DABS—C1柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸

建立一种以DABS-Cl为柱前衍生剂，利用反相高效液相色谱测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸的方法。结果表明，在50min内18种氨基酸得到完全分离，各氨基酸相关系数均大于0．997，氨基酸的回收率在86．60%-107．27％之间（胱氨酸除外），方法的检出限为0．18~o．66mg／L，相对标准偏差为3．53％-8．51％（天冬氨酸除外）。     

Diatom valve distribution and sedimentary fatty acid composition in Larsen Bay, Eastern Antarctica Peninsula

During austral summer 2006-2007, five sediment cores were recovered from the Eastern Antarctic Peninsula (EAP) continental shelf. Microscopic observations and sediment fatty acid (FA) composition analyses were carried out to investigate whether the drastic changes at the sea surface in EAP may be reflected in the sedimentary record. A sharp decrease in the number of diatom valves was observed below 2 cm depth. This difference between the upper 2 cm of sediment and the deeper part of the sediment column was attributed to the drastic change in the upper water column conditions after the collapse of the ice shelves, which allowed the arrival of phytoplankton debris and fresh organic matter to the sea floor in EAP. The presence of bacterial-, zooplankton- and detrital-related FA throughout EAP cores suggests that there has been an input of older and more refractory organic matter into the region, presumably by lateral transport before the Larsen ice shelves disintegration.     

Characterization of acid sulfate soils and assessing their impact on a humic boreal lake

Due to acidity and metals from acid sulfate soils (a.s. soils), many watercourses in midwestern Finland have since 1960s regularly experienced short but intensive periods of poor water quality during high water flow. This has led to occasional massive fish kills and a significant decline in fish populations.     

南海北部神狐海域现代沉积物正构脂肪酸来源:加权平均碳同位素的建立与应用

对南海北部神狐海域表层沉积物中脂肪酸组分进行了分析,检测到的总正构脂肪酸含量为1.80~10.16μg/g(μg脂肪酸/g干沉积物),碳数分布为C12—C32,呈偶奇优势分布,以C16和C18为主峰碳。将90cm以上层位样品进行归一化,建立加权平均碳同位素讨论正构脂肪酸来源,结果表明,短链脂肪酸(n-C14~18)具有较正的碳同位素组成(加权平均为-26.7‰^-28.2‰),反映了化学自养细菌来源;大部分长链脂肪酸(n-C21~23,nC25,n-C29~32)具有偏负的碳同位素组成(加权平均为-29.6‰^-34.1‰),反映了陆源C3高等植物来源;而另外的长链脂肪酸(n-C24&n-C26~28)和n-C19~20中链脂肪酸(加权平均碳同位素为-26.1‰^-29.3‰)则可能反映了混合来源输入。沉积物75~80cm层位陆源输入和海洋输入含量达到最低,可能和Younger Dryas冷期旋回事件有关。     

春季长江口及其邻近海域溶解有机物的分布、组成及降解行为研究

2021年3月对长江口及其邻近海域9个断面溶解氨基酸(THAA)、溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解有机氮(DON)的分布和组成进行了调查研究。结果表明:THAA的浓度范围为1.24~4.71μmol/L,平均浓度为(2.61±0.85)μmol/L;DOC的浓度范围为118.17~450.58μmol/L,平均浓度为(149.73±33.34)μmol/L;DON的浓度范围为10.48~24.45μmol/L,平均浓度为(13.80±1.81)μmol/L。THAA、DOC和DON的水平分布表现出近岸高于远岸的特点,表明陆源输入对调查区域的THAA等分布有重要影响。而THAA与D-天门冬氨酸、D-谷氨酸、D-丝氨酸和D-丙氨酸的D/L比均呈显著负相关,与天门冬氨酸/β-丙氨酸(Asp/β-Ala)呈正相关,表明细菌活动是影响THAA浓度变化的重要因素。长江口及邻近海域的优势氨基酸为L型氨基酸,D型氨基酸和非蛋白型氨基酸的占比仅为7.34%。基于C/N比值分析,长江口及其邻近海域溶解有机物(DOM)的来源受到长江冲淡水和台湾暖流的共同影响。THAA-C%、THAA-N%、降解因子和反应活性指数表明:水平方向上盐度接近于0的淡水区域和盐度高于34的远海区域降解程度较高;垂直方向上随着深度的增加,有机物的降解程度逐渐升高。调查区域有机物的降解程度主要受到陆源输入和细菌活动的影响。     

