Carbon Enrichment in the Lithospheric Mantle: Evidence from the Melt Inclusions in Mantle Xenoliths from the Hainan Basalts

It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs. However, the location of carbon storage in Earth’s interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear. In this study, we report CO₂-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area, Hainan Province, which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle. We also present ...     

相山铀矿田鹏姑山地区热液蚀变地球化学特征及其对找矿的启示

江西相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀矿田之一。鹏姑山地区位于相山铀矿田西部,毗邻邹家山、居隆庵等大型铀矿床,成矿地质条件较好。近些年,鹏姑山地区铀矿勘查取得重要突破,区内热液蚀变具有典型的高温蚀变特征,晚期叠加蚀变较少,是研究高温热液蚀变与铀矿化关系的理想场所。鉴于此,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,通过岩相学和全岩地球化学分析,研究了鹏姑山地区高温热液蚀变的地球化学特征,探讨了高温热液蚀变特征及其与铀矿化的关系。研究结果表明,鹏姑山地区高温热液蚀变主要以钠长石化、去硅化、绿泥石化和伊利石化为主,局部叠加有磷灰石化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化和硅化。铀矿化与钠长石化、磷灰石化、碳酸盐化和去硅化蚀变关系较为密切。研究区铀矿化属碱交代型铀矿化,形成于中高温的还原性环境,磷灰石化促使了高品位铀矿化的形成。在碱交代蚀变之上叠加的磷灰石化和碳酸盐化在矿体部位发育最强烈,可视为鹏姑山地区找矿勘查中最重要的找矿标志。     

五莲七宝山地区早白垩世碱性侵入岩成因及其地质意义

山东五莲七宝山地区早白垩世的碱性侵入岩位于火山机构的中央部位,该岩体具有高Ba-Sr含量、高Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比、低Ti/Eu比等特征,前人的研究指出其起源于岩石圈地幔。然而,该侵入体中的岩性与成分变化所反映的深部动力学过程尚未理清。本文对七宝山二长辉长岩和两类辉石二长岩开展了详细的矿物学和岩石地球化学研究,识别出钠质和钾质两类钾玄质岩石系列。该套碱性中基性侵入岩具有富碱、富轻稀土和富大离子亲石元素的特征,同时具有高的(La/Yb)_N和(Gd/Yb)_N值。碱性侵入岩中两类单斜辉石和两类斜长石作为再循环晶,记录了不同批次岩浆/熔体的混合,这些矿物组分和全岩成分共同约束了岩浆的起源与演化过程。结合前人的地球化学资料,本文指出七宝山碱性侵入岩的源区是曾受到沉积物交代的富集地幔,源区存在金云母脉体和角闪石脉体。上述脉体连同周围的地幔橄榄岩共同发生部分熔融,形成原生的碱性熔体。七宝山碱性侵入岩显示高的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比、低的Ti/Eu比,同时在微量元素蜘蛛图上呈现Ti^*和Hf^*的负异常,结合高稀土单斜辉石平衡熔体的属性,共同指示了碳酸盐熔体组分对该套碱性侵入岩的形成发挥了重要作用。钠质系列与钾质系列岩石反映了源区富碱矿物相类型相对贡献量的差异,即钠质为主的碱性岩反映源区角闪石的贡献更大,而钾质为主的碱性岩反映源区金云母的贡献占优势。此外,碱性侵入岩中的钾质系列具有异常高的Rb-Zr-Hf-U含量,很可能反映了源区在部分熔融过程中热液锆石熔解后形成的熔体加入到了钾质岩浆房内。本研究强调了碳酸盐熔体组分对高Nb/Ta碱性中基性的形成发挥着重要作用,亦强调了热液锆石的熔解加入导致岩浆具有高Zr-Hf-U含量的特征。     

催化极谱法同时测定化探样品中的钨、钼

样品经碱熔分解,热水浸取,干扰元素铁、锰、钴、镍等形成氢氧化物沉淀与钨、钼分离。分取清液,在硫酸-苦杏仁酸-氯酸钠-辛可宁底液中,钨和钼均能产生灵敏的极谱催化波,峰电位分别为-0.76V和-0.25V(对饱和甘汞电极而言),固定试液体积,混合底液用针管一次加入,节省了稀释、定容、混匀的步骤,在JP4000型示波极谱仪上一次扫描同时测定钨和钼的峰电流,以峰高为纵坐标、含量为横坐标绘制工作曲线,直接计算出样品中钨、钼的含量,方法检出限(以三倍标准偏差计算)钨0.21μg/g,钼0.17μg/g,测定体系中,钨、钼分别在0.02~10.0μg范围内成良好的线性关系。     

