南乔治亚岛2016 年冬季大风天气特征分析

南乔治亚岛大风天气较为频繁, 天气形势复杂多变。通过对2016 年冬季的随船观测, 结合地面天气 图分析得出, 随船观测期间所有大风天气都由气旋直接或间接造成, 共归纳出3 种造成南乔治亚岛大风的 天气形势: 单一气旋型, 北高南低型和西高东低型。单一气旋型持续时间较短。北高南低型持续时间较长, 对南极磷虾渔船作业影响最大。西高东低型持续时间最短, 往往是鞍型气压场东移造成, 风急浪大, 且风向 与常年西风不同, 需特别注意渔船避风避浪方式。     

洞庭湖生态经济区生态服务供需平衡研究

基于洞庭湖生态经济区土地覆被类型和土地利用现状,测算并研究区域内供给服务、调节服务、支持服务和文化服务及生态服务总量供给的价值当量;根据国家相关建设指标规定和人均资源消耗量,估算各项生态服务需求量价值当量;进而对区域内生态服务的供—需盈亏状态进行分析。结果表明：① 洞庭湖生态经济区各项生态服务及生态服务总量供需状况良好,供需比均大于1.2;② 不同生态服务供需状况存在差异,支持服务（1.46）>调节服务（1.44）>供给服务（1.39）>文化服务（1.28）;③ 供需比在空间上整体呈现“四周高中间低”的分布模式,北侧荆州供需比偏低;④ 城乡供需状况差异显著。本次研究囿于行政边界,基于自然边界的供需状况研究有待深入。     

斜拉桥索塔施工线形检测方法研究

斜拉桥是一种采用强度很大的拉索将主梁直接拉在稳定的索塔上,组成一个组合受力体系的桥梁。索塔作为整个斜拉桥的主要受力构件,对施工和测量的精度要求很高,为了保证索塔的施工质量,需要对索塔的线形进行检测。本文在参阅大量文献的基础上,结合大桥索塔的工程实践,采用最小二乘法进行平面拟合得到索塔表面的平面方程,再通过两个对应的平面求交得到所需要的索塔线形,最后利用Matlab对索塔线形进行三维建模得到所需要的三维模型。通过对三维模型与设计线形进行对比分析,得到索塔的实际线形与设计线形的偏差,达到检测索塔线形的目的。     

What explains public support for climate policies? A review of empirical and experimental studies

The lack of broad public support prevents the implementation of effective climate policies. This article aims to examine why citizens support or reject climate policies. For this purpose, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of empirical and experimental research on public attitudes and preferences that has emerged in the last few years. The various factors influencing policy support are divided into three general categories: (1) social-psychological factors and climate change perception, such as the positive influences of left-wing political orientation, egalitarian worldviews, environmental and self-transcendent values, climate change knowledge, risk perception, or emotions like interest and hope; (2) the perception of climate policy and its design, which includes, among others, the preference of pull over push measures, the positive role of perceived policy effectiveness, the level of policy costs, as well as the positive effect of perceived policy fairness and the recycling of potential policy revenues; (3) contextual factors, such as the positive influence of social trust, norms and participation, wider economic, political and geographical aspects, or the different effects of specific media events and communications. Finally, we discuss the findings and provide suggestions for future research.

Policy relevance

Public opinion is a significant determinant of policy change in democratic countries. Policy makers may be reluctant to implement climate policies if they expect public opposition. This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the various factors influencing public responses to climate policy proposals. Most of the studied factors include perceptions about climate change, policy and its attributes, all of which are amenable to intervention. The acquired insights can thus assist in improving policy design and communication with the overarching objective to garner more public support for effective climate policy.     

