内蒙古苏左旗地区晚古生代构造—岩浆活动及地壳演化特征

华北地台北缘内蒙古中部地区晚古生代前发生过造山后伸展作用，在晚泥盆世－早石炭世，本区经厅了短暂的造山作用，形成前陆盆地并推积了滨浅 海相磨拉石建造，同时伴有同碰撞期花岗岩产生。中石炭世一早二叠世，本区进入造山后的陆内伸展作用阶段，并发育大量火山岩。火山岩碱质含量高，碱质成分中Na2O>K2O，且显示双峰分布特征；碎屑岩成分熟度和结构熟度降低，表明中石炭世一早=叠世本区进人陆内伸展构造发育阶段。     

Paleogene crustal anatexis and metamorphism in Lhasa terrane, eastern Himalayan syntaxis: Evidence from U-Pb zircon ages and Hf isotopic compositions of the Nyingchi Complex

In the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, the southern Lhasa terrane is dominated by middle- to high-grade metamorphic rocks (Nyingchi Complex), which are intruded by felsic melts. U-Pb zircon dating and zircon Hf isotopic composition of these metamorphic and magmatic rocks provide important constraints on the tectono-thermal evolution of the Lhasa terrane during convergent process between Indian and Asian continents. U-Pb zircon data for an orthogneiss intruding the Nyingchi Complex yield a protolith magma crystallization age of 83.4 ± 1.2 Ma, with metamorphic ages of 65-46 Ma. This orthogneiss is characterized by positive ε_Hf (t) values of + 8.3 and young Hf model ages of ~ 0.6 Ga, indicating a derivation primarily from a depleted-mantle or juvenile crustal source. Zircons from a quartz diorite yield a magma crystallization age of 63.1 ± 0.6 Ma, with ε_Hf (t) values of − 8.2 to − 2.7, suggesting that this magma was sourced from partial melting of older crustal materials. Zircon cores from a foliated biotite granite show ages ranging from 347 to 2690 Ma, with age peaks at 347-403 Ma, 461-648 Ma and 1013-1183 Ma; their zircon ε_Hf (t) values range from − 30.6 to + 6.9. Both the U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition of the zircon cores are similar to those of detrital zircons from the Nyingchi Complex paragneiss, implying that the granite was derived from anatexis of the Nyingchi Complex metasediments. The zircon rims from the granite indicate crustal anatexis at 64.4 ± 0.7 Ma and subsequent metamorphism at 55.1 ± 1.3 and 41.4 ± 2.3 Ma. Our results suggest that the late Cretaceous magmatism in the southern Lhasa terrane resulted from Neo-Tethys oceanic slab subduction and we infer that Paleocene crustal anatexis and metamorphism were related to the thermal perturbation caused by rollback of the northward subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab.     

Orthopyroxene-bearing, mafic migmatites at Cone Peak, California: evidence for the formation of migmatitic granulites by anatexis in an open system

Abstract Orthopyroxene-bearing migmatites, exposed at the summit of Cone Peak in the Santa Lucia Range, California, offer an opportunity to explore potential links between granulite facies metamorphism and migmatite formation. Geothermobarometry indicates that the metamorphic temperatures and pressures were in the approximate ranges of 700–750° C and 7.0–7.5 kbar. The rocks at the summit comprise three domains: relatively coarse-grained, leucocratic veins; relatively fine-grained, biotite-enriched zones at the margins of the veins; and a biotite–hornblende-bearing host rock. Orthopyroxene is concentrated in the veins, which have also the highest ratio of anhydrous to hydrous minerals of the three rock types. The composition of the veins, together with their textures and modes, suggest that they formed through anatexis involving a dehydration-melting reaction which consumed hornblende and produced orthopyroxene. Variability in mineralogy and composition indicates that there was some local migration of magma along the veins before their final solidification. The biotite-enriched zones formed either by the concentration of residual biotite at the margins of the vein, or through the metasomatic conversion of hornblende (and/or pyroxene) to biotite, or by a combination of the two processes. Significant differences in the chemistry of the neosome (vein + biotite-enriched zone) and the host rock rule out simple dehydration melting in a local closed system. The model that explains best the mineralogical and chemical patterns involves triggering of melting by an influx of a low- a _H2O mixed fluid which added K and Si to and removed Ca from the neosome.     

