Neotectonic and volcanic characteristics of the Karasu fault zone (Anatolia,Turkey): The transition zone between the Dead Sea transform and the East Anatolian fault zone

Abstract

The Karasu Rift (Antakya province, SE Turkey) has developed between east-dipping, NNE-striking faults of the Karasu fault zone, which define the western margin of the rift and westdipping, N-S to N20°-30°E-striking faults of Dead Sea Transform fault zone (DST) in the central part and eastern margin of the rift. The strand of the Karasu fault zone that bounds the basin from west forms a linkage zone between the DST and the East Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ). The greater vertical offset on the western margin faults relative to the eastern ones indicates asymmetrical evolution of the rift as implied by the higher escarpments and accumulation of extensive, thick alluvial fans on the western margins of the rift. The thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary fill is more than 465 m, with clastic sediments intercalated with basaltic lavas. The Quaternary alkali basaltic volcanism accompanied fluvial to lacustrine sedimentation between 1.57 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.03 Ma. The faults are left-lateral oblique-slip faults as indicated by left-stepping faulting patterns, slip-lineation data and left-laterally offset lava flows and stream channels along the Karasu fault zone. At Hacilar village, an offset lava flow, dated to 0.08 ± 0.06 Ma, indicates a rate of leftlateral oblique slip of approximately 4.1 mm?year^?1. Overall, the Karasu Rift is an asymmetrical transtensional basin, which has developed between seismically active splays of the left-lateral DST and the left-lateral oblique-slip Karasu fault zone during the neotectonic period. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS     

Petrology of the Yugu peridotites in the Gyeonggi Massif,South Korea: Implications for its origin and hydration process

Peridotites exposed in the Yugu area in the Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea, near the boundary with the Okcheon Belt, exhibit mylonitic to strongly porphyroclastic textures, and are mostly spinel lherzolites. Subordinate dunites, harzburgites, and websterites are associated with the lherzolites. Amphiboles, often zoned from hornblende in the core to tremolite in the rim, are found only as neoblasts. Porphyroclasts have recorded equilibrium temperatures of about 1000°C, whereas neoblasts denote lower temperatures, about 800°C. Olivines are Fo_90–91 in lherzolites and Fo₉₁ in a dunite and a harzburgite. The Cr# (= Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio) of spinels varies together with the Fo of olivines, being from 0.1 to 0.3 in lherzolites and around 0.5 in the dunite and harzburgite. The Na₂O content of clinopyroxene porphyroclasts is relatively low, around 0.3 to 0.5 wt% in the most fertile lherzolite. The Yugu peridotites are similar in porphyroclast mineral chemistry not to continental spinel peridotites but to sub‐arc or abyssal peridotites. Textural and mineralogical characteristics indicate the successive cooling with hydration from the upper mantle to crustal conditions for the Yugu peridotites. Almost all clinopyroxenes and amphiboles show the same U‐shaped rare earth element (REE) patterns although the level is up to ten times higher for the latter. The hydration was associated with enrichment in light REE, resulting from either a slab‐derived fluid or a fluid circulating in the crust. The mantle‐wedge or abyssal peridotites were emplaced into the continental crust as the Yugu peridotite body during collision of continents to form a high‐pressure metamorphic belt in the Gyeonggi Massif. The peridotites from the Gyeonggi Massif exhibit lower‐pressure equilibration than peridotites, with or without garnets, from the Dabie–Sulu Collision Belt, China, which is possibly a westward extension of the Gyeonggi Massif.     

Evolution of the late Pleistocene Mojanda–Fuya Fuya volcanic complex (Ecuador), by progressive adakitic involvement in mantle magma sources

The Mojanda–Fuya Fuya Volcanic Complex consists of two nearby volcanoes, Mojanda and Fuya Fuya. The older one, Mojanda volcano (0.6 to 0.2 Ma), was first constructed by andesites and high-silica andesites forming a large stratovolcano (Lower Mojanda). This edifice was capped by a basaltic andesite and andesitic cone (Upper Mojanda), which collapsed later to form a 3-km-wide summit caldera, after large phreatomagmatic eruptions. The Lower Fuya Fuya edifice was constructed by the extrusion of viscous Si-rich andesitic lavas and dacitic domes, and the emission of a thick sequence of pyroclastic-flow and fallout deposits which include two voluminous rhyolitic layers. An intermediate construction phase at Fuya Fuya is represented by a mainly effusive cone, andesitic in composition (San Bartolo edifice), the construction of which was interrupted by a major sector collapse in the Late Pleistocene. Finally, a complex of thick siliceous lavas and domes was emplaced within the avalanche amphitheatre, forming the Upper Fuya Fuya volcanic centre. This paper shows that the general evolution from an effusive to an explosive eruptive style is related to a progressive adakitic contribution to the magma source. Although all the rocks of the complex are included in the medium-K field of continental arcs, the Fuya Fuya suite (61–75 wt.% SiO₂) shows depletion in Y and HREE and high Sr/Y and La/Yb values, compared to the less silicic Mojanda suite (55–66.5 wt.% SiO₂). The Mojanda calc-alkaline suite was generated by partial melting of an adakite-metasomatised mantle source that left a residue with 2% garnet, followed by fractional crystallization of dominant plagioclase + pyroxene + olivine at shallow, intra-crustal depths. For Fuya Fuya, geochemical and mineralogical data suggest either (1) partial melting of a similar metasomatised mantle with more garnet in the residue (4%), followed by fractional crystallization involving plagioclase, amphibole and pyroxene, or (2) mixing of mafic mantle-derived magma from the Mojanda suite and slab melts, followed by the same fractional crystallization process.     

