Redox state of amphibole-bearing mantle peridotite from Nüshan, Anhui Province in eastern China and its implications

Using secondary spinel standard method, we have measured precisely the compositions of spinels of amphibole-bearing mantle peridotite xenoliths from Nüshan in eastern China, and calculated the mantle oxygen fugacities recorded by the xenoliths. Results indicate that the mantle metasomatism for forming amphiboles in Nüshan region of Anhui has resulted in the decrease of mantle redox, which is in contrast with theoretical estimation and previous research results from other areas around the world. Combining with related studies on the mantle of eastern China, we give a reasonable explanation to the 'new finding' and further elucidate the compositions and nature of mantle fluids in eastern China.     

New insights into the Re-Os systematics of sub-continental lithospheric mantle from in situ analysis of sulphides

The Os isotopic compositions of mantle rocks generally are considered to be established during melt-depletion events and to be robust to subsequent disturbances (e.g. metasomatism). Consequently, Os isotopes are used to date the main melting event that a mantle section has undergone, i.e. transformation of fertile asthenospheric material into a depleted, buoyant lithosphere. However, Os resides almost entirely in Fe-Ni-Cu sulphides, which can be very mobile under mantle conditions. In situ laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS measurement of Re/Os isotopic ratios in sulphides from spinel peridotite xenoliths demonstrates that whole-rock Os-isotope signatures record the mixing of multiple sulphide populations. Sulphides residual after melting events have unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions reflecting ancient melt depletion; those introduced by later metasomatism events contain more radiogenic Os. Therefore, the whole-rock Os isotopic signature can be strongly altered by metasomatic processes, and studies of mantle-derived xenoliths show that such disturbance is quite common in the lithospheric mantle. Because melt-depletion ages estimated from individual sulphide inclusions are systematically older than those obtained from whole-rock analysis, caution is essential in the interpretation of the Os model ages derived from whole-rock analysis, and their use and abuse in geodynamic models. This work suggests that sulphide could become a key phase in unravelling the formation and evolution of the lithosphere.     

Compaction in a mantle with a very small melt concentration: Implications for the generation of carbonatitic and carbonate-bearing high alkaline mafic melt impregnations

Xenoliths entrained in alkaline basalts and kimberlites give strong evidence that mantle carbonatitic and carbonated high alkaline mafic silicate melts, which are initially produced at very low degrees of partial melting (?1%), percolate and accumulate to form impregnations with a melt concentration of up to 10%. At present no compaction model has explained such huge local amplification of melt concentration. Recently, Bercovici et al. [1] have shown that the commonly used equations of compaction are not sufficiently general to describe all melt percolation processes in the mantle. In particular, they show that, when the melt concentration in the mantle is very low, the pressure jump ΔP between the solid and liquid fractions of the mantle mush is very important and plays a driving role during compaction. 1-D compaction waves generated with two different systems of equations are computed. Three types of wave-trains are observed, i.e. (1) sinusoidal waves; (2) periodic waves with flat minima and very acute maxima (‘witch hat waves’); (3) periodic solitary waves with flat maxima and extremely narrow minima (‘bowler hat waves’). When the initial melt distribution in the mantle is quite homogeneous, the compaction waves have sinusoidal shapes and can locally amplify the melt concentration by a factor less than two. When there is a drastic obstruction at the top of the wetted domain, the pressure jump ΔP between solid and liquid controls the shape of the waves. If the computation assumes the equality of pressure between the two phases (ΔP=0), the compaction wave has a ‘bowler hat shape’, and locally amplifies the melt concentration by a factor less than 5. Alternatively, simulations taking into account the pressure jump between phases ΔP predict compaction waves with ‘witch hat shape’. These waves collect a large quantity of melt promoting the development of magmons with local melt concentration exceeding 100× the background melt concentration. It is inferred that in a mantle with very low concentrations of carbonatitic or high alkaline mafic silicate melt the magmons are about 1 km thick and reach, in less than 1 Ma, a melt concentration of about 10%. The magmons are likely generated below the lithosphere at some distance away from the center of hot spots. This can explain the development of mantle carbonatitic eruptions in the African rift and the carbonatite and high alkaline mafic silicate volcanic activity in oceanic islands.     

Crust-mantle interaction and its contribution to the Shizhuyuan superlarge tungsten polymetallic mineralization

The Qianlishan granite, which is closely related to the Shizhuyuan tungsten polymetallic mineralization, is aluminous alkali-type granite. The intimate temporal and spatial association among the basaltic, syenite and granitic rocks in the mining area, and their major and trace elements, and Nd, Pb, Sr, O isotopic compositions indicate that the crustal-mantle interaction probably was an important constraint on, and participated in, the formation of the superlarge ore deposit.     

