眉山玄武岩的主要动力学机制。     

遥感技术在郯庐断裂及邻近地区金矿地质调查中的应用

本文提出了郯庐古岛弧-新裂谷式控矿构造系统及"等结性"金矿成矿集中区的新认识，将混合热液型金矿成矿机制概括为"递进叠加三合（和）式"成矿模式，并总结出"六位一体"的遥感地质综合找矿模式，为成矿预测提供了重要依据。文中提出了三类金矿预测区：①第一类，5个金矿成矿区；②第二类，5个金矿远景区；③第三类，4个找矿靶区。     

柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖成盐卤水成分变化及其意义——来自LA-ICP-MS分析石盐流体包裹体组成的证据

一里坪盐湖是柴达木盆地一个以富锂卤水为主的干盐湖,蕴藏有丰富的卤水钾锂资源,目前对成矿过程中卤水的成分及其演变规律方面的研究较少。论文选取一里坪盐湖中部钻孔HC2105岩芯的石盐为主要对象,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子质谱法开展了单个石盐原生流体包裹体成分分析,探讨恢复了一里坪盐湖地区晚更新世以来成盐期的古卤水成分。结果表明,一里坪盐湖下层石盐古卤水Li、B、K等离子浓度均高于上层石盐,这说明晚更新世成矿条件更好。古卤水中Li、B、K和Mg等离子具有正相关性,再结合对Ca离子浓度变化的研究,说明一里坪盐湖的主要物质来源为那棱郭勒河,深部卤水对其物质来源贡献较小;石盐流体包裹体中各离子浓度的演变规律与钻孔沉积韵律以及古气候变化三者基本可以拟合,从而证实盐湖卤水成分变化受到古气候变化的影响,干冷期可能更有利于富锂卤水矿的形成。     

The social impacts of tourism — A case study in Dali,Yunnan province,China

Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province. With its ancient history and natural scenery, it is preserved as one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China. Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983. As a result, English came into the life of the local people. This paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dali people’s attitude toward learning English. Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen, local residents and foreign tourists. Interviews were also given whenever possible. In this study, businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups. One group had their business in “Foreigners’ Street”, which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed. Another group had business in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across “Foreigners’ Street”. The 41 shops and restaurants in “Foreigners’ Street” served mainly foreign visitors, and most of them had English names and advertisements. The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones. Subjects from local residents were mostly young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English. The results of the study showed that the oral English levels became lower from “Foreigners’ Street” to Fuxin Street to local residents, due to declining frequency of contact with foreign people. There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of English, the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists, the willingness and purposes of going on learning English between businessmen in “Foreigners’ Street” and Fuxin Street: people in “Foreigners’ Street” had more positive feedback than those in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to exchange with foreigners in many aspects, which in turn help them to know more about other cultures. On the other hand, Fuxin Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people. Though local residents had nothing to do with foreign tourists, they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected ways. They lived in a place where they saw English advertisement every day. Accordingly, study results showed that they were very much motivated to learn English. They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners’ Street”, though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them. This is an indication that English has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dali. With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist. This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .     

商业化背景下古村落旅游景观生产 ——以安徽宏村为例

以安徽省古村落宏村为例,采用参与式观察和半结构访谈的方法对其旅游景观的生产方式与机制进行研究。结果发现,随着商业化发展,宏村旅游景观生产由原来单一的文物古建保护向更趋复杂化转变,针对3种不同类型的旅游景观采取相应的生产方式。宏村旅游景观生产背后是多种力量参与的生产机制：政府与开发商强强联合,是旅游景观生产的主导力量;当地居民依然扎根宏村,是旅游景观生产的核心灵魂;景区商家热衷于打造“店铺景观”,是旅游景观生产的积极分子;外来游客提出的改进建议则是宏村旅游景观生产的重要参考。4种力量集团本着对各自利益的谋求,彼此间相互合作,影响宏村旅游景观生产的最终结果。最后提出,古村落旅游景观生产需要还原原住居民生活化场景,借旅游商业化发展之势,建立均衡、可持续的景观生产机制与合理的利益分配体系或许是古村落旅游景观生产的正解。     

Lacustrine strata sedimentology and lake-level history in ancient Zhuyeze Lake since the Last Deglaciation

The ancient Zhuyeze Lake lies in the east Hexi corridor of Northwest China and it is the interacting belt of the East Asian summer monsoon and the westerly line. The research on paleoclimate of the lake facilitates the understanding of the processes and mechanism of climate change in Northwest China since the Last Deglaciation. Related researches of this area started in the 1960s, and the research on environment changes has become the “hotspot” during the last 10 years. This paper focuses on four sections (Qingtuhu Section, Xiqu Section, Shakengjing Section, Jiutuoliang Section) in ancient Zhuyeze Lake. Much work was done in spot investigation, section strata comparison, geophysical analyses, geochemical analyses and dependable ¹⁴C dating in order to retrieve the dry-wet history of climate changes in ancient Zhuyeze Lake since the Last Deglaciation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the highest terminal lake level was 1313–1315 m. In Holocene, the highest lake level was 1308–1309 m occurring between 6700–5800 a B.P.. (2) After geophysical and geochemical analyses, high-resolution records of the climate change since the Last Deglaciation were revealed as follows: cold and dry during 15800–13000 a B.P.; cool and wet during 13000–9500 a B.P.; warm and dry during 9500–6700 a B.P.; warm and wet during 6700–4300 a B.P.; cool and wet during 4300–2700 a B.P.; and at last dry during 2700-0 a B.P.. __________ Translated from Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2007, 21(12): 161–169 [译自: 干旱区资源与环境]     

宝泉抽水蓄能电站引水系统上斜井古风化壳地层灌浆处理

宝泉抽水蓄能电站引水系统上斜井开挖揭示,在高程668000～651000 m和高程526000～514000 m处,分别穿过古风化壳地层。古风化壳地层岩石极为破碎,夹泥较多,基岩裂隙发育,地下水丰富,透水率较大。古风化壳地层段地层的灌浆处理,成为斜井开挖能否顺利通过该地层的关键,并且直接影响着电站的安全、稳定运行。针对上述问题,通过采取阻水帷幕、高压固结、锥形帷幕灌浆几种方法联合处理,取得了满意的效果。详细介绍了具体的灌浆处理技术措施,分析了处理效果。