白云鄂博赋矿白云岩与微晶丘和碳酸岩墙的碳氧同位素对比研究

本文通过方解石和白云石的碳和氧同位素分析,对比研究了白云鄂博赋矿白云岩、黑脑包微晶丘、北京西山微晶丘、宽沟北正常沉积灰岩和白云鄂博碳酸岩墙,从而探讨了赋矿白云岩的成因及其与超大型Fe-Nb-REE矿床的成因关系。结果为:①黑脑包腮林忽洞群顶部微晶丘和北京西山寒武系顶部微晶丘碳酸盐的δ~(13)C值都在0±2‰左右,δ~(18)O值为18.3‰～25.1‰,均具有典型海相沉积碳酸盐岩的特点;②白云鄂博东矿采场δ~(13)C值为-7.9‰～-1.1‰,δ~(18)O值为9.1‰～20.9‰;矿区东西两端δ~(13)C值-7.9‰～-0.6‰,δ~(18)O值8.6‰～25.7‰;均介于地幔流体与典型沉积碳酸盐岩之间。部分赋矿白云岩样品中白云石与方解石之间的碳氧同位素分馏△~(13)C和△~(18)O值均小于0‰,表明其受到过次生蚀变作用,低δ~(18)O值白云石样品所对应的负△~(18)O值反映了地幔镁质流体对沉积碳酸盐岩的强烈交代作用;③矿区—富稀土碳酸岩墙的δ~(13)C值为-7.2‰～-4.7‰,δ~(18)O价值为11.9‰～16.4‰,表明其碳酸岩岩浆并非原始地幔来源,而可能与俯冲板块携带的沉积碳酸盐岩与地幔流体在深部的高温混合熔融有关。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于0‰,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,至少其中之一为     

内蒙古东七一山碱长花岗岩的地球化学特征和成因

东七一山碱长花岗岩是内蒙古北山地区规模最大的稀有金属矿化花岗岩,本文在前期岩石学及成矿特征研究基础上,首次对其岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学及年代学进行了分析探讨。岩石富硅、富碱,贫Ti、Fe、Mg、Mn等基性组分,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素配分模式显示Eu强亏损特征,δEu<0.1,Ba、Sr、P、Ti相对地幔显著亏损,而Rb、Nb+Ta、W、Mo、Li等元素明显富集。两类碱长花岗岩的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为128.2±1.1 Ma,相关系数为0.999 9,ISr=0.709 79,说明岩体的物质来源具有明显的壳源特征。147Sm/144Nd值相对亏损地幔值偏高,而143Nd/144Nd值偏低,Pb同位素以富含放射性成因铅为特征。结合岩石学和产出环境研究成果,认为该碱长花岗岩是在燕山晚期,由区域钾长花岗岩浆在壳层挤压-拉伸环境中进一步分异演化形成的,先形成的是碱长花岗斑岩,构成了似斑状碱长花岗岩的外部相,而似斑状碱长花岗岩是在相对封闭且挥发组分和稀有元素进一步富集、结晶分异较缓慢的过程中形成的,由残余流体产生的自交代作用也相对更发育,导致形成与锂云母化、次生钠长石化和硅化关系更密切的铌-钽、钨、锡、铷等稀有金属矿化。以上认识对在北山地区寻找与中生代花岗岩浆活动有关的金属矿产,特别是铌-钽、钨、锡、铷、钼矿产,具有重要的指导意义。     

