Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamprophyric dykes and the associated rocks from Eslamy peninsula, NW Iran: Implications for deep-mantle metasomatism

Eslamy peninsula in NW of Iran is formed by a strato-volcano with collapsed calderon, which is intruded by lamprophyric dykes with minette composition. Also trachytic and microsyenitic dykes have intruded the volcanic rocks. The oldest volcanic activity includes eruption of leucite basanite, leucite tephrite, basanite and tephrite, which are associated with pyroclastic rocks. Lamprophyric dykes are distinguishable with large mica phenocrysts. Mica-clinopyroxenite xenoliths can be found in the rocks. The source magma of the rocks had a ultrapotassic to shoshonitic nature, rich in LREE and LILE. Eslamy peninsula lamprophyres are between alkaline and calc-alkaline lamprophyres in terms of REE patterns and spider diagrams for trace elements, but are closer to clac-alkaline lamprophyres. The behaviour of trace elements studied by the means of spider diagrams show that the magma, producing the lamprophyres, is generated from deep-mantle probably from a garnet-bearing source (garnet lherzolite) with high CO₂/H₂O content. The resulted magma had interacted with crustal materials and had formed Eslamy peninsula lamprophyres in a post-collisional tectonic setting. Geochemistry of rare elements indicate an extensive rutile-rich metasomatism in the source magma of the lamprophyres.     

Nickel enrichment in mantle olivine beneath a volcanic front

We found abnormally Ni-rich olivine (Fo = 93) with up to 5.3 wt% of NiO, ten times higher than the ordinary mantle value (0.4 wt%), in a highly metasomatized mantle peridotite xenolith from Avacha volcano, the Kamchatka arc, Russia. The Ni enrichment displays outward diffuse circular domains (<1 mm across) in fine-grained (mostly <100 μm) olivine-rich parts. Associated metasomatic orthopyroxene also shows high NiO (<1.1 wt%). Such high Ni concentrations in olivine cannot be attained in ordinary residual or cumulus peridotites, but are achievable via diffusion from Ni-rich sulfide melt. Sulfur-bearing silicic melt, the main metasomatic agent for the Avacha peridotites, separated sulfide melt, which was fractionated to be Ni-rich at relatively low temperatures. This is a new way of mobility and redistribution of Ni in the mantle, which is active in the mantle wedge, especially beneath a volcanic front.     

二合店岩体稀有元素含矿特征

二合店碱性花岗岩的不断演化结果,造成该岩体具有分带特征,在各个相带具有不同的地质特点,决定成矿元素分布也不一样。搞清和掌握各个相带的含矿特点,对了解该地区其它相同岩石类型的碱性岩体找矿工作有着十分重要指导意义。     

北大巴山滔河镁铁质岩中钛闪石的厘定及指示意义

滔河岩体位于北大巴山地区岚皋县,滔河镁铁质岩的岩石类型与区域镁铁质岩石类型一致,主要为辉绿岩、辉长岩、辉长辉绿岩及富含钛闪石的闪长岩,各相邻镁铁质岩呈明显的渐变过渡状态,指示为同期岩浆作用的产物。闪长岩内部角闪石呈细长条状、针状巨晶产出,粒径为1~3 cm不等,自形程度较高,具有明显的高铝(Al=1.93~2.06)、高钛(Ti O2=4.54%~5.50%)特征,其种属为钛闪石。钛闪石结晶温度为1 062~1 129℃,形成深度为19.11~22.64 km,氧逸度变化范围为-0.36~-0.01,说明岩浆来源较深且上侵速度较快。钛闪石的存在指示岩体的源区在部分熔融前发生了明显的地幔交代作用,地幔交代和岩体形成都与俯冲消减作用存在内在的成因联系。岩体具有明显的深源特征、与俯冲消减作用有关及区域岩体的地壳混染特征,共同指示滔河岩体可能形成于与俯冲相关的弧后拉张环境。     

Large-scale fluid infiltration, metasomatism and re-equilibration of Archaean basement granulites during Palaeoproterozoic thrust belt construction, Ungava Orogen, Canada

