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61.
我国是采煤大国,大多数煤矿以井工开采为主,煤矿巷道掘进和支护的工程量很大,巷道支护钻孔施工需要消耗大量锚杆钻头,锚杆钻头的设计和制造技术也得到了快速发展。介绍了锚杆钻头的发展和应用现状,对我国煤矿现用的锚杆钻头的技术特点、适用性进行了分析,并结合煤矿巷道支护的实际需求,提出了施工硬岩和复杂地层时锚杆钻头存在的问题,最后从锚杆钻头设计、加工工艺等方面,阐述了锚杆钻头的发展趋势。 相似文献
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This paper outlines the development as well as implementation of a numerical procedure for coupled finite element analysis of dynamic problems in geomechanics, particularly those involving large deformations and soil-structure interaction. The procedure is based on Biot’s theory for the dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media. The nonlinear behaviour of the solid phase of the soil is represented by either the Mohr Coulomb or Modified Cam Clay material model. The interface between soil and structure is modelled by the so-called node-to-segment contact method. The contact algorithm uses a penalty approach to enforce constraints and to prevent rigid body interpenetration. Moreover, the contact algorithm utilises a smooth discretisation of the contact surfaces to decrease numerical oscillations. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme preserves the quality and topology of the finite element mesh throughout the numerical simulation. The generalised-α method is used to integrate the governing equations of motion in the time domain. Some aspects of the numerical procedure are validated by solving two benchmark problems. Subsequently, dynamic soil behaviour including the development of excess pore-water pressure due to the fast installation of a single pile and the penetration of a free falling torpedo anchor are studied. The numerical results indicate the robustness and applicability of the proposed method. Typical distributions of the predicted excess pore-water pressures generated due to the dynamic penetration of an object into a saturated soil are presented, revealing higher magnitudes of pore pressure at the face of the penetrometer and lower values along the shaft. A smooth discretisation of the contact interface between soil and structure is found to be a crucial factor to avoid severe oscillations in the predicted dynamic response of the soil. 相似文献
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Plate anchors are extensively used in civil engineering constructions as they provide an economical alternative to gravity and other embedded anchors. The rate of loading is one of the important factors that affects the magnitude of soil resistance as well as soil suction force. This article outlines the effect of pullout rate on uplift behavior of plate anchors (70 mm diameter) buried in soft saturated clay by varying the pullout rate from 1.4 mm/min to 21.0 mm/min. The variation of breakout force and suction force with embedment depth and rate of pull are presented. A correlation between the rate of increase of undrained strength of clay and anchor capacity with rate of strain has been established. Finally an empirical equation has been proposed that includes the rate of pull in the estimation of breakout capacity of anchors. 相似文献
66.
无锡新区科技交流中心G区部分屋盖采用刚性圆形屋面空间索穹顶结构,该结构体系由上弦脊索、下弦斜索、环索、压杆、外环受压环及内环刚性拉力环构成,为肋环型索穹顶结构体系。索穹顶结构平面为圆形,屋面覆盖材料采用铝板和玻璃结合的刚性屋面,刚性屋面与下部索穹顶结构体系结合,是目前国内第一个空间索穹顶结构实例。施工方法可供类似工程参考。 相似文献
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锚杆从锚固方式上可划分两种:端部锚固方式和全长锚固方式。全长锚固锚杆作为工程支护中的一种重要锚杆类型,具有广泛的应用前景。非连续变形分析(DDA)以及在此基础上发展的非连续变形的岩石断裂分析(DDARF)方法中锚杆为端锚形式,且只考虑了锚杆的轴向作用,而忽略了锚杆作用力对锚固岩体的侧向限制。为了更好地理解锚杆的支护机制,考虑锚杆的剪切作用,提出了DDARF中一种新的锚固形式--全长剪切锚杆支护形式。用改进的全长剪切锚杆支护方法对一公路隧道稳定性进行了分析,并与端锚支护形式进行了对比,结果表明,提出的全长剪切锚杆支护方法是有效的,锚固效果比端锚支护更好。 相似文献
70.
Gravity installed anchors (GIAs) are the most recent generation of anchoring solutions to moor floating facilities for deepwater oil and gas developments. Challenges associated with GIAs include predicting the initial embedment depth and evaluating the keying performance of the anchor. The former involves high soil strain rate due to large anchor penetration velocity, while the later influences the subsequent behavior and pullout capacity of the anchor. With the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method, three-dimensional large deformation finite element models are established to investigate the penetration and keying of GIAs in non-homogeneous clay. In the penetration model, a modified Tresca soil model is adopted to allow the effects of soil strain rate and strain softening, and user-defined hydrodynamic drag force and frictional resistance are introduced via concentrated forces. In the keying model, the anchor line effects are incorporated through a chain equation, and the keying, diving and pulling out behaviors of the anchor can all be replicated. Parametric studies are undertaken at first to quantify the effects of various factors on the performance of GIAs, especially on the penetration and keying behaviors. Based on the results of parametric studies, fitted formulae are proposed to give a quick evaluation of the anchor embedment depth after the installation, and the shackle horizontal displacement, shackle embedment loss and anchor inclination at the end of the keying. Comparative studies are also performed to verify the effectiveness of the fitted formulae. 相似文献