长江九江段40年来河道演变的DEM研究

利用地理信息系统(GIS)与数字高程模型(DEM)技术,模拟了40年来长江九江段的冲淤过程,结果表明:1963-1972年,总体表现为淤积,淤积量为650.5万m3,平均淤积速率为65万m3/a。1972-2002年,总体表现为冲刷,冲刷量为2072万m3,平均年冲刷率为103.6万m3/a。1963-2002年,九江河床总体表现为冲刷,冲刷量为1497.7万m3。2003年与1963年比较,河床淤积区域主要在长江九江上段的近南岸区域、中下段的中间区域;冲刷区域主要在长江九江上段的中间及近北岸区域、中下段两岸的近岸区域。长江九江河段40年的演变是河床的边界条件、上下游来水来沙及人类活动耦合的结果。中下段南岸的不断刷深和南偏对九江的防洪带来更大的压力。     

时态GIS的面向过程语义与HAS表达框架

分析认为时空过程语义兼具连续体和偶发体的双重特性,是对现实世界地理过程的简化与抽象表达。针对对象建模视图和基于事件模型不足以描述过程语义的缺陷,提出了一种显式建模地理过程的HAS表达框架,将过程视图剖分为发生(Happenings)、动作(Actions)与状态(States)三域,分别描述时空过程的起因、行为过程和结果状态。在土地利用管理系统中的应用表明,其能较好地对土地利用变迁过程进行表达,能够通过时空查询实现对土地利用变迁过程的整体复原。     

基于AHP的小城镇旅游竞争力研究——以福建沙县为例

小城镇旅游发展力量分散,生存于大中城市的夹缝中,竞争力薄弱．随着休闲时代的到来,旅游已逐渐成为一项大众化的休闲方式,大中城市旅游发展的饱和状态已难以满足游客追求精神享受、身心愉悦的需求．因此加强对小城镇旅游竞争力研究是形势所需．本研究采用层次分析法构建了沙县旅游竞争力指标体系并进行了定量分析,根据分析结果提出了提升竞争力的建议,为推动沙县旅游发展提供了理论依据．     

采用RNG紊流模型计算静止环境中圆形负浮力射流

基于RNG方法的κ-ε湍流模型,运用混合有限分析算法对静止环境中圆形负浮力射流进行数值模拟。从射流的最大入侵高度、流速矢量图、温度等值线、湍动能等值线、横断面上的流速和温度分布以及轴线上温度变化等方面与有效的试验资料进行了较为全面的对比验证。两者的良好吻合表明,基于RNG方法的紊流模型和混合有限分析法的结合能较好地模拟变密度流动。     

遥感信息聚焦服务的多层次语义约束模型

针对遥感信息服务中用户需求语义的复杂性,数据维度语义的丰富性,传感器语义的多样性,遥感信息处理语义的错综复杂性和遥感信息传输语义的时变性,从用户语义约束、数据语义约束、处理服务功能语义约束和处理服务质量语义约束等4个不同层次,建立多层次语义约束模型。     

Performance of A Combination Process of UV/H2O2/Micro‐Aeration for Oxidation of Dichloroacetic Acid in Drinking Water

The decomposition of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) in water using a UV/H₂O₂/micro‐aeration process was investigated in this paper. DCAA cannot be removed by UV radiation, H₂O₂ oxidation or micro‐aeration alone, while UV/H₂O₂/micro‐aeration combination processes have proved effective and can degrade this compound completely. With initial concentrations of about 110 μg/L, more than 95.1% of DCAA can be removed in 180 min under UV intensity of 1048.7 μW/cm², H₂O₂ dosage of 30 mg/L and micro‐aeration flow rate of 2 L/min. However, more than 30 μg/L of DCAA was left after 180 min by UV/H₂O₂ combination process without micro‐aeration with the same UV intensity and H₂O₂ dosage. The effects of applied UV radiation intensity, H₂O₂ dose, initial DCAA concentration and pH on the degradation of DCAA have been examined in this study. Degradation mechanisms of DCAA with hydroxyl radical oxidation have been discussed. The removal rate of DCAA was sensitive to operational parameters. There was a linear relationship between rate constant k and UV intensity and initial H₂O₂ concentration, which indicated that a higher removal capacity can be achieved by improvement of both factors. A newly found nitrogenous disinfection by‐product (N‐DBP)‐DCAcAm, which has the potential to form DCAA, was easier to remove than DCAA by UV/H₂O₂ and UV/H₂O₂/micro‐aeration processes. Finally, a preliminary cost comparison revealed that the UV/H₂O₂/micro‐aeration process was more cost‐effective than the UV/H₂O₂ process in the removal of DCAA from drinking water.     