拖曳锚在海床中运动特性的大变形有限元分析

拖曳锚由于其承载性能和深水中便于安装被广泛应用于海洋工程系泊系统中,如:适用于悬链式系泊系统的传统拖曳锚和适用于绷紧式系泊系统的法向承力锚。拖曳锚安装过程中涉及诸多运动特性:锚板运动方向、系缆点处拖曳力和拖曳角及运动轨迹。基于大变形有限元分析技术耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日法,并引入缆绳方程,建立起锚-缆绳-海床土耦合作用的有限元分析模型;模拟了拖曳锚在均质和线性强度黏土中的嵌入安装过程,研究了锚板运动方向、系缆点处拖曳力和拖曳角及运动轨迹等运动特性;通过与已有的有限元分析方法及理论方法进行对比,验证了该分析模型的有效性;与已有的有限元分析方法相比,提出的分析模型有效地提高了计算效率。     

Pullout Capacity of Horizontally Loaded Suction Anchor Installed in Silty Sand

Current floating structures require more reliable and higher anchoring capacities because of their increased size. A suction anchor is one of the most popular anchors for a floating system. In this study, the behavior of a suction anchor installed in cohesionless soil was investigated when the anchor was subjected to mainly a horizontal load. Three-dimensional finite element numerical analyses were carried out using ABAQUS, and three centrifuge tests were performed to calibrate the numerical analyses. A parametric study with different dimensions and loading points for the suction anchor was conducted. The horizontal capacity of the suction anchor was estimated, and the soil reaction distribution was analyzed when the load was applied at the optimal point. Based on the results, an analytical equation for calculating the horizontal capacity of a suction anchor was proposed that can be easily adopted for design.     

居民地要素化简的形状识别与模板匹配方法

针对居民地要素的分布和表达具有典型模板化特点,本文通过对其形状结构和区域环境进行分析,运用形态抽象概括和区域环境典型化基本原则构建一批模板作为居民地目标化简与典型化表达的候选形状,并基于转角函数的形状描述算子,计算居民地目标与模板之间的相似性程度。该方法从形状认知的角度出发,通过寻找与目标形状结构特征相似的模板替换原目标来完成化简操作,能较好地保持居民地目标的整体形状结构特征,同时兼顾了综合前后的面积均衡。通过真实数据进行试验,结果表明该方法具有较强的可靠性和实用性,可规模化应用于地形图上的地图综合实践。     

直线特征的多层次仿射不变匹配方法研究

针对直线两侧表面视差非连续、影像几何变形大等问题,提出了一种直线特征的多层次、仿射不变匹配方法。首先利用核线几何、相对方位、重叠距离、长度比等约束条件确定候选直线,根据仿射不变参数纠正直线支撑窗口并计算两侧邻域灰度加权相似性,得到线特征两侧表面视差连续情况下的直线匹配结果,并利用左右双向一致性检验剔除错误匹配;然后对未匹配直线采用顾及线特征两侧表面视差不连续的单侧邻域灰度加权相似性准则和双向一致性检验得到最终匹配结果。不同纹理类型的倾斜立体影像数据验证了方法的有效性,为倾斜立体影像直线特征匹配提供了一种可行的思路。     

The socio-environmental data explorer (SEDE): a social media–enhanced decision support system to explore risk perception to hazard events

ABSTRACT

Social media are increasingly recognized as a useful data source for understanding social response to hazard events in real time and in post-event analysis. This article establishes social media–enhanced decision support systems (SME-DSS) as a synergistic integration of social media and decision support systems (DSSs) to provide structured access to native, near real-time data from a large and diverse population to assess social response to social, environmental, and technological risk and hazard events. We introduce a prototype SME-DSS entitled socio-environmental data explorer (SEDE) to explore the opportunities and challenges of leveraging social media for decision support. We use a winter storm during 25–28 January 2015 that accumulated record amounts of snow along the East Coast of the United States as a case study to evaluate SEDE in helping assess social response to environmental risk and hazard events as well as evaluate social media as a theoretical component within the social amplification of risk framework (SARF) that serves as a theoretical foundation for SME-DSS.     

地方高校遥感课程多元立体化支持教学模式探索

在教育部门引导地方高校转型发展的背景下,通过调查研究贵州工程应用技术学院遥感课程教学现状及学生学习特点,分析我校遥感课程在教学过程中遇到的问题,结合笔者教学实践对"多元立体化支持"下的遥感课程教学模式进行探索实验,取得了较好的教学效果,为地方高校转型发展中应用型、复合型人才的培养提供借鉴和参考。