成矿过程中流体的作用及其主要研究方法

流体在成矿过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,它是成矿物质得以活化、迁移、富集的主要介质,同时流体的运移还能扩展有利的成矿空间,同位素地化学方法仍然是成矿流体研究的主要手段,实验地球化学、元素地球化学以及现代岩石学和矿物学研究方法在探讨流体的起源、演化等方面已发挥越来越重要的作用。每种方法均有其局限性,在实际工作中强调多种研究方法的结合十分必要。     

晋东北隐爆岩及其对金银的控矿意义

隐爆岩地晋东北次火山岩型金银矿具有重要的控制意义,它是在深源花岗岩浆浅成或超浅成入时,由气爆、浆爆和热液注入作用形成的。隐爆角砾岩可分为五种类型,并显示一定的水平和垂直分带性。隐爆岩在相对封闭的系统中形成,因而与火山颈相爆发角砾岩有一系列岩石特征差别,可作为两者区别的标志,。由于隐爆岩在花岗岩类岩浆多期次侵入和火山作用的最后阶段形成,因而是含矿热主最后载体,又由于隐爆岩在相对封闭的空间中形成,且民     

易崩落危岩的调查与防治

危岩崩落是山区常见的一种不良物理地质现象。本文从详实的现场调查资料着手,对危岩体的危害性进行了详细的分析、计算论证,并提出了具体的拦截、支挡和镶补沟缝等切实可行的防治措施。      

剪切带中矿化与非矿化地段流体——岩石相互作用差异性研究

以河南西峡石板沟金矿为例,选择了一条控矿剪切带,对其中成矿地段的近矿蚀变岩和非成矿地段糜棱岩进行了系统的采样,探讨了二者在流体-岩石反应及岩石质量平衡之间的差异性。研究表明,剪切带中矿化地段蚀变岩其岩石体积总是扩容的,非矿化地段糜棱岩在变形过程中体积是损失的。矿化地段蚀变岩活性元素(K、Na、Si)总体呈被带入趋势,非矿化地段糜棱岩活性元素总体呈迁出趋势,糜棱岩的流体岩石率(N_u为93.68—468.40)远大于蚀变岩的流体岩石率(Nc_(Ⅳ)^s为36.11-216.67),剪切带中常量元素与微量元素富集与损失是渗透性流体带入、带出,岩石的体积损失与扩容综合作用的结果。     

Fracturing around a preconditioned deep level gold mine stope

The mining faces of the highly stressed tabular stopes in South Africa's deep level gold mines are prone to a type of rock burst termed a face-burst. As a means of ameliorating these face-burst conditions, a destressing technique termed preconditioning has been employed. Part of the studies into the quantification of the effects and mechanisms of preconditioning was a detailed investigation of the fracture pattern around unpreconditioned and preconditioned stopes. Techniques included mapping of the fractures exposed in the mined areas of the stope, measurement of profiles of the stope hangingwall and the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). These studies indicate that preconditioning does not produce new sets of fractures and stress redistribution ahead of the face occurs by re-activation of specific pre-existing fractures, thereby reducing the potential for face-bursting.     

Single phase water flow through rock fractures

Flow analysis plays a major role in various geotechnical applications, and the understanding of flow mechanisms is essential for the development of a hydro-mechanical flow model suitable for underground excavations in rock. Discrete flow analysis through discontinuities is reviewed including empirical and analytical flow models. The influence of external loading on joint deformation and single-phase flow show that the surface roughness and aperture size are the prime factors influencing flow rate. Nevertheless, the idealization of natural fractures as smooth parallel plate joints is still followed in many numerical models, because of the simplicity of the cubic law when applied to fracture networks. A numerical study of water flow through a network of joints employing Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) is used to quantify the effects of joint orientation and external stress acting on idealized joints.It is found that, for the same joint spacing, the flow rate into an excavation depends on the boundary block size (A_b) relative to the excavation size (A_e). The inflow becomes excessive if A_b/A_e is less than 4, but becomes very small if A_b/A_e exceeds 8.     

Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of an Underground Excavation in Jointed Rock under Repeated Seismic Loading

Results from field observations of dynamic behaviour of an underground excavation have been compared with numerical studies of the rock deformation history. The field behaviour shows progressive accumulation of rock displacement and excavation deformation under successive episodes of dynamic loading. It is possible to reproduce the modes of rock response quite well using a Distinct Element model of the rock mass, but the way displacements develop is dependent on the joint model used in the analysis. It is suggested that, in rock masses subject to repeated dynamic loading, excavation design may need to take account of the prospect of repeated episodes of transient loading at the excavation site.     

Some recent advances in the modelling of soft rock joints in direct shear

This paper presents a review of recent developments made by the authors into the modelling of rock joints in direct shear. Careful observation of laboratory direct shear testing on concrete/rock joints containing two-dimensional roughness has allowed theoretical models of behaviour to be developed. The processes modelled include asperity sliding, asperity shearing, post-peak behaviour, asperity deformation and distribution of stresses on the joint interface. Model predictions compare extremely well with laboratory test results. These models were then applied to direct shear tests on rock/rock joints, and although behaviour in general was well predicted, the strength of rock/rock joints was over-predicted. Direct shear tests have also been carried out on samples containing both two- and three-dimensional roughness to test the accuracy of the two-dimensional approximation to roughness adopted in the theoretical models.     

江西雅山花岗岩长石中磷的分布及意义

雅山富氟高磷花岗岩具较高的全岩磷含量（０．１５％～０．５５％）,长石是磷的主要赋存矿物,磷以ＰＡｌＳｉ－２替换方式进入长石结构中。各种结晶习性的长石的磷含量各不相同。早世代钠长石和雪球结构中钠长石包裹体的结晶较早,平均磷含量分别为０．１８％和０．１９％,而晚世代钠长石和环带钾长石中钠长石嵌晶的结晶稍晚,具较高的平均磷含量（分别为０．２５％和０．２３％）。钾长石的磷含量相对于钠长石总体上较低,早期结晶的雪球结构主晶钾长石和环带钾长石的磷含量最低,分别为０．０４％和０．０２％,晚期细粒钾长石的平均磷含量略高（０．１９％）。长石对全岩磷的贡献率还与磷锂铝石等磷酸盐副矿物是否达到饱和有关,当无磷锂铝石结晶时,长石磷的贡献率约为７６％,反之则约为３１％。     

山西五台山地区照山一带基岩地球化学异常特征研究

本文通过五台山地区典型地段—照山一带基岩地球化学测量及异常特征的研究 ,并结合区域地质、构造等特征的综合分析 ,提出Au、Ag、Cu、Bi、As为区域金 (铜 )矿地球化学勘查的最佳指示元素组合 ;确定出三个较为重要的矿化带 (区 ) :一个是下龙宿沟—上龙宿沟铜—金矿化带 ,另一个是土岭铁建造金矿化带 ,第三个是台峪口金异常区 ;金矿化的形成受条带状铁建造的发育程度以及区域变质变形作用过程中热流体活动的叠加改造等共同制约。