山东东营凹陷南坡地区沙四段纯下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制因素探讨*

碳酸盐岩滩坝是断陷湖盆中一种重要的沉积类型。文章通过对古气候、古地貌、古物源、古水深和古盐度等因素对碳酸盐岩滩坝形成与分布控制作用进行研究,总结出了“古气候是基础,古地貌和古物源是条件,古水深是关键,古盐度是保障”是东营凹陷南坡地区沙河街组四段纯下亚段碳酸盐岩滩坝的“五古”控制模式。较干旱的温热适中的古气候条件下蒸发作用较强,有利于湖相碳酸盐岩的形成;水下隆起及其斜坡是碳酸盐岩滩坝沉积的有利场所,较低的碎屑岩物源供给指数为碳酸盐岩的发育提供了良好的环境;3～32m左右的古水深是碳酸盐岩发育的主要深度;古盐度为碳酸盐岩的沉积提供了物质保障,在一定程度上控制了白云岩和石灰岩的分布。采用主因素分析法对碳酸盐岩的控制因素进行了排序,古地貌对碳酸盐岩发育的控制作用最大,其次为古物源和古水深,古盐度的控制作用最小。     

青岛汇泉湾海滩剖面变化特征

在海滩地形测量的基础上,分析了汇泉湾前滨海滩剖面沙坝、沟槽的短时间尺度变化特征。研究结果表明,2005年3～11月．海滩剖面沙坝顶沟槽底相对高度均变小,沙坝顶部宽度出现不同程度的变宽或变窄现象;在西北侧前滨海滩上,沟槽最底部淤高0．1-0．35m,沟槽轴线向陆移动距离较大,为17．5-3．5m,沙坝顶部淤高0～0．2m,沙坝顶部轴线向陆移动0～42．25m。而东南部前滨海滩上,大部分剖面沙坝顶被削平蚀低0．1-0．2m,沙坝项部轴线向海移动7～23．75m。在海滩西北部和中部的前滨海滩上,2005年11月沟槽最底部轴线到高潮线的距离为44～58m,沙坝顶轴线到高潮线的距离为63．75-98．5m。     

射阳港拦门沙航道整治工程建设前后水沙特征分析

为研究工程区海域水沙特征的时空分布、运动规律,采用不同时期的现场水文泥沙资料,对射阳港拦门沙航道工程建设前后的水流、含沙量、悬沙粒径和底质特征进行了对比分析。研究表明:射阳港一期航道工程建设后航道内潮波发生变形,涨潮流速大、历时短;落潮流速小、历时长,进入到航道内泥沙很难被带出航道,容易导致航道淤积。工程区海域整体含沙量较大,一期工程建设后导堤内涨潮含沙量明显增大,口门净输沙向口内,通过口门进入到航道的高含沙水体是航道淤积的重要沙源之一。导堤间边滩表层存在部分淤泥,且具有一定流动性,在水流及自身重力作用下,边滩淤泥可归入航道内。     

单孔复合型锚索单元锚固段受力测试新方法及实践

在边坡防护及滑坡治理工程中单孔复合型锚索获得了越来越广泛的应用。基于滑坡工程实例中的锚索抗拔试验,设计了一种既可获得锚索抗拔力和预应力损失,又可实现对单孔复合型锚索单元锚固段进行受力测试的装置,其原理是通过直接测定锚索中的单束钢绞线受力而获得锚索受力,详细地介绍了该装置的设计实现。利用这种新型的测试方法于某滑坡锚固工程验明了可行性,测试结果为相应地质条件下的锚索设计方案和锚索施工提供了直接依据,亦具有工程应用和参考价值     

