Hydrogen Isotopes of Glassy and Phyllosilicate Spherules in Al Rais (CR) and Orgueil (CI) Chondrites

The hydroxyl in phyllosilicate minerals is the most common occurrence of water in primitive meteorites. Direct hydrogen isotopic analysis of this water component using an ion microprobe has been made in some glassy or phyllosilicate spherules from the Al Rais (CR) and Orgueil (CI) chondrites. The spherules from Al Rais show large deuterium excesses (δD = +200 -+800‰) relative to terrestrial standards, whereas deuterium-enrichments in the spherules from Orgueil are much smaller (δD = +40 - +130‰). The phyllosilicate spherules are products of     

HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION IN RAIN WATER

Continuous measurements of pH precipitation falling from cumulus clouds in semi-arid region(Colorado,USA),and in wet temperate zone(Bologna,Italy)were made.In Colorado the pHwas constant at 7.3 for a period of time,and later changed to 7.0 and remained constant at thisvalue during the remainder of the storm.In Italy the pH fluctuated continuously between theapproximate values of 5.7 and 6.4 during the storm.The changes in hydrogen ion concentrationreflect the chemical composition of cloud condensation nuclei and of scavenged aerosol particles andgases presented in the region.     

The calculation of TV, VT, VV, VV′ - rate coefficients for the collisions of the main atmospheric components

The first-order perturbation approximation is applied to calculate the rate coefficients of vibrational energy transfer in collisions involving vibrationally excited molecules in the absence of non-adiabatic transitions. The factors of molecular attraction, oscillator frequency change, anharmonicity, 3-dimensionality and quasiclassical motion have been taken into account in the approximation. The analytical expressions presented have been normalized on experimental data of VT-relaxation times in N₂ and O₂ to obtain the steric factors and the extent of repulsive exchange potentials in collisions N₂–N₂ and O₂–O₂. The approach was applied to calculate the rate coefficients of vibrational-vibrational energy transfer in the collisions N₂–N₂, O₂–O₂ and N₂–O₂. It is shown that there is good agreement between our calculations and experimental data for all cases of energy transfer considered.     

A statistical study of the upstream intermediate ion boundary in the Earth’s foreshock

A statistical investigation of the location of onset of intermediate and gyrating ion populations in the Earths foreshock is presented based on Fixed Voltage Analyzer data from ISEE 1. This study reveals the existence of a spatial boundary for intermediate and gyrating ion populations that coincides with the reported ULF wave boundary. This boundary position in the Earths foreshock depends strongly upon the magnetic cone angle _BX and appears well defined for relatively large cone angles, though not for small cone angles. As reported in a previous study of the ULF wave boundary, the position of the intermediate-gyrating ion boundary is not compatible with a fixed growth rate of the waves resulting from the interaction between a uniform beam and the ambient plasma. The present work examines the momentum associated with protons which travel along this boundary, and we show that the variation of the boundary position (or equivalently, the associated particle momentum) with the cone angle is related to classical acceleration mechanisms at the bow shock surface. The same functional behavior as a function of the cone angle is obtained for the momentum predicted by an acceleration model and for the particle momentum associated with the boundary. However, the model predicts systematically larger values of the momentum than the observation related values by a constant amount; we suggest that this difference may be due to some momentum exchange between the incident solar-wind population and the backstreaming particles through a wave-particle interaction resulting from a beam plasma instability.     

Estimation of atomic oxygen concentrations from measured intensities of infrared nitric oxide radiation

The vibrational distribution of nitric oxide in the polar ionosphere computed according to the one-dimensional non-steady model of chemical and vibrational kinetics of the upper atmosphere has been compared with experimental data from rocket measurement. Some input parameters of the model have been varied to obtain the least-averaged deviation of the calculated population from experimental one. It is shown that the least deviation of our calculations from experimental measurements depends sufficiently on both the surprisal parameter of the production reaction of metastable atomic nitrogen with molecular oxygen and the profile of atomic oxygen concentration. The best agreement with the MSIS-83 profile was obtained for the value of surprisal parameter corresponding to recent laboratory estimations. The measured depression of level v = 2 is obtained in the calculation that uses sufficiently increased concentrations of atomic oxygen. It is pointed out that similar measurements of infrared radiation intensities could be used to estimate the atomic oxygen concentrations during auroral disturbances of the upper atmosphere.     

