fx-4500P计算器在道路施工测量中的应用

给出了在道路施工测量中常用的fx-4500P计算程序。并对如何利用极坐标法进行道路施工测量放样作了论述。     

北京市快速城市化对短时间尺度降水时空特征影响及成因

快速城市化对区域降水过程的影响已成为人类活动对不同时空尺度水循环影响研究的热点。基于北京全区2011-2015年20个自动气象站逐小时降水资料,利用Circular统计法等多种方法,在揭示北京市降水总体特征基础上,进一步从日、场次、小时等多种精细化时间尺度来探究北京市不同类型降水特征。研究表明：① 场次暴雨平均降水量、场次降雨持续时间及降水强度高值中心主要位于北京城区,与郊区降水过程相比,城区总体降水过程历时较长、雨量较大。城市雨岛效应可能是上述降水指标在城区具有高值中心的原因之一。② 北京全区降水日分布不均,不同区域降水类型有较大差异。北京市的暴雨雨型主要以午后型为主,占总雨型的47.53%。山区总体及北部近郊、远郊区、南部近郊分别以午后型、正午型、夜晚型降水为主。而城区的暴雨类型显示出主城区的东西两侧有较大的差异,西侧受山谷风环流及热岛环流影响类型较为复杂,东侧以傍晚型为主。③ 场次暴雨的降水峰值出现时间主要集中在12:00-19:00,且城区降水峰值发生时间较郊区降水峰值发生时间推迟。海拔的升高会使日降水峰值的出现时间的不确定性增大。④ 极端降水量指标及持续干燥、湿润指标均在城区显示出高值区,极端降水频率指标高值区位于城区下风向。城市化可能通过人口膨胀、土地利用类型变更等方式间接提高极端降水发生的风险。     

圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统扫描轨迹建模与分析

对圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统在海面上的激光脚点扫描轨迹进行几何建模,重点分析了水文模式下激光脚点扫描轨迹的平均测点密度和覆盖效率。根据设定的几何模型,以CZMIL机载激光测深系统为例,计算得到单航线测量模式下双向扫描区域激光脚点"最小距离"小于1.6 m的比例为99.78%,5 m×5m大小的格网内激光脚点的平均数目为11.93个。另外,对激光测深系统旁向重叠度和两条航线扫描轨迹进行了分析,认为31.3%的旁向重叠度可以保证不产生飞行漏洞,但对激光脚点的测点密度提升效果并不明显。最后,对激光脚点分布的不均匀性进行了分析,讨论了不同的激光测深系统参数对测点密度和测量效率的影响效果。     

得尔布干成矿区黑山头以北地区重、磁、遥构造解译

得尔布干成矿区黑山头以北地区为森林-沼泽景观区,岩石露头极少,交通十分不便.因此,对该区的区域性重、磁、遥解译显得十分必要,可为地质、矿产调查提供重要信息.重、磁、遥解译认为,较发育的线性构造有NE、NW及NNE、E-W、S-N向等.在上黑龙江拗陷区及额尔古纳隆起区,线性构造主要为NE与NW向,并构成菱形格状构造.区内NE、NW及S-N向裂隙与控矿关系密切.磁、遥解译的环形构造常常是中生代火山-侵入中心,是成矿的重要热源或热液源.     

圆弧破坏边坡反演设计的ANN方法与ANFIS方法的比较研究

圆弧破坏边坡反演设计方法,是根据边坡的岩土力学参数及边坡高度,在确保安全系数满足要求的前提下,对圆弧破坏边坡的边坡角进行设计的一种新方法。建立圆弧破坏边坡反演设计方法的关键,就是要对大量稳定圆弧破坏边坡实例加以集成,以建立从{ , c, , H, F}到 的映射。文中收集了大量稳定圆弧破坏边坡实例,采用ANN和ANFIS对其进行了集成,分别建立了圆弧破坏边坡反演设计的ANN方法和ANFIS方法,进而又采用圆弧破坏边坡实例对两者的反演结果进行了比较。结果表明,ANFIS更适合于用来建立圆弧破坏边坡反演设计方法。     

Experimental Researches on Reflective and Transmitting Performances of Quarter Circular Breakwater Under Regular and Irregular Waves

A series of regular and irregular wave experiments are conducted to study the reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater (QCB) in comparison with those of semi-circular breakwater (SCB). Based on regular wave tests, the reflection and transmission characteristics of QCB are analyzed and a few influencing factors are investigated. Then, the wave energy dissipation as wave passing over the breakwater is discussed based on the hydraulic coefficients of QCB and SCB. In irregular wav...     

吉林省荒沟山—南岔地区遥感地质特征及金矿远景预测

文章介绍了吉林省荒沟山—南岔地区的区域地质概况,利用该区ETM数据所成图像进行解译,解译出5条中型断裂,共圈出近百个环形构造。选择与已知矿床类似的地质构造环境,圈出三个金矿找矿远景区。     

Analytical solutions for a three‐invariant Cam clay model subjected to drained loading histories

Analytical solutions are derived for a three‐invariant Cam clay model subjected to proportional and circular drained loading histories. The solutions are presented for a specific volume, and volumetric and generalized shear strains. In the case of a proportional loading only straight effective stress paths are considered while in the case of a circular loading the maximum possible change in Lode's angle is π/3 due to plastic isotropy. Additionally, a concept of deviatoric stiffness is devised and an analytical expression for the generalized hardening modulus is derived. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are carried out in the form of direct comparisons between analytical solutions for drained and undrained loading histories thus offering an improved understanding of the three‐invariant model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Orientation of Sandhoppers Under Natural Conditions in Repeated Trials: an Analysis Using Longitudinal Directional Data

Zonal recovery is a prompt escape towards the sea performed by sandhoppers under stressful environmental conditions. Differences in habitat features, meteorological conditions during the tests and morphological characteristics of the individuals are all factors affecting orientation. This paper deals with the temporal variation of the orientation of a sandhopper sample, taking into account the effect of some environmental and morphological variables on these changes. The directions chosen by single animals in repeated trials under natural conditions were analysed, using longitudinal circular data. The longitudinal analysis highlights several details about three different kinds of intrapopulation variation due to: sun, wind and eye left/right asymmetry. A clear link between the successive directional responses is demonstrated as well as modulation of behaviour with time: the animals stabilise orientation towards a certain direction in successive trials. The use of longitudinal sets of data in orientation studies produces a good synthesis of directional behaviour, due to several advantages of this kind of analysis. These include the fact that the association between successive behaviours and variability through repeated trials is taken into account; a progressive improvement, due to the integration of information from previous experiences, can be detected; the role of the main cues and factors affecting orientation is more accurately defined; and more parsimonious statistical models can be used to fit the data.     

遥感线性构造分形统计和蚀变信息提取在桂东地区金铅锌锡多金属成矿预测中的应用

在桂东地区ETM+遥感影像742波段融合的基础上,进行了线性构造和环形构造解译,运用分形几何学的原理和方法对研究区的遥感线性构造进行定量分析,利用计盒维数法求得研究区的线性构造分维值,得出该区线性构造具有良好的统计自相似性和分形特征,利用Surfer软件求得线性构造分维等值线图,采用主成分分析和比值法组合提取遥感蚀变异...