Jadeitites, albitites and related rocks from the Motagua Fault Zone, Guatemala

Jadeitites from Guatemala are found as weathered blocks in tectonized serpentinite in a 15-km zone north of the Motagua Fault Zone. Rock types found with jadeitite include albitites, albite-mica rocks, omphacite/taramitic amphibole-bearing metabasites, chlorite-actinolite schists, talc-carbonate rocks and antigorite schists. In addition to the predominant jadeitic (Jd₉₃_₁₀₀) pyroxene, common phases in jadeitite include micas (paragonite and/or phengite ± rarer phlogopite), omphacite, albite, titanite /Pm zircon, apatite and graphite. Conditions of jadeitite formation are 100-400d? C, 5-11 kbar with 0.0 > log₁₀a_sio2≥= 0.7. Fluid inclusions, coarse textures, vein structures, and rhythmic zoning of pyroxene indicate an aqueuos fluid was involved. Jadeitites are either (1) metasomatic modifications of former felsic-to-pelitic inclusions that have undergone silica depletion plus efficient soda exchange and enrichment, or (2) solution precipitations derived from such a source. The close spatial relationship of faults and shear zones, serpentinites, and jadeitites suggests jadeitites form in a relatively high-P/T setting with substantial flow of sodic fluid in a tectonized zone. Most Guatemalan jadeitites are extensively altered to analcime, albite, taramitic amphibole, (clino)zoisite ± nepheline and preiswerkite. This alteration reflects depressurization /Pm heating to below the jadeite + fluid = analcime reaction at high a_Na. With progressive alteration, analcime and nepheline are replaced by albite; the increase in silica content may result from fluid flowing up a tectonized zone reaching saturation with an albite assemblage. Albitite phases, albite, actinolite, zoisite, /Pm chlorite, phengite, K-feldspar and quartz, record conditions of c. 3-8 kbar at T < 400d? C, indicating a clockwise P-T trajectory of the blocks. Barium aluminosilicates—banalsite, celsian, cymrite and hyalophane—are common minor late-stage phases in jadeitites and albite-rich rocks. Barian phengite is common in albite-mica rocks.     

海南岛蓬莱地区超镁铁岩包体及其寄主玄武岩的研究

蓬莱地区寄主玄武岩为晚第三纪火山喷发的产物,主要岩石为碧玄岩,碱性橄榄玄武岩和橄榄玄武岩,其中含有超镁铁岩包体。寄主玄武岩属碱性系列,是地幔橄榄岩低度部分熔融的产物。超镁铁岩包体具有局部熔融的迹象和弱亏损型地幔岩的特征,推测为上地幔橄榄岩低度部分熔融后的难熔残余。     

Features of the Early Palaeozoic Mantle beneath Langao County and Its Formation Mechanism

Phlogopite-amphibole pyroxenite xenoliths contained in an Early Palaeozoic alkali subvolcanic lam-prophyre complex in Langao County, Shaanxi Province, are metasomatized mantle xenoliths, composed mainly of clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, apatite, pervoskite, ilmenite and sphene with well-developed subsolidus metamorphism-deformation textures, such as "triple points" and "cataclastic boundaries" . Minerological studies indicate that clinopyroxene is rich in SiO2 and MgO and poor in TiO2 and Al2O3, which is notably different from magmatogenic deep-seated megacrysts and phenocrysts formed in the range of mantle pressure. Amphibole and phlogopite have the compositional feature of mantle-derived amphibole and phlogopite. Sm-Nd isotope studies suggest that the metasomatized mantle beneath Langao County is the product of metasomatism of primitive mantle by melt (fluid) derived from the mantle plume, and the mantle metasomatism occurred 650 Ma ago. The process of mantle metasomatism changed from mantle me     

碱性玄武岩中的某些巨晶单斜辉石──Ⅱ:穆斯堡尔谱──兼论单斜辉石的异常穆斯堡尔谱和铁结构态的测定

本文对辽宁宽甸碱性玄武岩中巨晶单斜辉石进行穆斯堡尔谱研究。应用晶体结构研究结果较合理地解释了单斜辉石的异常穆斯堡尔谱。结合XRD讨论了单斜辉石中Fe结构态的测定以及穆斯堡尔谱的可应用性。巨晶应结晶于相当氧化的环境。     

骨架矿物—粘土矿物碱耗协同效应研究

选择了克拉玛依油田二中区Ｔ２ｋ１砂砾岩储层中的六种储层矿物,石英,正长石,微斜长石,Ｃａ－蒙脱石,高岭石,伊利石。在不同的条件下研究了这六种矿物的碱耗量,还研究骨架矿物与粘土矿物按照一定的质量配比而成的复配矿物的碱耗量,探讨了矿物碱耗的协同效应,结果表明单矿物的碱耗序列为,蒙脱石（Ｓ）〉高岭石（Ｋ）〉伊利石（Ｉ）〉微斜长石（Ｍ）〉石英（Ｑ）〉正长石（Ｊ）,复配物的碱耗总体上受粘土矿物控制,尤其是蒙