Cenozoic high-K alkaline magmatism and associated Cu–Mo–Au mineralization in the Jinping–Fan Si Pan region,southeastern Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone,southwestern China–northwestern Vietnam

The Jinping–Fan Si Pan (JFP) Cenozoic magmatic and Cu–Mo–Au metallogenic belt in the southeastern part of the Ailao Shan shear zone host the Tongchang, Chang′an, Habo, and Chinh Sang Cu–Mo–Au deposits. These deposits form an integrated epithermal-porphyry regional mineralization system associated with 40–32 Ma high-K alkaline magmatism. The magmatic rocks in the belt have relatively low TiO₂ (<0.73 wt%), P₂O₅ (<0.29 wt%), and FeO^* (<4.99 wt%), and high Na₂O (2.86–4.75 wt%) and K₂O (4.01–7.98 wt%). They also have high contents of incompatible trace elements, and are enriched in LILE (Rb, Ba, K, Sr) and LREE. They have marked Nb, Ta, Ti and P depletion in primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams, and plot close to the EMII mantle field in the Sr–Nd isotopic diagram. These characteristics are similar to those of the Eocene high-K alkaline rocks along the northern Ailao Shan belt, eastern Tibet plateau. The sulfur and lead isotope analyses of sulfide minerals from both the ores and related magmatic rocks confirm the involvement of a magmatic ore fluid. The Cenozoic alkaline intrusions and Cu–Mo–Au mineralization in the JFP were formed prior to the initiation of left-lateral shearing along the Ailao Shan shear zone. The magmas appear to have been derived from enriched mantle, possibly with mixing of materials from the buried Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, and/or crust.     

Geochemical characteristics and geological implication of Zijinshan alkaline rocks in Lin County in the west of North China Craton

The Zijinshan rocks in Lvliang area of Shanxi Province, are one of the famous alkaline plutons in China. The petrography and petrogeochemistry of the main rocks of the rock mass were studied to explore the material source and geological significance of Zijinshan alkaline rock mass. The results show that Zijinshan rocks of all stages show characters of low silicon, rich alkali and high potassium, which indicates zijinshan rocks belong to potassium alkaline rocks. These rocks demonstrate a high degree of fractionation and are characterized by the richness of LREE and the poorness of HREE, without obvious Eu anomaly. The trace element pattern exhibits the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements, such as Rb, Ba, K and Sr, and relative depletion of high field strength elements, such as Th, Nb, Ta, La, Ce, Nd, P and Ti. The magma of Zijinshan rocks comes from a deeper source and is closely related to the enriched mantle. The mechanism of magma evolution is mainly partial melting and it may be inter-contamination of continental crust materials. Combined with the characteristics of alkaline and partial alkaline rocks of same age in many places in Shanxi, the authors deduce that the alkaline magma activity in the middle of North China during the Early Cretaceous is closely to the destruction of North China Craton under the background of the subduction of Pacific plate.     

Climate Change and Geochemistry May Explain the Finding of Marine Cyanobacteria in a Continental Saline Lake

正1 Introduction Alkaline Lake Khilganta located in a steppe zone of South Siberia(N 50°42'535,E 115°06'086)is unique among adjacent lakes because of a development of a thick(up to 3 cm)cyanobacterial mat dominated by     

Structural and metamorphic controls on the distribution of zircon in an evolving quartzofeldspathic migmatite: an example from the Reynolds Range, central Australia

Three types of zircon occur in a complexly deformed and variably migmatized quartzofeldspathic gneiss from the Reynolds Range, central Australia. The oldest type is inherited from the granitic precursor of the gneiss, and is overgrown by a second group of zircon grains that formed during prograde, granulite facies metamorphism. Partial melting of the gneiss resulted in solution of both the inherited and metamorphic zircon. No new zircon growth accompanied crystallization of the partial melt, suggesting loss of zirconium–rich residual fluids. Hydrous, amphibolite facies retrogression of the gneiss and its migmatized variants during late shearing produced new, idiomorphic zircon in both the shear zone and its wall rocks.
Important implications of this study are that (i) zircon has a tendency to dissolve if it comes into direct contact with a melt produced from anhydrous biotite breakdown in a quartzofeldspathic granulite, (ii) melt crystallization is not necessarily accompanied by zircon growth, and (iii) euhedral zircon can grow from a hydrous fluid phase under subsolidus, amphibolite facies conditions, e.g. within shear zones.     