闽西北加里东期混合岩及花岗岩的成因:同变形地壳深熔作用

本文选取闽西北前寒武纪变质基底中的混合岩和花岗岩为研究对象,以探讨两者之间的成因联系.详细的岩石学和主量、微量元素地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,闽西北混合岩是同变形地壳深熔作用的产物,基底变质岩中的黑云母在较低温(约800℃)、H2O不饱和的条件下发生脱水熔融反应产生熔体,构造变形作用在熔体的分离和迁移过程中起到了重要作用.闽西北基底变质岩可能为形成混合岩和花岗岩的源岩,其深熔产生的初始熔体发生结晶分异作用,堆晶产物形成了混合岩的浅色体,而残余熔体继续演化形成花岗岩.混合岩和相关花岗岩形成基本同时,其成岩年龄为437～441Ma.它们均为华南加里东期构造热事件的产物.     

区域岩石圈组成和热状态对岩浆作用和成矿的制约——以秦巴地区为例

遵循区域岩石圈系统的组成和状态制约区域各类地质—地球化学作用过程的性质和特征,以及各类地质—地球化学过程引起的物质分异和循环反映区域岩石圈发展和演化的构想,分析了秦巴地壳的化学和岩石组成特征及岩石圈的高热流状态,并据之阐明秦巴花岗岩类多具有Ⅰ型和Ⅰ—S混合型特征及该区缺乏与花岗岩类有关的典型岩浆期后热液矿床的原因,同时由该区花岗岩类岩石多具有黑云母组合和角闪石组合脱水熔融特征,揭示了多数花岗岩浆形成的较高熔融程度及有大量未经风化沉积旋回的岩浆岩加入了岩浆的源区,从而为秦巴上、下地壳化学成分差异小、物质分异弱找到了较合理的解释。本例表明在区域成岩和成矿研究中,区域岩石圈组成和状态的分析具有重要意义。     

藏南确当地区高Sr/Y比值二云母花岗岩的形成机制及其构造动力学意义

最近的研究表明,喜马拉雅造山带普遍经历了大于30Ma的高温变质和部分熔融作用,形成了不同规模的混合岩或花岗岩。厘定这些地壳深熔岩浆的地球化学性质及其形成机理对于深化认识大型碰撞造山带的岩浆作用及其构造物理效应具有重要意义。在雅拉香波穹隆核部及其南部发育一系列类似的二云母花岗岩岩体,其中确当花岗岩侵入到二叠纪(?)复理石地层内。全岩地球化学测试结果表明,确当花岗岩具有与雅拉香波花岗岩、打拉花岗岩类似的特征,即①高SiO2(68.2%~69.3%)和铝(Al2O3>15.14%),低铁(TFeO<2.0%)和镁(MgO<1.5%),为富钠过铝质花岗岩;②富集LREE,亏损HREE,平坦的Ho到Lu稀土元素分布样式(Ho/Yb)N=1.2~1.4),无或微弱Eu负异常(Eu/Eu?=0.9~1.0);③较低的Y(<8.1×10-6)和 Yb(<0.7×10-6)含量,较高的Sr/Y(>37.5)和La/Yb(>29.3)比值。这些特征表明,确当花岗岩是以角闪岩为主和变泥质岩为辅组成的源区发生部分熔融的结果。     

A study on the relationships between metamorphic anatexis and petrogenesis and mineralization

Metamorphic processes are closely associated with the formation and evolution of the crust and highly related to petrogenesis and mineralization processes. Dynamic systematic analysis indicates that regional metamorphism-migmatization-metamorphic anatexis process is a temperature-pressure progressive process. Metamorphic anatexis process is a critical part with its unique pressure/temperature and thermodynamic, dynamic and geochemical characteristics. The concept of metamorphic anatexis system (MAS) introduced by the author includes the essential factors of material resources, energy resources, process format, material transportation and concentration, occurring time and location. Based on the essential factors of MAS, metamorphic anatexis process-related granitic rocks and deposit cases are discussed on their petrogenesis and/or mineralizaion mechanisms. The discussion points out that granites in the Ailaoshan and Yunkai metamorphic zones are of metamorphic anatexis origin. The genesis of pegmatite ore deposits in metamorphic zones and shear zone gold deposits in shear zones are highly related to metamorphic anatexis process. The study of metamorphism process involved in ore formation and material transport is a hot subject concerned by the international geological circles. Thorough investigations into the relationships between metamorphic anatexis and petrogenesis-meneralization processes are of great importance not only in geological theory, but also in industrial practice.     

