高岭石基矿物聚合物的制备及耐酸碱性

以高岭土、水玻璃和NaOH为原料,在常压和一定温度下,快速合成矿物聚合物。研究原料配比、固化温度、养护温度和养护时间对矿物聚合物早期抗压强度的发展及矿物聚合物耐HCl、H2SO4和NaOH的腐蚀性。通过2个正交实验得出矿物聚合物的最佳合成条件为:高岭土600℃煅烧4h,m(MK)∶m(水玻璃)∶m(NaOH)=7∶4.5∶1,60℃固化,60℃养护1h,矿物聚合物早期抗压强度可达85MPa。矿物聚合物耐HCl腐蚀性强,耐H2SO4腐蚀性稍差,NaOH能促进矿物聚合物的早期抗压强度发展。     

韩国春川软玉的矿物学研究

采用常规宝石学测试、偏光显微镜观察与电子探针(EPMA)分析对具有矿化分带的韩国春川软玉进行研究。结果表明,春川软玉主要矿物组成为透闪石,其次有透辉石、方解石、白云石、滑石等。矿化分带分为大理岩带、蚀变带、软玉+蚀变带、软玉带,是白云质大理岩经过多次交代与变质作用形成的。     

碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物样品中无机元素

大气颗粒物(TSP和PM10)中Si、Al、Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Na等元素含量较高,是颗粒物源分析的指示性元素。目前分析大气颗粒物样品中无机元素的方法有中子活化分析法、X射线荧光光谱法、微波消解(或高压釜消解)电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法。本文建立了碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物样品中Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Ti、Ba、Sr、Zr等无机元素的分析方法,样品于镍坩埚中530～550℃灰化60 min后用NaOH融熔,水提取,再用2 mL 50%的HCl酸化,钠基体匹配消除干扰,解决了大气颗粒物滤膜样品中Si易产生的溶解不完全等问题,提高了Ti、Ba、Sr、Zr等主、次量元素测定的精密度和准确度。讨论了坩埚和熔剂的选择、灰化温度、灰化时间、酸度、干扰等影响因素。在选定条件下,测定结果相对误差(RE)﹤4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)﹤5%,检出限为0.0047～1.2 ng/g。方法所需设备简单,分析成本低,快速简便,精密度好,准确度高,适宜批量样品的测定。     

Metasomatic Stages and Scapolitization Effects on Chemical Composition of Pasveh Pluton,NW Iran

Pasveh gabbros are mafic component of a plutonic complex in the northwest Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone.These cumulative rocks are composed of plagioclase and calcic clinopyroxene(Cpx) ,which yield unusually high CaO(>19 wt.%) in whole-rock chemistry.Petrographical and geochemical data suggest that Pasveh gabbros can be divided into two groups:free scapolite and scapolite-bearing gabbros.The second group has higher Na2O,K2O,and P2O5 relative to free scapolite ones and is enriched in LIL(large ion lithophile) and HFS...     

西藏山南努日铜钼钨矿床矽卡岩地球化学特征及成因

西藏山南地区努日Cu-W-Mo多金属矿床位于冈底斯火山-岩浆弧构造带东段南缘,属于冈底斯铜钼成矿带的南亚带,是新近探明的一个大型矽卡岩型的铜钨钼矿床,也是西藏冈底斯带首例钨矿床.对矿区内出露的矽卡岩、大理岩和灰岩的地球化学组成研究表明:在主量元素方面,Ca、Ti、Al、Mg、Mn、Fe及Si等元素在灰岩、大理岩和矽卡岩...     

钾,钠交代作用与铀,金,铁等内生金属矿产的关系

本文详细论述了钾、钠交代作用的矿物特征和地球化学特征，指出钾、钠交代作用的主要方式是渗透交代和液固相交代。主要表现特征是以钾长石或钠长石矿物假象交代原岩中的其它矿物；钾、钠交代作用与Ｕ，Ａｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｗ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｂ，Ｔａ等内生矿产成矿的密切关系，是由钾、钠元素本身的地球化学特征决定的。     

Multistage reaction textures in xenolithic high-MgAl granulites at Anakapalle, Eastern Ghats Belt, India: examples of contact polymetamorphism and infiltration-driven metasomatism