碱性长石在次固相下的微组构重组织:碱性长石流体相互作用

辫状微纹长石通过粗化、微孔隙和亚颗粒的形成 ,最终发展为脉状微纹长石和条纹长石 ,粗化沿着不规则的前锋从晶体边缘往内部推移和扩展。亚颗粒和微孔隙的形成极大地提高了碱性长石的反应性和岩石的渗透性。通过沿着晶体边缘的拱状褶边、平行褶边以及褶头的过渡带往整个晶体内的推移和“繁殖” ,辫状微纹长石最终改造为脉状微纹长石和条纹长石。水从褶边向晶体内部的扩散促进了褶边的粗化以及过渡带的发展。流体长石相互作用机制包括 :体积扩散、管道扩散、溶解再沉淀。碱性长石流体的氧同位素交换机制主要是溶解再沉淀。碱性长石在次固相下的微组构重组织发生于约 4 75～ 4 0 0℃的温度下 ,区块性条纹长石的形成温度更低。碱性长石的微组构重组织导致放射成因氩的局部和部分丢失 ,从而给出年轻的表面年龄。     

深源富碱硅热流体与斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩体的成因联系及流体包裹体、斑晶结构证据

通过中国几个主要斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩体中斑晶结构及斑晶中流体包裹体的详细研究得出 :斑岩体中的斑晶具明显的包含、筛状、间隙、聚合及次生加大等变斑晶结构。斑晶 (石英 )中流体包裹体具有饱和及过饱和盐水蒸气沸腾流体包裹体组合的特征 ,缺乏熔融包裹体。该沸腾流体包裹体组合(全岩 )中过饱和盐水包裹体占 2 9% ,饱和盐水包裹体占 2 % ,不饱和盐水包裹体占 4 5 % ,气相包裹体占 2 4 %。根据饱和盐水包裹体的均一温度确定斑晶的形成温度区间为 3 11～ 4 0 7℃。流体包裹体的成分主要为H2 O ,CO2 ,K+,Na+,Cl-,SO2 -4等 ,从而进一步论证了斑岩铜矿中含矿斑岩体并非岩浆直接结晶的产物 ,而很可能是由深部富K ,Na ,Si的热流体交代或局部熔融上部含Cu硅酸盐地壳的结果。     

High-pressure partial melting of garnet pyroxenite: possible mafic lithologies in the source of ocean island basalts

Many ocean island basalts (OIB) that have isotopic ratios indicative of recycled crustal components in their source are silica-undersaturated and unlike silicic liquids produced from partial melting of recycled mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). However, experiments on a silica-deficient garnet pyroxenite, MIX1G, at 2.0-2.5 GPa show that some pyroxenite partial melts are strongly silica-undersaturated [M.M. Hirschmann et al., Geology 31 (2003) 481-484]. These low-pressure liquids are plausible parents of alkalic OIB, except that they are too aluminous. We present new partial melting experiments on MIX1G between 3.0 and 7.5 GPa. Partial melts at 5.0 GPa have low SiO₂ (<48 wt%), low Al₂O₃ (<12 wt%) and high CaO (>12 wt%) at moderate MgO (12-16 wt%), and are more similar to primitive OIB compositions than lower-pressure liquids of MIX1G or experimental partial melts of anhydrous or carbonated peridotite. Solidus temperatures at 5.0 and 7.5 GPa are 1625 and 1825°C, respectively, which are less than 50°C cooler than the anhydrous peridotite solidus. The liquidus temperature at 5.0 GPa is 1725°C, indicating a narrow melting interval (∼100°C). These melting relations suggest that OIB magmas can be produced by partial melting of a silica-deficient pyroxenite similar to MIX1G if its melting residue contains significant garnet and lacks olivine. Such silica-deficient pyroxenites could be produced by interaction between recycled subducted oceanic crust and mantle peridotite or could be remnants of ancient oceanic lower crust or delaminated lower continental crust. If such compositions are present in plumes ascending with potential temperatures of 1550°C, they will begin to melt at about 5.0 GPa and produce appropriate partial melts. However, such hot plumes may also generate partial melts of peridotite, which could dilute the pyroxenite-derived partial melts.     

一个产在沉积岩中的钠交代型铀矿床

本文以６２１矿床为例，阐述了产在沉积岩中钠交代型铀矿床的成矿特征及规律。     

流体输运,化学反应与交代作用

在成矿及变质作用过程中， 体运移促使热量发生传输及周围岩石发生化学反应和交代作用。流体输过一化学反应耦合动力学方程能定量评价热液系统组分浓度、温度和流量函数的人演化，对于区域变质和交代韧性断裂带等变质系统，还可通过流体运称方向和时间积分流体能量来定量描述流体输运一化学反应耦合客观变持地体中水力破裂的形成与流体运移和失挥发分反应耦合过程有关。     

云南宁蒗地区巴打湾沉积-构造改造型重晶石矿床地质特征

云南宁蒗地区巴打湾重晶石矿床是原生沉积重晶石矿受喜山期强烈的构造运动和岩浆活动的影响，在固相条件下改组和改造，重新富集而形成的。区内ＮＮＷ向构造带是主干控矿构造体系，它控制着改造型矿体的形态、产状及空间分布。改造型矿床的形成还受原矿性质控制。本区沉积 构造改造型重晶石矿床特征具典型的纵向、横向、垂向三维空间分带变化规律。