Limit analysis of the stability of slopes reinforced with anchors

An approach based on the category of upper bound theorem of limit analysis is proposed in this article to consider the reinforcing effect of one row of anchors on slope stabilization. The shear strength reduction technique is used in the determination of the safety factor of the slope. The effect of anchor reinforcement is assumed to be an external axial force applied on the slope, and in the formulas of kinematic limit analysis, the work rate done by the anchor can be calculated. So, the stability analysis can be conducted without any assumptions on the acting position and decomposition of the axial force of anchors. Results were compared with those obtained using both the limit equilibrium method and numerical method. A parametric study was carried out to illustrate the effect of anchor orientation and position on slope stabilization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic interaction between the soil and an anchored sheet pile during seismic excitation

A subdomain approach for dynamic soil–structure interaction is proposed for the linear elastic seismic analysis of an anchored sheet pile, retaining a horizontally layered soil on rigid bedrock. A hybrid solution technique is used, employing a finite element formulation for the generalized sheet pile, a thin layer formulation for the soil and a direct stiffness formulation for the tieback; the displacement vectors of the sheet pile and the soil are decomposed, using the eigenmodes of the sheet pile and the propagating or decaying modes in the soil. The discretization can be limited to the interface(s), where pointwise continuity of the displacements is enforced, whereas a weak variational formulation is used for the stress equilibrium. The solution technique is illustrated by means of a numerical example, where the harmonic response of a flexible anchored sheet pile is considered and compared to the case where no tieback is present. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三(明)-福(州)高速公路K196+425～+640段路堑右侧边坡滑坡治理

三(明)-福(州)高速公路三明段为国道G104主干线京-福高速公路在福建省三明市境内的一期工程。是一条在山岭重丘区修建的高速公路。三-福高速公路三明段SA7合同段K196 425~ 640段路堑右侧边坡原设计为6级半高边坡,并在第2和第3级设计了锚索地梁锚固。待施工至第1级时,高边坡产生较大规模滑坡,估计体积约12.5万m3。滑坡产生的主要原因是坡体工程地质和水文地质条件差。其次是源于区内连续降雨。再其次是设计锚固深度不足。后经中铁西北科学研究院论证制定了一套较完整的包括刷方减载、放缓边坡、加宽平台、分台整治、预应力锚索框架加固、仰斜坡体排水孔疏水以及地表完善的截排水系统等综合治理方案。所有加固工程完成后,在该高边坡共布置监测断面6条。至今已分别进行了4次深孔位移监测,并经1a多的检验,治理效果良好。     

Seismic uplift capacity of strip anchors in soil

Uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors in soil embedded under an inclined ground surface has been obtained under seismic conditions. Limit equilibrium approach with logspiral failure surface together with pseudo-static seismic forces has been adopted. The results have been presented in the form of seismic uplift capacity factors as functions of ground inclination, embedment ratio, angle of internal friction of the soil and seismic acceleration coefficients. The uplift capacity factors have been worked out separately for cohesion, surcharge and density components. Effect of the vertical seismic acceleration coefficient has been found to always reduce the uplift capacity whereas the effect of horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient has been found to reduce the uplift capacity in most of the cases. The obtained results of seismic uplift capacity factors are found to be the minimum when compared with the results available in literature on the basis of planar failure surface. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

长江三峡永久船闸高边坡预应力锚索监测

简要介绍了三峡工程永久船闸二期高边坡350 t级预应力锚索监测工程情况。监测结果表明,测力计张拉实测荷载与千斤顶加荷相差率为2.51 %,锁定损失率为2.46 %,锁定后损失率为11.81 %,总损失率为14.45 %。其荷载变化特征可总体归纳为下降稳定性、周期变化性和折线突降性三种类型,群锚效应观测无明显反应。在测力计的标定和安装过程中显示,基座钢垫板的尺寸、刚度及表面加工平整度对测力计的受力状态影响较大。     

