浙江省台风报告单自动化制作发布系统设计与实现

目前浙江省气象台的台风报告单制作系统自动化程度低,需要大量手工输入,越来越不能满足现代化天气业务和服务的需求。以浙江省台精细化格点化预报数据为依托,结合数据库系统,将各功能模块整合,设计开发出新一代浙江省台风报告单自动化制作发布系统。新系统可对Word文档进行模块化处理,依据客观化转化规则自动生成文本文字,并自动插入各类必要的图片,从而大大提高了工作效率,减小了出错率。     

The clustered nucleation and growth processes of garnet in regional metamorphic rocks from north-west Connecticut,USA

Serial sectioning and imaging with a flatbed scanner yielded the three-dimensional size and spatial distribution of garnet porphyroblasts in two garnet schists and one staurolite-bearing schist from the Everett Formation, north-west Connecticut. The dominant garnet-producing reaction in all samples was chlorite+quartz=garnet+H₂O. The appearance of staurolite, and additional garnet growth in the staurolite-bearing sample, was due to the reaction chloritoid=garnet+staurolite+chlorite. Statistical measures of garnet spatial distributions, using the pair correlation function (PCF), indicate that garnet crystals are weakly to strongly clustered at length scales between 2 and 10 mm. Such clustered nucleation may reflect minor bulk compositional variations. Covariance measures between garnet size and nearest-neighbour distance, using the mark covariance function (MCF), suggest a very weak correlation between crystal size and nearest-neighbour distance for length scales of 2 mm or less. These statistical data suggest that if diffusional gradients were present around growing garnet crystals, they did not influence nucleation and growth patterns at length scales greater than c. 2 mm. Compositional maps, through the garnet centres, show that the smaller crystals have lower Mn core compositions relative to larger crystals, consistent with progressive nucleation during pro-grade metamorphism. Radius-rate plots calculated from compositional X-ray maps show similar growth rates for garnet crystals of different size, consistent with an interface-controlled growth model for garnet. The presence of minor diffusional gradients around growing garnet cannot be entirely dismissed, but the lack of observable reaction rims, the clustered spatial distribution and the radius-rate data are most consistent with an interface-controlled garnet growth model.     

1998年11月19日云南宁蒗6.2级地震前地震活动性特征

１９９８ 年１１ 月１９ 日在云南省宁蒗发生了一次 Ｍ６２ 级强烈地震。该次地震前, 震中及邻区地震活动明显增强, 累计频度和应变能释放随时间从线性缓慢增加变为非线性快速增加, 出现孕震空区、多项地震活动参数异常。此外, 地震活动性诸多参数在地震活动处于线性缓慢变化的时间段内, 在空间分布上表现为随机的现象; 在地震活动处于非线性快速变化的时间段内, 这些参数的空间分布表现出向未来震中收缩、集中的明显特征。     

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A Comparative Analysis

Moringa oleifera (MO), also known as drumstick tree, has gained worldwide attention among researchers and policy makers, for showing its remarkable potential in environmental management. Recently, MO seed or press cake (a by-product of oil extraction industry) powder has also emerged as an alternative and promising coagulant for environmental remediation. In this view, attempts have been made in this study to evaluate the efficacy of MO seed and press cake powder (MSP & PCP) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Both MSP and PCP are characterized by using swelling ratio, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The effect of various operational parameters such as coagulation–flocculation pH (2–10), coagulant dosage (0.1–1 g L⁻¹), and sedimentation time (0–180 min), etc., is investigated to understand the potential of MSP and PCP. At optimized operational conditions, sedimentation kinetics is also performed suggesting that the treatment process is being governed by the second-order kinetic model. The chemical and biological oxygen demand removals at optimized conditions are observed as follows: ≈38 and ≈73% for MSP and ≈47 and ≈85% for PCP. Overall, the results of the present study elucidated that PCP can be employed as a promising alternative of MSP for municipal wastewater with improved treatment efficiencies.     