Abstract The metamorphic history of the Archaean Superior Province crystalline basement in the Palaeoproterozoic Ungava Orogen attests to the importance of structural and geohydrological controls on a retrograde amphibolite-granulite transition. Two distinct metamorphic suites, separated in age by nearly one billion years, are recognized in extensively exposed tonalitic to dioritic metaplutonic gneisses. The older suite comprises c. 2.7-Ga granulite facies assemblages (orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-hornblende-plagioclase-ilmenite ± biotite ± quartz) that record moderate pressures (±5 kbar) and high temperatures (±800° C). A younger, c. 1.8-Ga suite resulted from amphibolitization of the granulites and is characterized by regionally extensive amphibolite facies mineral zones that broadly parallel the basal décollement of the overlying Proterozoic Cape Smith Thrust Belt. Deformation/mineral growth relationships in the amphibolitized basement indicate that extensive hydration and re-equilibration of the Archaean granulites occurred during thrust belt deformation. The transition from granulite facies to amphibolite facies assemblages is characterized by the growth of garnet-hornblende-quartz ° Cummingtonite coronas between plagioclase and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene, as well as titanite coronas on ilmenite. Multi-equilibrium thermobarometry on the coronitic assemblages documents re-equilibration of the granulitic gneiss to 7.7 kbar at 644° C in the south and 9.8 kbar at 700° C in the north. The variably deformed, amphibolite facies domain sandwiched between the coronitic garnet zone and the basal décollement is marked by significant metasomatic changes in major element concentrations within tonalite. These changes are compatible with equilibrium flow of an aqueous-chloride fluid down a temperature gradient. The source of fluids for basement hydration/metasomatism is interpreted to be dehydrating clastic rocks in the overlying thrust belt, with fluid flow probably focused along the basal décollement.     

地幔交代作用：研究进展、问题及对策

有关地幔交代作用的研究始于７０年代早期。近２０年来研究工作的贡献是使人们对与地幔演化和不均一性有关的地幔交代作用特征和交代作用机制有了更多的了解，地幔交作用很复杂，它取决于交代作用发生的时间、构造环境、交代介质的种类以及与不同深度地幔内各种地质事件有关的流体的组成。进一步深入开发有关交代作用成因、机制及其与各种地质事件关系的研究，对于深入认识岩石圈地幔的演化和不均一特征具有十分重要的意义。对不同构     

Dissolution Precipitation Wave Structure of Hydrothermal Ore Zoning

Ｄｉｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ　Ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｗａｖｅ　Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ　ｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌ　Ｏｒｅ　Ｚｏｎｉｎｇ￥ＹｕＣｈｏｎｇｗｅｎ（ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅ...     

攀西地区碱性岩类稀有、稀土矿成矿条件及找矿前景

概述了攀西地区碱性岩类产出的地质背景，岩体的主要特征。根据岩石中暗色矿物与主要成矿元素的关系，划分为两大矿化类型：与基性超基性岩有关的含铌、钽碱性岩脉矿床和含钇、铌碱性花岗岩矿床；与花岗岩类有关的含氟碳铈矿霓石碱长花岗岩矿床。并指出这两大矿化类型的成矿条件和找矿前景。     

Identification of the scales of differential element mobility in a ductile fault zone

Two fundamentally different scales of element mobility have been identified in the upper-amphibolite-facies Hunts Brook fault zone of south-central Connecticut, USA. Field relations, mineral chemistry, and 80 bulk rock analyses provide overwhelming evidence that the blastomylonitic schists and gneisses of the fault zone were derived from the enclosing granodioritic Rope Ferry orthogneiss. Two-sample mass balance calculations between the Rope Ferry Gneiss and fault rocks strongly suggest that the Rope Ferry Gneiss was segregated into biotite-rich schists and quartz–plagioclase-rich gneisses through the centimetre-scale transfer of Si, Al, Ca, Na, Ba, and Zr from schists to gneisses. Three- and four-sample mass balance calculations provide convincing evidence that Al, Ca, Na, and Ba were lost and Si and K gained by the entire fault zone. Both scales of metasomatism have been identified at two localities separated by 20 km, implying that the metasomatic processes were pervasive throughout the fault zone.
From the mass balance calculations, an apparent disparity in K mobility arises. K appears to be gained by the entire fault zone, but is immobile during the centimetre-scale segregation. This is because mass balance calculations can only detect differential element mobility. Differential element mobility requires that the mechanism of metasomatism produces chemical potential gradients. Therefore, the identification of differentially mobile elements provides insight into the mechanisms of metasomatism. The immobility of K during segregation of schists and gneisses implies that the segregation was not achieved through the extraction of partial melt. However, the element mobility is reconcilable with deformation-driven metamorphic differentiation. The gains of Si and K and losses of Ca, Na, Al, and Ba for the entire fault zone are also inconsistent with the intrusion or extraction of partial melt, but may reflect the infiltration of a metasomatizing aqueous fluid.     

滇西蓝片岩中的角闪石

滇西蓝片岩的原岩为玄武质岩石和泥质岩,其矿物组合分别为Cr(或Win)+Chl±Ab+Ph+Ep±Act+Sph±Qz和Gl+Ph+Alm+Tc+Act+Chl+Qz+Do。哀牢山蓝片岩中的闪石普遍具有成分分带,核心为蓝透闪石,边缘为阳起石。澜沧江带中的蓝片岩,其碱性闪石显示了一定的成分变化,既有青铝闪石、镁钠闪石,也有蓝闪石。另外,在滇西蓝片岩中,共存的碱性闪石和钙质闪石之间存在着较大的成分间断。澜沧江带蓝片岩的变质年龄为193Ma。