模糊度直接求解算法用于GPS周跳的探测与修复

探测与修复周跳是GPS数据处理中的一个关键问题.针对CPS载波相位定位中出现的周跳问题,本文提出了一种新的周跳探测与修复的方法:首先组成双差相位观测方程,并根据观测文件中的近似坐标求得基线约束条件;随后利用基线约束条件直接求解各个历元的模糊度值,并依据历元间的模糊度变化来探测与修复周跳.通过编写应用程序和实例验证表明这...     

True amplitude imaging by inverse generalized Radon transform based on Gaussian beam decomposition of the acoustic Green's function

True amplitude migration is one of the most important procedures of seismic data processing. As a rule it is based on the decomposition of the velocity model of the medium into a known macrovelocity component and its sharp local perturbations to be determined. Under this decomposition the wavefield can be considered as the superposition of an incident and reflected/scattered waves. The single scattering approximation introduces the linear integral operator that connects the sharp local perturbations of the macrovelocity model with the multishot/multioffset data formed from reflected/scattered waves. We develop the pseudoinverse of this operator using the Gaussian beam based decomposition of acoustic Green's functions. The computation of this pseudoinverse operator is done pointwise by shooting Gaussian beams from the target area towards the acquisition system. The numerical implementation of the pseudoinverse operator was applied to the synthetic data Sigsbee2A. The results obtained demonstrate the high quality of the true amplitude images computed both in the smooth part of the model and under the salt body.     

基于TerraSAR-X强度图像相关法测量三峡树坪滑坡时空形变

三峡工程蓄水之后,有可能引起两岸滑坡的发生.本文以三峡库区树坪为研究区域,对不同时相的TerraSAR-X的强度图进行相关计算,求解出2009年2月至2009年10月期间发生的滑坡位移场时空演化.结果表明,在滑坡发生的前几个月,累积变形量很小;在滑坡发生的两三个月当中,变形量比较大,平均位移达到51cm;之后的几个月中,变形量又恢复到平静期的数值,与布设在该区的位移伸缩计结果一致.从本文的研究可以看出,该方法不仅能计算出滑坡引起的形变场,而且能探测地面形变的早期信号,可以用它作为三峡库区未来滑坡监测的重要技术手段.     

老挝巴勉岩金矿钻探施工实践

境外钻探施工不但有施工技术方面的难题,更重要的是会遇到境外的施工环境、语言等诸多让人担忧让人却步的从未接触过的问题。介绍了在老挝巴勉岩金矿进行钻探施工遇到的各种难题及解决办法。     

Long-term changes in the production by estuarine macrobenthos affected by multiple stressors

The macrobenthic production of an estuarine system was evaluated over a 14-year study period in a seagrass bed and in a sandflat. Over this period, the estuary suffered severe eutrophication and extreme weather events with important impacts on the community, impairing system functioning and ultimately the goods and services provided by the estuary (decline in the seagrass bed, decreased community production and/or a boost in the production by opportunist species, such as Hydrobia ulvae). Following the anthropogenic impacts, management measures were introduced which allowed a gradual recovery of the seagrass bed and a new macrobenthic community structure manifested by production increases of slow-growing species, such as Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor. There was a gradual re-orientation of energy into population biomass instead of population density but this was not translated into higher community production, mainly due to the decreased production of opportunist species (H. ulvae and several polychaetes). Several weather extreme events occurred during this post-mitigation phase - floods, heatwaves and droughts, all of which had negative impacts on macrobenthic dynamics and production. The heatwaves led to the greatest decreases in macrobenthic production, mainly due to S. plana perhaps associated with its physiological intolerance of higher temperatures. The prolonged drought that followed the heatwaves maintained low levels of production by S. plana and H. ulvae. With climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are likely to increase worldwide so that the recovery of impacted/disturbed systems from impacts such as eutrophication may be seriously affected by these additional stressors, compromising attempts to improve the ecological quality of estuarine ecosystems.     