High‐MgAl rocks occur as xenoliths (up to 2 m in diameter) in mafic granulites at a newly discovered locality near Anakapalle. Following an early phase of deformation, ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) metamorphism and near‐isothermal decompression, the rocks were intruded in a lit‐par‐lit manner by felsic melts (charnockite), which caused local‐scale metasomatism. A subsequent deformation produced isoclinal folds and the distinct gneissic foliation of the charnockite still at granulite facies conditions. The sequence of multiphase reaction textures in the high‐MgAl xenoliths reflects the changes of physico‐chemical conditions during the polyphase evolution of the terrane; UHT metamorphism (stage 1, > 1000°C, c. 10 kbar) is documented by relics of extremely coarse grained domains with the assemblage orthopyroxene (opx)₁ + garnet (grt)₁ + sapphirine (spr)₁ + spinel (spl)₁ + rutile (rt). A subsequent phase of near‐isothermal decompression in the order of 1–2 kbar (stage 2) resulted in extensive replacement of grt₁ and opx₁ megacrysts by lamellar (opx₂ + spr₂) symplectites. The intrusion of felsic melt (stage 3) led to the development of a narrow metasomatic black wall reaction zone (bt + sil + plg₃ + opx_2,3 + rt) at the immediate contact of the xenoliths and in melt infiltration zones to the partial replacement of (opx₂ + spr₂) symplectites by biotite and sillimanite and/or plg₃, mainly at the expense of orthopyroxene, with concomitant coarsening of the intergrowth texture. The subsequent deformation (stage 4) further modified the symplectite textures through polygonization, recrystallization and grain‐size coarsening. The deformation was followed by a period of cooling and decompression (stage 5, c. 800°C, 4–7 kbar) as indicated by local growth of late garnet (grt₅) at the expense of (opx + spr + plg) domains at static conditions. Recently published isotope data suggest that the multistage evolution of the high‐MgAl granulites at Anakapalle followed a discontinuous P–T trajectory that may be related to heating of the crust through magmatic accretion culminating in deep‐crustal UHT metamorphism at 1.4 Ga (stage 1), fast uplift of the UHT granulites into mid‐crustal levels as a consequence of extensional tectonics (stage 2), emplacement of felsic magmas in the Grenvillian (at c. 1 Ga, stage 3) resulting in reheating of the crust to high–T conditions followed by a phase of compressional tectonics (stage 4) and a period of cooling to the stable geotherm (stage 5) still in the Grenvillian.     

镁铝榴石中的结构水的研究

通过对34个取自金伯利岩管中的粗晶镁铝榴石及碱性玄武岩中镁铝榴石巨晶样品的红外光谱分析发现,金伯利岩中部分镁铝榴石粗晶含有结构水,但不同颗粒之间含量差异很大,含量较高者约0.07wt%,而所研究的碱性玄武岩中的镁铝榴石不含结构水。分析发现,结构水在同一样品内分布基本均匀。在红外光谱3800—3500cm~(-1)波长范围内,分别记录到三峰谱和单峰谱两种类型,其中位于3570cm~(-1)±的吸收峰峰位明显受镁铝榴石结构中八配位阳离子(Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+))影响,而六配位阳离子(Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+))的影响不明显。结构水在镁铝榴石晶格中的存在形式是多样的。     

金矿床围岩的钾交代和钾异常

钾是含金热液最主要的组分之一。热液在沿着裂隙通道的活动中,能对围岩产生明显的钾交代蚀变。钾异常在成因上和空间上与金矿化的密切关系,对金矿的找矿勘探和成矿预测具有重要意义。勘查实践证明,还可用γ能谱法现场探测获得钾异常。这种简便的勘查金的新技术方法值得推广使用。     

Regional metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration related to Miocene submarine volcanism ('green tuff') in the Yurihara oil and gas field, northwest Honshu Island, Japan

Abstract Alteration of reservoir rocks in the Yurihara Oil and Gas Field, hereafter referred to as the ‘Yurihara field’, have been examined by using samples from six wells. These rocks are basalts in the lowermost part of the basin-fills (‘green tuff’ Formation). These basalts were produced in many eruptions in a submarine environment during the early to middle Miocene, and they underwent continuous intensive alteration genetically associated with Miocene submarine volcanism. The alteration of the basalts is of two types: low grade metamorphism and hydrothermal. The former belongs to the type of ocean floor metamorphism and comprises two subgroups: zeolite (zone I) and prehnite-pumpellyite (zones IIa: vein and amygdule occurrence, and IIb: replacing plagioclase). The latter is characterized by potassic metasomatism accompanied by adularia, quartz and calcite veins (zones IIIa: center and IIIb: margin of the metasomatism). This overprints the low grade metamorphic alteration. The central zone of hydrothermal alteration coincides with a major estimated fault, so that fluids probably assent along the fault. The basalts erupted during 16.5-15.5 Ma, determined by planktonic foraminifera assemblages of inter-bedded shales, then underwent successive low grade metamorphism. In time, the hydrothermal alteration that overprints low grade metamorphism occurred. Adularia veins of the altered rocks located in the hydrothermal alteration zones (zone IIIa and IIIb) have been dated as 9 Ma determined by the K-Ar method. This fact indicates that the activity of low grade metamorphism had already crossed the peak before hydrothermal alteration occurred at 9 Ma. The shape of isotherms of fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (Th) and that of isolines of apparent salinity (Tm) almost coincide with each other, and these also coincide with the distribution of hydrothermal alteration (zones IIIa and IIIb). This indicates that the fluid inclusions formed at the same time as ascending fluids produced the potassic metasomatism. The maximum Th of the fluid inclusions is 222°C and Tm indicates trapped fluids of up to 3.3 wt% equivalent NaCl (i.e. almost the same as seawater). A Th versus Tm plot indicates mixing occurred between hydrothermal fluids and formation water that has low salinity. Corrensite and chlorite form veins, and the temperatures of their formation, estimated by the extent of aluminium substitution into the tetrahedral site of chlorite, ranges between 165 and 245°C in the centre of the hydrothermal alteration zone (zone IIIa). This is consistent with the result of Th analyses. The deposition temperature of chlorite associated with prehnite in veins ranges between 190 and 215°C in zones IIa and IIb.