胶南-威海造山带与罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆相关问题的初步探讨

胶南-威海造山带中的榴辉岩为晋宁早期板块俯冲作用的产物;沿造山带广泛分布的花岗质片麻岩,则为晋宁晚期板块由俯冲转为碰撞过程中同造山岩浆事件的产物.它们与全球性的格林威尔造山运动属同一事件范畴,但具有明显的穿时性.侵入于同造山花岗质片麻岩的片麻状花岗岩及震旦纪朋河石组,为后造山伸展机制下发生的岩浆及沉积事件的产物,与700～650Ma期间Rodinia超大陆的裂解作用密切相关.     

洛南任家滩-荞麦山正长斑岩成因及其对古元古代晚期裂解的指示--岩石化学及锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通南缘的陕西洛南-河南豫西地区出露一系列形成于1.8~1.6Ga的碱性岩,对这些碱性岩的研究有助于提高对华北克拉通南缘古元古代构造环境的认识。本文选取陕西省洛南县任家滩-荞麦山一带碱性侵入体进行系统的岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,讨论了其成因机制和构造背景。研究表明,任家滩-荞麦山岩体的主体岩性为正长斑岩,加权平均年龄为1689±20Ma（MSWD=0.12）,表明其侵位时代为古元古代。该岩体富碱（Na2O+K2O=7.95% ~ 9.5%）,高钾（K2O=4.67% ~ 8.51%）;稀土元素总量较高（496.15×10-6 ~ 650.16×10-6,平均543.06×10-6）,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素相对富集（LREE=454×10-6 ~ 605×10-6）,重稀土元素亏损（HREE=39.3×10-6 ~ 45.6×10-6）,具有弱负铕异常;K、Rb、Ba、Th富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti亏损,并且具有明显的Sr负异常。εHf（t）值<0,TDM1值为2038 ~ 2218Ma,TDM2值为2250 ~ 2516Ma,说明岩浆源区物质与富集地幔有关或受到过地壳物质的混染。因此,任家滩-荞麦山岩体是由地幔玄武质岩浆与地壳基底太华杂岩形成的中酸性花岗质岩浆混合后形成的熔体,经强烈的结晶分异作用形成的,其形成于陆内裂谷的构造环境,是华北克拉通南缘对哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的响应。     

华北克拉通南缘小秦岭地区花岗质浅色脉体锆石U-Pb年龄、稀土元素特征及其地质意义

小秦岭地区发育有大量古元古代晚期的花岗质浅色脉体, 这为理解同时期华北克拉通南缘的深熔作用和构造演化提供了重要的窗口。本文对小秦岭地区三条花岗质浅色脉体中的锆石开展了CL图像、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及稀土元素的研究。浅色脉体中的锆石具有深熔成因锆石的斑杂状、平面状或弱振荡环带的内部结构及较为自形的外部形态特征, 测得的锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为(1867±13) Ma (MSWD=0.22, n=21)、(1849±17) Ma (MSWD=0.79)和(1828±15) Ma (MSWD=0.33, n=20), 代表了该区深熔作用发生的时间。与上述三组年龄相对应, 其锆石稀土元素配分曲线由具较弱负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.12~0.81)的重稀土相对富集型, 转变为中等负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.29~0.61)的近平坦重稀土型、再到显著负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.54)的重稀土富集型, 结合锆石Ti温度计获取其结晶温度为574~708 °C, 表明地壳深熔作用的发生可能与高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相的退变质作用有关。结合前人的变质年代学数据可知, 小秦岭地区1.87~1.82 Ga的深熔作用应与~1.95 Ga时东、西部陆块碰撞造山所致增厚地壳的长期抬升和冷却过程有关。     

