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81.
82.
Vulnerability assessment in a volcanic risk evaluation in Central Mexico through a multi-criteria-GIS approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
José Fernando Aceves-Quesada Jesús Díaz-Salgado Jorge López-Blanco 《Natural Hazards》2007,40(2):339-356
The Valley of Toluca is a major industrial and agricultural area in Central Mexico, especially the City of Toluca, the capital
of The State of Mexico. The Nevado de Toluca volcano is located to the southwest of The Toluca Basin. Results obtained from
the vulnerability assessment phase of the study area (5,040 km2 and 42 municipalities) are presented here as a part of a comprehensive volcanic risk assessment of The Toluca Basin. Information
has been gathered and processed at a municipal level including thematic maps at 1:250,000 scale. A database has been built,
classified and analyzed within a GIS environment; additionally, a Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) approach was applied as
an aid for the decision-making process. Cartographic results were five vulnerability maps: (1) Total Population, (2) Land
Use/Cover, (3) Infrastructure, (4) Economic Units and (5) Total Vulnerability. Our main results suggest that the Toluca and
Tianguistenco urban and industrial areas, to the north and northeast of The Valley of Toluca, are the most vulnerable areas,
for their high concentration of population, infrastructure, economic activity, and exposure to volcanic events. 相似文献
83.
Adrian A. Borsa Jean-Bernard Minster Bruce G. Bills Helen A. Fricker 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(2):157-170
We develop and test an algorithm for modeling and removing elevation error in kinematic GPS trajectories in the context of
a kinematic GPS survey of the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia. Noise in the kinematic trajectory ranges over 15 cm and is highly autocorrelated,
resulting in significant contamination of the topographic signal. We solve for a noise model using crossover differences at
trajectory intersections as constraints in a least-squares inversion. Validation of the model using multiple realizations
of synthetic/simulated noise shows an average decrease in root-mean-square-error (RMSE) by a factor of four. Applying the
model to data from the salar de Uyuni survey, we find that crossover differences drop by a factor of eight (from an RMSE of
5.6 to 0.7 cm), and previously obscured topographic features are revealed in a plan view of the corrected trajectory. We
believe that this algorithm can be successfully adapted to other survey methods that employ kinematic GPS for positioning. 相似文献
84.
X射线荧光方法进行野外找矿及成矿规律研究的现状和前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前,能量色散X射线荧光现场测量方法已经逐步完善,能够在现场取得多种元素含量的近似定量数据,为地质勘查工作提供元素含量及其分布的信息,在此基础上要求加大方法应用的深度和广度,将X射线荧光方法取得的资料应用于矿产预测,成矿规律,地质构造及基础地质研究等方面,本文根据作者近年的实际工作成果并汇集有关资料,用丰富的实例文章爱一领域的现状,并提出今后发展的重点和前景。 相似文献
85.
研究了枞树板铅锌矿区的磁组构特征。结果表明,在变形较弱及无应变标志体的地区,利用磁组构进行构造变形分析是非常有效的,其结果不仅与其它方法的结果大体一致,而且能够获得用其它方法难以获得的认识(如变形类型问题)。据此可以分析控矿构造的变形性质及演化,查明构造控矿的规律。 相似文献
86.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)
Abstract Modelling of the rainfall–runoff transformation process and routing of river flows in the Kilombero River basin and its five sub-catchments within the Rufiji River basin in Tanzania was undertaken using three system (black-box) models—a simple linear model, a linear perturbation model and a linear varying gain factor model—in their linear transfer function forms. A lumped conceptual model—the soil moisture accounting and routing model—was also applied to the sub-catchments and the basin. The HEC-HMS model, which is a distributed model, was applied only to the entire Kilombero River basin. River discharge, rainfall and potential evaporation data were used as inputs to the appropriate models and it was observed that sometimes the system models performed better than complex hydrological models, especially in large catchments, illustrating the usefulness of using simple black-box models in datascarce situations. 相似文献
87.