Thermoluminescence characteristics of quartz implanted by nickel ion

The implantation of artificial quartz with nickel ion has succeeded in using a heavy ion accelerator. The quartz with nickel ion is called ”nickel quartz“. The sensitivity of their thermoluminescence (TL) response to the beta radiation was decreased with the increasing of irradiating and heating times. Two TL characteristics have appeared: the sensitivity of TL response at lower temperature (ll0°C) peaks of the nickel quartz to beta radiation is higher than that of the pure quartz, this results from the Ni⁺¹ ion entering the quartz lattice; and a new peak appearing at 445°C may be related with both Ni⁺¹ and Ni⁺³.     

内蒙古多伦县沸石岩特征研究

本文首次报道内蒙古多伦县的白石头沟口和二等泉两个矿区的沸石岩特征。研究区沸石岩的矿物组合为斜发沸石、蒙脱石、长石、鳞石英、石英和少量的丝光沸石。沸石岩化学成分比较稳定,两个矿区沸石岩的ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值均在５．６左右,属高硅型沸石岩;白石头沟口沸石岩ｗ（Ｋ２Ｏ）＞ｗ（ＣａＯ）＞ｗ（Ｎａ２Ｏ）;二等泉沸石岩ｗ（ＣａＯ）＞ｗ（Ｋ２Ｏ）＞ｗ（Ｎａ２Ｏ）,属钙－钾型或钾－钙型沸石岩。沸石岩平均吸铵量约为９４×１０－２ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ,阳离子选择交换性能表现为Ｋ＋＞Ｎａ＋,Ｃａ２＋＞Ｍｇ２＋。多数沸石岩的热稳定性可稳定至７００℃不破坏结构。酸碱度平均值为７．３４～７．７５。     

碘酸钡置换碘-四氯化碳萃取光度法测定矿物气液包裹体中微量SO_4~(2-)

本文根据碘酸钡与矿物气液包裹体中ＳＯ２－４交换反应析出的碘酸根与碘化镉反应析出碘,采用碘－四氯化碳萃取光度法间接测定ＳＯ２－４,取得了较为满意的结果。     

红土中含铁离子物质的化学行为与力学效应

首先从地球化学理论上分析了铁离子的化学行为力学效应及其方向性,然后通过试验,研究了不同环境水溶液化学作用后的红层黏性土和冲积黏性土中铁离子的化学行为对土体的力学效应及其特性。试验结果表明:(1)含铁离子物质与水作用后的化学行为确实存在正反两方面的双向性力学效应;(2)含铁离子物质的双向性力学效应受环境水溶液的pH值和化学成分的控制;(3)酸性水溶液使含铁离子物质的胶结作用增强,使红土强度提高,形成正方向的力学效应;而碱性水溶液使含铁离子物质的胶结作用降低,形成负方向的力学效应。     

1 nm锰矿相的人工合成及其金属阳离子交换特性

人工合成了纯净的1 nm锰矿相,并进行1 nm锰矿相的离子交换实验,发现1 nm锰矿相具有很强的离子交换能力,这可能是多金属结核为何能够大量富集铜、钴、镍等有价金属元素的重要原因之一;不同的金属离子和1 nm锰矿相发生交换反应的能力也不相同,结核中几种主要的金属离子和 1nm锰矿相的交换能力的优先顺序排列为Cu2+＞ Co2+＞ Zn2+≥Ni2+＞ Ca2+＞ Mg2+,其原因可能是由于1 nm锰矿相具有特殊的类似隧道结构以及各金属离子的特性不同所造成的.