河南方城大庄铌-稀土矿床碱性正长岩成矿机理研究

【研究目的】河南方城大庄是新探明的中型铌-稀土矿床（Nb₂O₃资源量16245 t;伴生TRE₂O₃资源量30147 t）,矿体主要赋存在碱性正长岩内。【研究方法】本文在野外地质调查基础上,对含矿碱性正长岩与无矿碱性正长岩开展了岩石学、岩相学和地球化学的对比研究。【研究结果】研究结果表明,含矿与无矿碱性正长岩均富碱、富铝,为典型的A型花岗岩,两类岩石的碱金属含量无明显差别,但（Na₂O+K₂O）/CaO、FeO^*/MgO、K₂O/MgO等参数明显不同。含矿碱性正长岩高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、U、Th、Zr、Y明显富集,Ba、Sr、P、Eu明显亏损;无矿碱性正长岩大离子亲石元素Rb、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Y和Th元素明显富集,而Ba、U、Sr、P、Ti和重稀土元素明显亏损,但亏损程度低于含矿碱性正长岩。【结论】方城大庄含矿碱性正长岩不是无矿碱性正长岩热液蚀变（钠长石化）的结果,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段溶体固结的产物,含矿碱性正长岩的分异演化程度明显高于无矿化的碱性正长岩。方城大庄稀有稀土元素的富集与岩浆高演化、分异过程密切相关。这一研究可为区域找矿勘查提供一定的地质依据。创新点：岩石学和地球化学对比研究显示大庄Nb-REE矿中含矿碱性正长岩具有比无矿岩体更高的演化程度,表明成矿元素的富集与岩浆高分异演化密切相关,为找矿勘查提供了一定的岩石学证据。     

内蒙古大青山地区古元古代早期榴云片麻岩(大青山表壳岩)深熔作用:地质、锆石年代学和地球化学研究

大青山位于华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带中段,古元古代晚期孔兹岩系(上乌拉山岩群)十分发育。近年来,在上乌拉山岩群中分辨出一套古元古代早期变质碎屑沉积岩(大青山表壳岩,榴云片麻岩),它们遭受强烈变质变形和深熔作用改造,形成古元古代早期石榴石花岗岩。包头哈德门沟是古元古代早期榴云片麻岩典型出露区,并有古元古代早期石榴石花岗岩(哈德门沟石榴石花岗岩)形成。由榴云片麻岩经深熔榴云片麻岩再到石榴石花岗岩,浅色体增多,石榴石增多且颗粒增大,黑云母减少,石榴石包裹黑云母、石英、斜长石等矿物。石榴石岩的锆石呈浑圆状,普遍具核-幔-边或核-边结构,碎屑锆石年龄为~2.5Ga,变质锆石年龄为~2.45Ga和~1.90Ga。锆石形态、内部结构和年龄与榴云片麻岩、深熔榴云片麻岩和石榴石花岗岩中的锆石类似,但记录了古元古代晚期变质事件年龄。石榴石花岗岩与榴云片麻岩和深熔榴云片麻岩的地球化学组成特征总体上类似,高Al2O3含量和FeO T/MgO比值,CaO含量和K2O/Na2O比值存在较大变化,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti。研究表明:1)浅色体和石榴石花岗岩中的石榴石是黑云母转熔的产物,并非岩浆结晶形成的;2)石榴石岩是在石榴石花岗岩岩浆形成之后进一步演化过程中石榴石不断地发生运移、分异和聚集的结果;3)尽管哈德门沟石榴石花岗岩具有一定或较大的规模,但具有深熔岩浆的性质;4)石榴石花岗岩地球化学组成变化与熔融母岩组成变化和深熔及岩浆演化过程中残余矿物相石榴石、锆石局部变化有关。     

西藏玉龙铜矿床成矿斑岩的厘定及地质意义

位于青藏高原东缘的玉龙铜矿是我国最大的斑岩铜矿之一,其形成一致认为与矿区中心产出的二长花岗质复式斑岩体有关,但成矿与复式岩体的确切关系并不清楚。本文通过详细的野外地质填图,特别是矿床8号勘探线12个钻孔的重新编录,在复式岩体中识别出一套花岗斑岩岩枝,岩枝中不规则状石英-钾长石脉广泛发育,同时还见有单向固结结构、粗晶及细晶结构,这些特征表明该岩浆中的流体曾经发生过饱和。同时结合矿床高品位(0.6%,质量分数)铜矿化紧密围绕花岗斑岩分布、含矿脉体自花岗斑岩向外围逐渐由高温石英-钾长石A脉过渡为中低温石英-硫化物脉、热液蚀变自花岗斑岩向外由高温钾硅酸盐化过渡为中低温石英-绢云母化的规律,最终确定这套花岗斑岩为玉龙矿床的成矿斑岩。玉龙铜矿成矿斑岩的厘定,较好地解释了矿床矿化类型及金属的分布规律,为进一步深入理解矿床形成过程提供了帮助。