黑龙江晨明地区两个晚三叠世岩体的地球化学特征及其意义

通过LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb测年及岩石化学分析,研究了黑龙江晨明地区跃进村岩体和云头砬子岩体的年代学、地球化学和形成环境。结果表明,跃进村岩体和云头砬子岩体的年龄分别为213±3 Ma和209±3 Ma,属于晚三叠世中期岩体。跃进村岩体岩性以石英二长岩为主,属于准铝质、钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素略亏损,属于I型花岗岩。云头砬子岩体岩性以碱长花岗岩为主,属于准铝质、碱性系列,轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素略亏损,属于A型花岗岩。两个岩体可能形成于海西—印支期造山带的造山隆起至后造山伸展环境的转换期。     

新型玻陶节能原料——霞石正长岩

霞石正长岩是一种新型玻陶原料 ,在国外广为开发利用。由于它含大量碱金属和碱土金属元素 ,因此在玻陶烧成工艺过程中能起到助熔作用 ,加速烧成反应 ,缩短烧成时间 ,降低烧成温度 ,提高产品稳定性 ,起到节能降耗的经济效果。我省是全国三大玻璃生产地之一 ,又是陶瓷之乡 ,同时拥有矿石储量大、质量好 ,交通运输条件优越的霞石正长岩配套资源 ,国内实属罕见。在当今长石资源匮乏情况下 ,应充分利用这一优势 ,大力推广开发利用当地资源 ,促进玻陶企业进一步发展 ,振兴经济     

海南地幔柱与南海形成演化

东南亚上地幔地震层析成像表明,海南岛周围之下存在地幔柱,近垂直的低波速柱体位于海南岛及南海之下,从浅部向下穿越660 km的不连续面处（上下地幔的分界面）并一直延伸到1 900 km。南海及周边地区包括雷琼半岛、海南岛、北部湾盆地、广西北海涠洲岛、以及中南半岛等地,分布有一定量的新生代碱性玄武岩,它们的地球化学数据显示出OIB的特点并具有DUPAL异常,表明其源区较深。此外,由南海新生代碱性玄武岩中的橄榄石-流体平衡所推导的南海底地幔潜在温度（ 1 661℃）位于夏威夷（1 688℃）与冰岛热点（1 637℃）相应值之间,为海南岛地幔柱的存在提供了岩石学及矿物化学方面的约束。基于以上地球物理学、地球化学及矿物化学方面的证据,结合数字模拟实验资料,表明在海南岛及邻近区域之下存在地幔柱。建立了一个南海形成演化的初步模型：（1）50~32 Ma,印度洋板块-欧亚板块碰撞及其所导致的太平洋板块后退的综合效应为南海地区提供了一个伸展环境,进而为地幔柱物质的上升提供了通道;（2）32~21 Ma,当地幔柱柱头到达软流圈时, 由于侧向物质流与扩张中心发生相互作用,促进了南海的扩张,并在26~24 Ma期间发生了洋脊重新就位,使扩张中心从原来的18°N附近（即现今西北海盆的中心）调整到15.5°N附近（即现今的东部亚盆）;（3）21~15.5 Ma, 随着地幔柱效应的逐渐增强,热点-洋脊相互作用越来越强烈,在大约21 Ma发生了洋脊的再次重新就位事件,诱发了西南海盆的扩张;（4）15.5 Ma~现在,由于印澳板块前缘与巽他大陆碰撞,使得南海大约在15.5 Ma停止扩张,并沿着南沙海槽及吕宋海沟向菲律宾岛弧及巴拉望地块之下俯冲,而南海热点继续活动,直到第四纪还有碱性玄武岩喷出 地表。     

Cryptic metasomatic agent measured in situ in Variscan mantle rocks: Melt inclusions in garnet of eclogite,Granulitgebirge, Germany