长江口与杭州湾的泥沙与河床演变对上海港及其通海航道建设的影响

在长江口与杭州湾泥沙和河床演变研究的基础上,对上海港的选址与建设及上海港通海航道的治理与利用,提出了新的设想。     

非满配重水钻井井壁筒竖向结构稳定的理论研究

提出了国内广泛采用的悬浮下沉井壁钻井施工法有其深度极限的观点。分析了泥浆中的井壁筒在加入配重水（非满水）后井壁底接触岩石时的受力状态;结合国内悬浮下沉井壁钻井法的工艺特点,建立了泥浆中的井壁筒为有底管状自重压杆的力学模型;以能量法为基础,利用结构稳定理论和流体力学理论原理,推导了非满配重水井壁筒竖向结构稳定临界高度的解析式,并给出了典型算例;强调了工程设计中利用该公式的注意事项,并指出进一步研究这一问题的内容和方法。     

潜堤后高阶自由谐波的研究

基于高阶边界元方法的完全非线性数值水槽模型模拟潜堤地形上波浪的传播变形,通过与实验值进行比较,考察数学模型的正确性.采用两点法分离得到堤后高倍频自由波来研究入射波参数、水深对堤后高倍频自由波的影响.研究发现:基频波、二阶和三阶自由波幅值分别与入射波波幅成线性、二次和三次函数关系,基频波幅值基本不随波浪周期变化,而二阶和...     

局部锈蚀矩形RC墩重度震损后加固试验研究

为探究局部锈蚀矩形截面钢筋混凝土（RC）桥墩重度震损加固后的抗震性能,本文对拟静力破坏后的6个矩形截面RC桥墩试件进行扩大截面加固。通过加载试验,对加固桥墩试件从破坏形态、滞回特性、水平承载力、位移延性、侧向刚度以及耗能等方面进行了系统分析。结果表明:相比于普通箍筋,横向施加预应力的改进扩大截面加固方式对破坏后桥墩试件的抗震性能修复成效更佳;在同等位移幅值下,锈蚀率不断增大,桥墩试件抗震性能呈现逐渐降低的趋势;钢筋锈蚀位置上移,加固后桥墩试件的抗震性能提升;轴压比加大,加固后桥墩试件承载力和侧向刚度增大,但延性降低。     

Morphodynamic response of a meso- to macro-tidal intermediate beach based on a long-term data set

Four years of bi-monthly topographic surveys have been conducted on a 350 m stretch of the meso- to macro-tidal Truc Vert beach, France. Here we study the dynamics of both the inner bar and the upper part of the beach where a berm can develop in the presence of fair weather conditions. For the inner bar, the occurrences of the different states within the intermediate classification, following that of Wright and Short (Wright, L.D., Short, A.D. 1984. Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches: a synthesis. Marine Geology 56, 93–118), are presented and compared to other sites in both micro- and meso-tidal environments. The results show a similar frequency of occurrence of the Transverse Bar and Rip (TBR) state, while the more dissipative states, Rhythmic Bar and Beach (RBB) and Longshore Bar and Trough (LBT), are less regularly observed despite the high wave energy levels. The LBT and RBB states are also observed in the presence of fair weather conditions and the TBR state can persist during very energetic events. Similar results are also observed with the upper beach dynamics. Very energetic events are not necessarily associated with erosion while and low-energy events are not necessarily accompanied by accretion. The conditions given here indicate, that berm development occurs preferentially when the beach morphology exhibits a TBR or a LTT state. Apart from the control exerted by offshore wave conditions, the beach state and berm development patterns exhibited by Truc Vert beach are also discussed within the framework of possible morphological (morphodynamic) feedback and of the influence of the meso- to macrotidal range which modulates the type, intensity and duration of the wave processes operating on the cross-shore profile.     

The formation of offshore ripples in the zone under irregular waves

In this article, results obtained from an experimental investigation conducted to determine the wave-induced geometric characteristics of offshore ripples and bars are presented. The experiments were performed using irregular waves. Natural beach sand was used in the study, where the mean diameter was 0.35 mm and the specific gravity was 2.63. The initial slope of the beach was 1:5. Different wave groups were generated over the initially flat beach, and a number of characteristics were determined. These include the ripple number, individual and average ripple heights, individual and average ripple lengths and the length of the offshore bar. The results of the experimental study were evaluated and empirical expressions based on the results were formulated.