底泥释磷及其对杭州西湖富营养化的影响

杭州西湖是一个小型浅水湖泊,底泥由上部藻骸腐泥和下部泥炭层构成,其显著特点是有机碳含量特别高,氮含量也相当高,而磷的富集程度相对较低。通过实验室和现场模拟研究,考察了pH值、温度、溶解氧、氧化还原电位及上覆水种类等环境因素对底泥释磷量和释磷速率的影响。上覆水pH值在6.5—7.0范围内底泥释磷量最低;在较高或较低pH值时,释磷量倍增。升高水温或降低上覆水溶解氧浓度均能加速释磷。实验室模拟西湖底泥最大释磷量为0.368μgP/g。夏季现场模拟平均释磷速率为1.02mg P/m~2·d;由此估算底泥释磷量达1.346tP/a,相当于年平均外部入湖磷负荷的36.4％。底泥释磷对西湖富营养化起着不容忽视的影响。     

浙江近海海洋鱼类增殖放流现状分析

20世纪80年代以来,浙江近海的主要渔业资源呈现衰退趋势,因此从2000年至今相关单位持续开展人工增殖放流以修复渔业资源。文章基于2017—2021年浙江近海鱼类增殖放流统计数据作出分析,对比放流资金、放流数量、放流物种等变化趋势得出：2017—2021年主要在浙江近海12处重要的增殖放流海域投放了大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）、黑鲷（Acanthopagrus schlegelii）、黄姑鱼（Nibea albiflora）、条石鲷（Oplegnathus fasciatus）等16种海洋鱼类,累计投入放流资金11 285.9万元,投放海洋鱼类苗种共计46 799.8万尾,其中标志鱼投入共330.1万元,放流苗种48.8万尾。调查和文献报道显示,增殖放流对增加浙江近海海洋鱼类生物资源量、恢复海洋鱼类群落结构、保护海洋生物多样性,促进海洋渔业的发展等方面起到积极的作用。根据调研情况和相关文献梳理了增殖放流存在的问题并提出了相关的改进建议,以期为今后科学规范实施增殖放流提供参考。     

香港一富营养河港内的底泥耗氧和营养盐释放

Tolo Harbour has received massive discharges of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes and cottage industrial effluents, via three river systems, in the past two decades before the mid Eighties. The Harbour is almost land locked and poorly flushed. The soft sediment acted as a sink for nutrients and organic pollutants. After a decade of efforts in establishing and enforcing water pollution control legislations and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, the sediments have turned into sources of nutrients and exert a measurable oxygen demand upon the overlying waters. In vitro measurements showed that the sediments oxygen demand (SOD) was between 17.6 and 54.3 mgo₂ · m^-2 · h^-1. The maximum rates of release of ortho-phosphate phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were 15.0 and 206.0 mg · m^-2 · h^-1, respectively.     

美国罗德河流域地下水中铝形成动力学

In the Rhode River estuarine/watershed area, increased acidity of precipitation from atmospheric acidic deposition has deleterious effects on the freshwater ecosystems. One of the characteristics of an acidic watershed is the mobilization of aluminum from soils to aquatic environment. Increased concentrations of aluminum in surface waters are toxic to living organisms. Detection of long-term changes of acidity and elevated Al concentrations in surface and soil waters is a central issue. In this present paper, the dynamics ofAl speciation in the shallow ground waters from Rhode River watershed 110 (la) were investigated. This research provides a unique, regional analysis of important controls on the transport of Al speciation through the rural watershed of the Chesapeake Bay.     

基于植物昼夜释氧变化规律的复合垂直流人工湿地氮形态

为了研究植物根系释氧规律对人工湿地中硝化与反硝化作用的影响,采用传统连续运行方式及根据释氧规律调节的新型运行方式(白天连续进水、夜间停水),在复合垂直流人工湿地小试系统中进行实验,采用代表性的挺水植物香蒲作为湿地植物,水力负荷为0.71 m3/(m2.d).结果表明:系统内白天以好氧的硝化作用为主,夜间以厌氧、缺氧的反硝化作用为主,且在新型运行方式下,系统内白天亚硝酸盐氮累积量为传统运行方式的5倍,硝酸盐氮累积量为其2倍,夜间亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮减少量又分别比传统运行方式高64%和26%.这说明在新型运行方式下,人工湿地脱氮效果优于传统运行方式.