Garnet of eclogite (formerly termed garnet clinopyroxenite) hosted in lenses of orogenic garnet peridotite from the Granulitgebirge, NW Bohemian Massif, contains unique inclusions of granitic melt, now either glassy or crystallized. Analysed glasses and re-homogenized inclusions are hydrous, peraluminous, and enriched in highly incompatible elements characteristic of the continental crust such as Cs, Li, B, Pb, Rb, Th, and U. The original melt thus represents a pristine, chemically evolved metasomatic agent, which infiltrated the mantle via deep continental subduction during the Variscan orogeny. The bulk chemical composition of the studied eclogites is similar to that of Fe-rich basalt and the enrichment in LILE and U suggest a subduction-related component. All these geochemical features confirm metasomatism. In comparison with many other garnet+clinopyroxene-bearing lenses in peridotites of the Bohemian Massif, the studied samples from Rubinberg and Klatschmühle are more akin to eclogite than pyroxenites, as reflected in high jadeite content in clinopyroxene, relatively low Mg, Cr, and Ni but relatively high Ti. However, trace elements of both bulk rock and individual mineral phases show also important differences making these samples rather unique. Metasomatism involving a melt requiring a trace element pattern very similar to the composition reported here has been suggested for the source region of rocks of the so-called durbachite suite, that is, ultrapotassic melanosyenites, which are found throughout the high-grade Variscan basement. Moreover, the Th, U, Pb, Nb, Ta, and Ti patterns of these newly studied melt inclusions (MI) strongly resemble those observed for peridotite and its enclosed pyroxenite from the T-7 borehole (Staré, České Středhoři Mountains) in N Bohemia. This suggests that a similar kind of crustal-derived melt also occurred here. This study of granitic MI in eclogites from peridotites has provided the first direct characterization of a preserved metasomatic melt, possibly responsible for the metasomatism of several parts of the mantle in the Variscides.     

Metasomatism-induced wehrlite formation in the upper mantle beneath the Nógrád-G?m?r Volcanic Field(Northern Pannonian Basin):Evidence from xenoliths

Clinopyroxene-enriched upper mantle xenoliths classified as wehrlites are common(～20% of all xenoliths) in the central part of the Nograd-G(o| ")m(o|")r Volcanic Field(NGVF),situated in the northern margin of the Pannonian Basin in northern Hungary and southern Slovakia.In this study,we thoroughly investigated 12 wehrlite xenoliths,two from each wehrlite-bearing occurrence,to determine the conditions of their formation.Specific textural features,including clinopyroxene-rich patches in an olivine-rich lithology,orthopyroxene remnants in the cores of newlyformed clinopyroxenes and vermicular spinel forms all suggest that wehrlites were formed as a result of intensive interaction between a metasomatic agent and the peridotite wall rock.Based on the major and trace element geochemistry of the rock-forming minerals,significant enrichment in basaltic(Fe,Mn,Ti) and high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,Hf,Zr) was observed,compared to compositions of common lherzolite xenoliths.The presence of orthopyroxene remnants and geochemical trends in rock-forming minerals suggest that the metasomatic process ceased before complete wehrlitization was achieved.The composition of the metasomatic agent is interpreted to be a mafic silicate melt,which was further confirmed by numerical modelling of trace elements using the plate model.The model results also show that the melt/rock ratio played a key role in the degree of petrographic and geochemical transformation.The lack of equilibrium and the conclusions drawn by using variable lherzolitic precursors in the model both suggest that wehrlitization was the last event that occurred shortly before xenolith entrainment in the host mafic melt.We suggest that the wehrlitization and the Plio-Pleistocene basaltic volcanism are related to the same magmatic event.     

黑龙江省碾子山地区铌、钽矿地球化学特征及评价

为提高碾子山地区铌、钽矿的地球化学特征研究程度,通过1:1 万土壤地球化学测量,对区内地球化学元素含量特征、单元素异常特征、综合异常特征等进行研究分析。结果表明: 碾子山地区Nb、Ta等元素在研究区位于高背景场,在土壤中分布不均,存在局部富集成矿的可能; R型聚类分析将18种元素分为贵金属、有色金属元素,稀有、稀土元素和分散元素3组,显示为正长花岗岩体元素聚类组合特征,表明铌、钽矿与花岗岩体关系密切; 研究区共圈出土壤单元素异常521处,综合异常12处,其中碾-2012-Ht-2、碾-2012-Ht-7和碾-2012-Ht-11 3处综合异常为重点异常,成矿潜力较大。经槽探及钻探工程验证,共发现铌、钽低品位矿体3条,铌、钽矿化体11条,呈脉状分布于早白垩世碱性花岗岩、正长花岗岩中。