The generation of quartz-normative melts and corundum-bearing restites by crustal anatexis: petrogenetic modelling based on an example from the Lewisian of North-West Scotland

Abstract Rare layers of an aluminous, muscovite-rich rock from the Lewisian Complex at Stoer, North-West Scotland, display evidence which suggests that the rock has undergone local partial melting to form quartz-bearing veins and a corundum-bearing restite. The assemblages observed in these rocks match those predicted by modelling in the system KAlO₂-NaAlO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O (KNASH) where certain bulk compositions melt peritectically to give corundum-bearing restites and quartz-normative melts. Study of the model system shows that the observed parageneses could have formed from a range of bulk compositions with a variety of possible values of a H₂O which could have been internally or externally buffered. The KNASH petrogenetic grid, together with another in the system CaO-Na₂O-FeO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O (CNFASH), allows the P–T path of the rocks to be delineated and an estimate to be made of the conditions at the peak of metamorphism as > 11 kbar and 900-925°C. This estimate is in agreement with P–T estimates using thermobarometric methods on adjacent lithologies: The activity of H₂O in the system throughout metamorphism is calculated to have been >0.3.     

喂子坪秦岭杂岩麻粒岩相变沉积岩的变质作用p-T演化及其构造意义

秦岭杂岩位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带,是研究秦岭造山带早古生代构造演化的重要岩石构造单元。喂子坪地区发育有典型的秦岭杂岩,其中的混合岩是由变沉积岩经历了强烈的深熔作用形成的。本研究对其进行了岩相学、变质相平衡模拟和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,以深入揭示它们的变质温压演化特征,进而阐明它们指示的构造意义。混合岩的中色体由含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩组成。含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩只记录了峰期变质矿物组合,为镁铁闪石+石榴子石+斜长石+石英+黑云母+钛铁矿+熔体,而含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩记录了3个变质演化阶段,分别是早期进变质阶段（M1）：黑云母+斜长石+石英; 峰期变质阶段（M2）：镁铁闪石+石榴子石+斜长石+石英+黑云母+钛铁矿+熔体; 退变质阶段（M3）：普通角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+石英+熔体。全岩成分视剖面图模拟计算显示含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩压力峰期的变质温压条件分别为790~810℃/990~1 040 MPa和840~862℃/1 000~1 190 MPa。含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩3组局部矿物组合域成分视剖面图模拟计算得到压力峰期后变质阶段的温压条件为735~814℃/400~810 MPa、721~794℃/430~700 MPa、740~810℃/470~780 MPa。因此,本研究揭示了喂子坪地区秦岭杂岩片麻岩记录了近等温降压的p-T轨迹。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年得到含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和2个浅色体样品中的变质锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄分别为383.2±7.0 Ma、400±3.6 Ma和406.7±7.8 Ma。结合已发表的数据,喂子坪地区变沉积岩麻粒岩相峰期变质作用和强烈的混合岩化作用的时代约为410~390 Ma,而约380 Ma的年龄可能代表退变质冷却到固相线的时代。片麻岩近等温降压的变质演化轨迹指示喂子坪地区秦岭杂岩的变沉积岩在下地壳经历了麻粒岩相变质作用和随后的快速抬升,与碰撞造山引起的地壳增厚和随后的地壳伸展有关。     

REE Geochemistry of Some Metamorphic Rock Types of the Late Archean Fuping Group and Their Anatectic Derivatives in Pingshan,Hebei Province,China—A Preliminary Study

The Late Archean Fuping Group of the Xiaojiao area in Pingshan Couty,Hebei Province consists mainly of three metamorphic rock types of supracrustal affinity,i.e.,Kfeldspar leucoleptite,biotite leptite-gneiss and hornblendic rocks.Their anatectic derivatives formed in the initial stage of anatexis are petrochemically of K-feldspar granitic trondhjemitic and granodioritic compositions respectively,and in general have inherted the main petrochemical featurews from their parent rock types,Probably due to the fact that they contain less REE rich accessory minerals as compared with their parent rocks,the anatectic derivatives are in general lower in EREE content,But both the derivatives and their parent rocks have similar REE patterns,which serves as an additional indication of the genetic relationship between them.