闽江福州河段环境工程地质问题的评价研究

江河环境工程地质问题是环境工程地质学研究的重要课题。江河沿岸环境地质条件是影响和决定沿江城市环境质量的重要背景 ;是控制和影响沿江河岸城市的环境容量和质量的重要因素。本文以闽江下游福州河段为例 ,概要评述了闽江福州河段的水动力条件和流水地质作用类型、强度等状况 ;分析研究了该河段的流水地质作用和地貌环境变化动态及其与沿江河岸人类各种工程建设活动的互相作用的特征和规律。对促进和提高沿江河岸人地系统和谐协调平衡发展水平 ,正确规划、预测和评价沿江河岸各类工程建设发展的经济和社会效益及其前景 ,都具有重要意义.     

复合动力钻进工艺在干热岩钻井中的应用研究

2011年山东省地矿局在山东省利津县实施了国内第一个干热岩调查评价项目,采用转盘回转钻进,但钻效低、能耗高。为提高在高温硬岩条件下的钻进效率、缩短钻井周期、降低生产成本,2015年在福建省漳州市实施的中国地质调查局东南沿海深部地热HDR-1干热岩科学钻探工程井（井深4000.86 m,孔底温度109 ℃）和2017年在青海省共和县完成的GR1干热岩科学勘探井（井深3705 m,孔底温度236 ℃）,在施工中均探索使用了“转盘+螺杆钻具”复合钻进工艺,并在高温取心段首次测试应用了“转盘+涡轮钻具”复合取心钻进工艺,取得了良好的效果并就下一步研究方向提出了意见和建议,为螺杆钻具和涡轮钻具的深入研究提供了宝贵的高温施工经验,也将为我国干热岩科学钻探与深部地热资源勘探提供新的技术支撑。     

盛夏苏北地区一次飑线过程的数值模拟研究

对一次盛夏苏北飑线过程采用区域三重嵌套WRF模式进行了数值模拟和结果分析,给出了飑线径向剖面的概念模型图。结果表明:模拟的飑线与实际飑线非常接近,两者具有相同的性质和特点,利用模拟的线状强降水带及其降水强度来确定模拟飑线的位置和强度是可行的。飑线成熟期,飑线处存在强辐合区、强垂直上升运动区以及假相当位温的高值区,三者均呈柱状向上伸展;飑线前方(飑线移动的方向),低层有位温高值的入流,为飑线带入大量水汽和能量,后方低层有浅薄入流;飑线过境时地面风向发生急剧变化;飑线中层位温值大致不变呈中性层结,这与对流凝结潜热释放有关。该飑线过程可大体看成是假绝热过程,并具有重力波的非平衡性质,其生成演变中存在多尺度的相互作用。     

LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Magnetite and Application in Genesis of Mineral Deposit

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is well characterized by the in-situ, real time, lower limit of detection and high space resolution, etc. Therefore, it is more excellent in the analysis of trace element for varied minerals in comparison to other micro-zone analysis technologies. Magnetite as a common mineral from different deposits and rocks has been focused on chemical compositions by researchers worldwide. In fact, as the insignificant matrix effect for most elements in magnetite, analysis results could be calculated effectively against Fe-rich silicate glass as the reference material. Therefore, researches on trace element distribution of magnetite have been developed rapidly in recent years, and it has a wide application prospect in reflecting the condition of ore-forming, discriminating different deposit types and indicating prospecting exploration. Comparing varied previous discrimination diagrams about magnetite via collecting trace element data from available literatures based on 25 deposits, we found that there was an urgent need for further detailing and reexamining the boundary of fields representing different genetic types, and it was vital for interpreting the data through carefully petrographical observation before analysis. In addition, we discussed several complex physicochemical factors, which would influence the element concentration of magmatite in igneous and hydrothermal processes, such as melt/fluid composition, temperature, cooling rate, pressure, oxygen fugacity, sulfur fugacity and silica activity. In magma stage, Magnetite’s components are closely related to melts composition and differentiation, while fluid features would also significantly change magnetie's components. Furthermore, there is serious interference for discriminating the genesis of magnetite because of late stage fluids and equilibrium again in subsolidus condition. This paper reviewed the developments of trace elements analysis by LA-ICP-MS and important applications about magnetite in mineral deposit so that unique thoughts for the research on mineralization and ore-forming processes could be obtained.