锚板在正常固结黏土中的承载力

在岩土工程中,锚板通常被用来提供竖直或水平抗拔力,比如发射塔的基础、板桩墙结构和悬浮式海洋平台的基础。采用弹-塑性有限元方法对正常固结不排水黏土中的条形锚板进行数值分析,以图表形式给出了不同埋深率、不同上拔倾角、不同锚-土黏结形式下条形锚板的承载力系数和周围土体的流动机构,分析了土体自重对锚板承载力的影响,并给出了不同情况下锚板的极限承载力系数。采用基于重新划分网格并插值状态变量的大变形分析方法（RITSS）,分析了正常固结黏土中锚板在连续拔出过程中的承载力变化以及土重对锚-土分离模式的影响。     

Seismic retrofi tting of RC columns with RC jackets and wing walls with different structural details

An original reinforced concrete(RC) column and four strengthened specimens, two with RC jackets and two with wing walls, were tested in this study. The original column specimen was designed to comply with older(pre-1999) design standards so that the usual detailing defi ciencies in existing school buildings in Taiwan could be simulated. Two different structural details were chosen to fabricate the full-scale specimens for each retrofi tting technique. The study confi rmed that either RC jacketing or the installation of wing walls with two different structural details can effectively improve the stiffness and strength of an existing column. RC jacketing shows a better improvement in energy dissipation and ductility when compared to the columns with wing walls installed. This is because the two RC jacketed columns experienced a fl exural failure, while a shear failure was found in the two columns with the wing walls installed, and thus led to a drastic decrease of the maximum lateral strengths and ductility. Since many factors may affect the installation of a post-installed anchor, it is better to use standard hooks to replace post-installed anchors in some specifi c points when using RC jacketing or installing wing walls.     

Developments, expectations of wave energy converters and mooring anchors in the UK

The paper introduces the important developments of Wave Energy Converters （WECs） in the UK, and the generic anchor types for WECs and similar structures. Several WECs and their characteristics are introduced to explain the development direction. The anchors are discussed in relation to the behaviour and performance of WECs, and comparisons are made with similar aspects of the offshore industry. Typical and desirable features of anchors for WECs are summarized. Additionally, expectations and research suggestions for WECs and their anchor design are presented.     

框架锚杆支护黄土边坡大型振动台模型试验研究

设计并完成了相似比为1:10的框架锚杆支护黄土边坡的大型振动台模型试验,通过加载不同波型、加速度峰值和持时的地震波,探讨了地震作用下模型边坡的动力响应规律,并对框架锚杆支护结构的抗震性能进行了评价。试验结果表明：框架锚杆支护结构加固黄土边坡的抗震效果是显著的,在进行框架锚杆支护结构抗震设计时需要输入不同的地震波来验证其可靠性。框架锚杆支护结构作用下,黄土边坡对地震波具有明显的滤波作用和频谱放大作用,边坡加速度响应具有临空面放大作用和垂直放大作用,随着输入地震波峰值的增大,PGA放大系数呈减小趋势,在地震输入加速度峰值较小的情况下,加速度响应出现“衰减”现象;在框架锚杆支护下,黄土边坡的位移得到了有效的约束,动土压力分布曲线呈现“双曲线型”变化,动土压力大小沿高程方向从坡脚至坡顶呈倒三角形分布。试验结果可为框架锚杆支护结构加固黄土边坡的抗震设计提供一定的参考。     

双滑块边坡锚固系统时变可靠性分析

考虑锚杆锚固段从岩体中拔出、拉杆拉断、拉杆从注浆体中拔出等失效模式,利用系统可靠性原理和极限平衡分析方法,并基于Monte-Carlo抽样原理提出双滑块岩质边坡锚固系统破坏概率的直接求解方法。同时考虑锚杆钢筋的腐蚀与软弱滑动面抗剪强度c、? 的时变性,建立了考虑锚杆多失效模式双滑块岩质边坡锚固系统的时变可靠性模型。算例计算结果表明：软弱滑动面上的强度参数c、? 的时变性和注浆体与围岩之间的抗力时变性对锚固系统的破坏概率的影响较大,而锚杆的腐蚀对锚固系统破坏概率的影响不明显。