应用地震属性分析研究十屋油田下白垩统营城组沉积体系分布

地震均方根振幅与岩石密度呈正相关,因此可以利用地震均方根振幅大小来识别岩性,判别岩相。在十屋工作区选择了16口钻遇营城组的钻井,对与切片对应的15 ms内的营城组岩性、岩相进行统计,分析统计了岩性、岩相与对应几种均方根振幅属性。根据均方根振幅颜色数值的大小,把均方根振幅等时切片上各点分成强、强-中、中-弱和弱4个等级。在均方根振幅等时切片上按照等级来划分区域。以地震响应特征对应的地质意义为依据,对划分区域的岩性、岩相进行预测。将本区岩性划分为砂岩、泥岩,岩相划分为三角洲相、扇三角洲相和湖泊相,并据此制作了研究区营城组沉积微相平面分布图,进而确定了研究区发育的4个沉积体系:西部沉积体系、东部沉积体系、东北部沉积体系和南部沉积体系。通过钻井验证了南部沉积体系的存在。     

利用地震属性划分瓦斯富集带

从阳煤集团新景煤矿芦南二区北三正、副巷3煤层发生的瓦斯突出来看,该矿的瓦斯富集带主要位于煤层变薄缺失带附近。依据新景煤矿地质资料建立地质模型,并从理论上对提取的地震属性变化特征进行比较,发现其振幅、主频、低频带能量和相位等属性可以作为瓦斯富集带预测的判识依据。勘探成果表明,利用3煤层反射波提取的地震属性,在煤层变薄缺失带上具有明显的响应特征：振幅切片上能量变弱,相似性切片上异常突出,主频切片上表现为高值,主频带能量切片上表现为低值,平均频率相位切片上也存在较大差异振幅。依据该特征,圈定了新景煤矿芦南二区的煤层变薄缺失带。已发生瓦斯突出点与煤层变薄缺失带在地震属性的一致性,证实煤层变薄缺失带是该矿瓦斯防治的重点区域。     

高、低产煤层气井AVO正演特征及其识别

利用鄂尔多斯盆地东缘地区煤层气勘探阶段的钻井与测井资料,获得该地区煤层气井主力储层5煤层与围岩的岩性特征及弹性参数,并应用基于zoeppritz方程的线性近似公式进行射线追踪模拟,以研究该区高、低丰度煤层气储层5煤层AVO响应特征。该区XX-3井煤层气高产井与XX-11低产井的AVO分析表明：高产气井的振幅随偏移距的增大存在明显的减弱现象,且其顶板负相位反射振幅呈现较强的负截距异常和正梯度异常,底板正相位反射振幅呈现较强的正截距异常和负梯度异常;而低产气井的AVO现象不明显,代表煤层顶底板反射波振幅梯度曲线异常变化较小。在该区地质条件下建立的识别高、低产煤层气井的AVO响应特征识别方法,可为煤层气试井质量提供新的判识手段。     

上海民防工程建设与地下空间开发利用

基于上海城市灾害特点与发展趋势的初步分析,提出充分利用地下空间资源、加强民防工程建设的建议,以有助于进一步提高上海防灾抗灾减灾综合能力。结合上海特殊的地质条件,分析了地下空间民防工程建设中的主要问题及其防治对策,以期提高城市土地综合利用效率,并有效保障城市安全与可持续发展。     

胶州湾冲淤灾害地质及环境稳定性分析

通过对胶州湾1936～2002年4期海图的地形对比和1986年、2007年2期Landsat-5TM影像的对比,分析了近70多年来胶州湾的冲淤灾害地质形势。根据胶卅I湾近百年来的沉积速率特征将其冲淤灾害形势划分为9类,结果表明：胶州湾在1936～1963年间总体呈现轻微淤积态势,但显浪-红岛连线以东区域（含沧口水道）以...