铜锈环棱螺( Bellamya aeruginosa ) 生物扰动对藻华水体沉积物微生物群落结构的影响

应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法测定了不同密度铜锈环棱螺生物扰动下沉积物表层微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,含螺处理组PLFAs总生物量有了明显的升高,且与底泥总有机碳(TOC)含量变化趋势有很高的相关性(r=0.541)(P<0.05)。实验过程中细菌/真菌值发生显著变化,中密度处理组的细菌/真菌值显著高于其它实验组(P<0.05),说明中密度螺影响下细菌生长较真菌更快,细菌生物量显著升高。主成分分析(PCA)显示,低、高密度螺处理下沉积物的微生物群落结构与对照组相似,而中密度螺处理组(3个螺/培养柱)(相当于196ind/m2)能够使沉积物微生物群落结构产生明显变化。     

气相色谱法分析小球藻脂肪酸的组成

利用超声波破碎技术在1 mol/L HCl-CH3OH 溶液中提取小球藻脂肪酸并酯化,并用气相色谱和气质联用仪对其进行定量和定性分析,鉴定出 C14:0, C16:2, C16:1, C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:3, C18:0, C20:0共9种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的65%.6份平行样的相对标准偏差为6.04%~9.84%,样品加标回收率范围为77.0%~122.6%,各种脂肪酸甲酯的仪器检测限<0.3 ng.初步探讨了脂肪酸甲酯在弱极性色谱柱上的保留时间规律     

罗子沟盆地有机质热演化对砂岩物性的改造作用

基于岩石薄片观察、压汞分析、扫描电镜和X衍射分析等方法对罗子沟盆地大砬子组砂岩物性特征进行了定性-定量研究。结果表明：罗子沟盆地大砬子组砂岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度低,以岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩为主;岩石孔隙度高,孔隙度主要为16.2%~26.4%,次生孔隙占总孔隙度面孔率的88%,但总体渗透率极低,渗透率主要分布在（0.13~1.68）×10^-3 μm²,为高孔特低渗的物性特征。有机元素分析、色谱分析、岩石热解及显微组分镜检分析表明,罗子沟盆地大砬子组泥页岩中有机质在热演化过程中产生大量有机酸,有机酸对砂岩中长石等矿物的溶蚀作用是次生孔隙发育的主要原因,但有机酸溶蚀产生的次生矿物在一定程度上堵塞了孔隙喉道。因此,研究区砂岩形成高孔特低渗的物性特征。     

广州红砂岩文物保护新方法

当前环境污染日益严重,不少珍稀石质文物因缺少保护而遭受严重风化。为保护风化石质文物,文章将纳米材料和传统石质文物保护剂相结合,提出一种新的保护方法：用纳米二氧化钛银与NS-系列文物水性保护剂按一定比例调和,涂抹于红砂岩文物表面;一段时间后在其表面喷洒NS-系列文物水性保护剂。为检验新方法之功效,分别用该方法和NS-系列文物水性保护剂处理采自于广州的红砂岩文物样品,用高效液相色谱仪测定其有机酸种类和质量分数,发现前者较后者的有机酸质量分数明显减少。又经实验检测,发现该方法处理后的样品能经受水流冲刷,能耐酸碱腐蚀。这表明新方法既能防水、耐酸碱,又能降解有机酸;可以有效延缓石质文物风化,较传统石质文物保护剂具有更好的保护效果。     

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) were analyzed using common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed to clobetasol propionate (CP) or clobetasone butyrate (CB) individually or in mixture at 1 μg L⁻¹ for 21 days. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of CB was calculated as 100, and BCF of CP was less than 16. No effects were found in fish erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers and serum glucose levels after exposure to the selected GCs. On the other hand, serum concentrations of free amino acids significantly increased in GC-exposed groups. Thus, exposures to synthetic GCs at relatively low concentrations seemed to cause enhancement of protein degradation and subsequent increase of serum free amino acids without a corresponding increase in serum glucose levels, an effect which might be related to partial induction of gluconeogenesis by GC.