Multi-bioindicator study of a small estuary in Vendée (France)

Surficial sediment (about 5 mm) was scraped off in 15 stations selected in the Vie Estuary, a small estuary on the French Atlantic coast. The samples, prepared using the suitable methods, were used for comparing the behaviour of periphytic algae, sporopollinic and other palynologic material, ostracoda and foraminifera for proposing a synthetic evaluation of the information provided by each of them. Dinoflagellate cysts, which are found in an almost monospecific assemblage in low-salinity water, are dispersed by tidal currents, but the location of tintinnids in only the lower reaches shows a limited inward transport. Sporopollinic material is clearly related to the adjacent vegetation, indicating a local origin, and then little influence of transport on the microbenthos, even if fragments of freshwater crustaceans and of Pediastrum alga are found down to the mouth in the sporopollinic deposits. This limited transport of microbenthos allows the use of periphytic algae, benthic ostracoda and benthic foraminifera as indicators of local environmental conditions. It was then possible to determine the extent of marine influence in the estuary, to discriminate between the main channel and adjacent basins, and between different stages of evolution of the basins, from a recently dug basin to a eutrophicated one.     

基于荧光原理的叶绿素a传感器校准方法研究

利用传感器对水体叶绿素a 浓度进行原位测量是获取实时、连续、长时间序列数据的重要手段。本文在对RBR 传感器和ECO（Environmental Characterization Optics）传感器进行原理分析和线性度、稳定性、重复性等基本性能测试的基础上，利用单一藻种培养液和2020年南海北部海域现场数据校准传感器，并对新的传感器校准系数进行验证。结果表明：两台传感器使用新系数比原出厂系数的叶绿素a 浓度测量准确度有明显提高。RBR 传感器现场数据校准系数的计算结果与叶绿素a 标准值误差最小，平均绝对误差从1.93 μg/L 减小到0.35 μg/L，平均相对误差从55.1%减小到10.9%；ECO 传感器藻液系数明显优于出厂系数和现场数据校准系数的计算结果，平均绝对误差从1.76 μg/L 减小到0.59 μg/L，平均相对误差从50.3%减小到15.1%。传感器测量准确度的提高，可为海洋环境监测、海洋生态灾害预警等工作获取真实可靠数据提供支撑。     

浙、闽海域仙菜科[CERAMIACEAE(RHODOPHYTA)]海藻研究Ⅰ

根据1957～1987年期间采自浙江和福建沿岸的仙菜科海藻标本，初步鉴定有7属14种。分两次报道，首先报道其中的5屑7种：复羽多孢藻Pleonosporiumvenustissimum、日本对丝藻Antithamnionnipponicum和卡洛绢丝藻Callithamnioncallophyllidicola为我国首次较全面描述和绘图记录；赫勒对丝藻Antithamnionhubbsii为浙、闽海域首次报道；而如下三个种纵胞藻Centrocerasclavulatum、日本凋毛藻Griffithsiajaponica和对公藻Antithammioncruciatum在浙、闽海区早有报道。     

Comparative study of activation energies of conductance and desiccation rates of some marine algae

Measurements of the activation energy of electrical conductance and desiccation rates on subtidal marine algae from Florida were compared to similar data from the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, on intertidal marine algae frequently subjected to long periods of exposure to air. We have developed a method for calculating the reaction rate constant of desiccation of fully hydrated marine algae. Values of activation energies and desiccation rate constants are consistent with the requirements for survival of these algae under widely different environmental conditions.     

Seasonal change of ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in the Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica

The ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages were studied from Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica from April 12 to December 30, 1992. Algal blooms occurred about 3 cm thick on the bottom of sea ice in late April and mid November to early December respectively, and a phytoplankton bloom appeared in the underlying surface water in mid December following the spring ice algal bloom. The biomass in ice bottom was 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of surface water. Amphiprora kjellmanii, Berkeleya sp., Navicula glaciei, Nitzschia barkelyi, N. cylindrus /N. curta, N. lecointei and Nitzschia sp. were common in the sea ice temporarily or throughout the study period. The biomass in a certain ice segment was decreased gradually and the dominant species were usually succeeded as the season went on. Nitzschia sublineata and Dactyliosolen antarctica were two seasonal dominant species only observed in underlying water column. The assemblages between bottom of ice and underlying surface water were different except when spring ice algae bloomed. The evidence shows that the ice algal blooms occurred mainly by in situ growth of ice algae, and the phytoplankton bloom was mostly caused by the release of ice algae.     