Evaluating infiltration losses in a Mediterranean wetland: Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park,Spain
Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park is a series of wetlands which naturally originated from groundwater discharges from the Mancha Occidental aquifer, Spain. Despite the relatively large size of this aquifer, 30 years of intensive groundwater pumping have significantly depleted the water table. As a result, wetlands only remain functional due to artificial inflows. Infiltration loss is therefore a key parameter to evaluate how much water is needed to maintain ecosystem functionality. Although yearly infiltration estimates existed prior to this work, these did not take into account key parameters such as the temporal evolution of the flooded area. This paper presents a more concrete estimate of the average infiltration losses. Infiltration is calculated as the closure term of daily water balances during a period of time where all other elements were known to an acceptable accuracy. A validation mechanism is provided to check the potential utility of the calculated infiltration in wetland management practices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
《Marine Policy》2015
El Salvador is one of the most environmentally degraded nations in Latin America, but the declining fishing industry is under-studied compared with deforestation and landuse. This paper examines the reactions to fish stock decline of two generations of fishers in La Union, El Salvador on the Golfo de Fonseca, one of the most important fishing areas in Latin America, using face to face interviews and questionaires. Both older (>35 years) and younger (<36 years) fishers supplemented their income with trading, farming and loans from their relatives in the United States. All older fishers reported larger fish catches five and ten years previously than at present. Previously, fishers caught more fish, but significantly more younger fishers than older fishers reported their fathers caught more fish than they did, indicating an increasing gap in fish catches in recent decades. More younger fishers than older fishers had fathers or male kin who were also fishers, indicating young men were less likely to join fishing without a parent or kin already involved. Minorities of both older and younger fishers engaged in supplementary activities. Environmental degradation disuaded fishers from switching to farming or hunting. The findings are similar to findings elsewhere on the decline of fish resources and generational gaps in environmental knowledge, but differ in that some other studies report fewer opportunities for fishers to access alternative or complementary activities. These findings are relevant to Latin American studies, considering the great value of the Golfo de Fonseca to the livelihoods of Central America. 相似文献
89.
Jean Ferrandini Michelle Ferrandini Philippe Rossi Brengre Savary-Sismondini 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(12):921-929
Priabonian age is highlighted for the first time in Corsica in the Venaco Formation using the presence of specific microfauna (in particular some representatives of Turborotalia cerroazulensis lineage). This silicoclastic formation is mainly represented by coarse facies. It is composed of three members from south to north and from oldest towards youngest: member of Uboli, Cardo and Orsu. The sedimentologic analysis reveals a gravity depositional environment, involving different type of currents. Sedimentologic and chronologic characteristics make the Venaco Formation and the Annot Formation (p.p.) equivalent. Dating the Venaco Fm. brings confirmation that the green schist metamorphism of the Variscan batholith and the related deformation are from the pre-Priabonian period. 相似文献
90.
Deon De Bruin 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(3):257-264
Election probe microanalysis of indicator minerals is extensively used in the exploration for kimberlite deposits, the evaluation of specific kimberlite occurrences for their diamond bearing potential and to classify grains into different chemical and lithological mantle associations. Kimberlite exploration programmes can involve several tens of thousands of indicator mineral analyses. Procedures for monitoring data quality and consistency of analyses across large data sets are commonly absent. Suitable monitor minerals should be used to verify the data quality of kimberlite exploration and evaluation data sets. This material should have a suitable composition, be homogenous, be available in sufficient quantities and have a similar appearance to the unknown samples. Garnet P1, a megacryst garnet from the Premier kimberlite, was found to have a suitable composition as a monitor for kimberlite garnet analyses. Data were collected on the monitor material at regular intervals during routine analyses, over an extended period, both as a fixed grain mounted on the sample holder and as separate grains set within batches of routine samples. The data were evaluated to assess the quality and consistency in the analyses of large data sets over time. The monitor material was also analysed at independent laboratories using their routine analytical set-up and calibration procedures for comparative purposes. Values are given for the mean ± 2s range, which can serve as guide values for acceptable analyses for all elements. 相似文献