浑江末前寒武纪丝状藻类及其环境意义

本文初步探讨了吉林浑江晚前寒武纪丝状藻类与沉积环境的关系。这些丝状藻类产自晚前寒武纪不同层位,大多属蓝绿藻类。通过对丝状藻类整体面貌和个体丰度的分析,笔者将其划分为三类即:藻席型、孤立生存型和其间的过渡类型。根据对现代丝状藻类生态及环境的研究,采取比较古生物学的方法,具体讨论了浑江地区晚前寒武纪丝状藻类的指相意义。根据沉积学与事件地层记录分析的沉积环境模式与对丝状藻类环境分析的结果是一致的。     

南海东部深海沉积中的孢粉研究及其古环境意义

通过对南海东部 149 站深海柱状剖面的孢粉、藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将该孔沉积层从下至上划分为 4 个孢粉组合带.1 带:Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Umbellferae-Gramineae-Pteris 孢粉带(407～270cm);2 带:Dacrydium-Quercus-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae 孢粉带(270～105 cm);3 带:Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pteridium 孢粉带(105～30 cm);4 带:Gleditsia-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae 孢粉带(30～0 cm).并相应恢复了南海东部 7.5 万 a 以来 4 个植被、气候、古环境演替阶段:热带北缘半常绿季雨林、热带季雨林、热带北缘半常绿季雨林和热带季雨林.结合氧同位素测年资料,对 149 站柱状地层时代作了划分.     

持久性有机污染物对珊瑚藻生长和生理生态特性的影响

以蒽和Aroclor1254为典型污染物质,分析了持久性有机污染物对于采自深圳大鹏湾(N114°36′,E 22°25′)的珊瑚藻生长和生理生态特性的影响效果。研究结果表明,随着蒽和Aroclor1254处理浓度的增加,珊瑚藻的光合色素含量下降,细胞膜透性和活性氧代谢产物丙二醛含量增加,最终停止生长。尽管低浓度有机污染物10.0～20.0μg·L-1蒽和8.0～16.0μg·L-1 Aroclor1254处理下藻体分泌的胞外多糖含量较对照略有上升,但随着污染物浓度上升,胞外多糖含量明显下降,胞外多糖的自由基(包括O2·-、·OH和DPPH自由基)清除能力也同样明显走低。蒽和Aroclor1254对珊瑚藻生理和生长的抑制作用有较明显的剂量—效应关系,因此持久性有机污染物对于珊瑚藻而言具有明显毒害作用。两种有机污染物对于珊瑚藻的毒害效应类似,相较而言,Aroclor1254毒性效应稍大于蒽。     

Sedimentary facies,production rates and facies models for recent coralline algal gravels,Co. Galway,Ireland

Five sedimentary facies are described from SCUBA diving examination and sampling of Mannin Bay, Ireland. A Bank facies is built up by the unattached coralline algae Lithothamnium corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum. This autochthonous facies occurs in shallow sheltered environments. In exposed areas a rippled Clean Algal Gravel facies is found composed of coralline and molluscan debris. In intermediate energy areas a Muddy Algal Gravel facies is found with small amounts of live corallines. Sheltered creeks have a Mud facies which is partly carbonate and partly terrigenous. The shallow water coralline algal sediments are overlapped by a Fine Sand facies of mixed biogenic composition. Each facies is characterized by particular phenotypic growth forms of the unattached corallines. Rates of organic calcium carbonate production are obtained which are found to be similar to rates from shallow tropical non-reef environments. The carbonate sediments of Mannin Bay are compared with similar sediments from Kilkerrin Bay. Ireland, from Brittany and from Falmouth Harbour. From these comparisons, facies models are proposed for these carbonate sediments. The major factor controlling facies distribution is coastal morphology. The present day shelf is considered to be too exposed to preserve complete sequences of the shallow water sediments.     

浅析长侧链正烷基二氢化茚、烷基噻吩类化合物的地质意义

从颗石藻、球等辫金藻３００℃热模拟产物中检测出长侧链正烷基二氢化茚、烷基噻吩类化合物。二氢化茚类化合物碳数分布范围为Ｃ１３￣Ｃ２５,ｎＣ１４烷基二氢化茚的相对含量最高,没检测到茚类化合物,说明二氢化茚和茚可以源自不同的先质,生活于咸水环境的低等生物是二氢化茚类化合物的母质之一。在３００℃热解产物中检测出以ｍ／ｚ１１１和１２５为基峰的两个系列的长侧链烷基噻吩,表明在中－高盐度环境下,藻类将无机硫转化