机载微波辐射计反演云液水含量的云物理方法

用一维层状云模式产生云样本,通过统计回归求得机载对空微波辐射计测云中路径积分液态水含量的反演系数,与用历史探空统计资料作相对湿度诊断产生云样本的反演方法进行了比较,并通过因素分析、数值模拟检验等方法对机载微波辐射计的探测误差进行估计。对2001年7月8日的个例分析表明,用云模式得到的统计样本,由于加入了对层状云物理过程的考虑,较为符合当天的实际天气情况,在一定程度上减小了由于背景大气条件、云温、云内含水量的垂直分布等的不确定性所引起的反演误差。对反演精度的数值模拟检验表明,各高度层的均方根相对误差在9.5%～12.7%之间,反演精度在所有高度上都高于原方法。对探测误差的因素分析表明,与仪器漂移及背景场引起的误差相比,由云液水垂直分布的不确定所引起的误差是不可忽略的。因此为进一步提高反演精度,根据实际宏观观测资料,对云模式产生的大量样本进行筛选,从中选取与实际云况较为符合的云样本进行拟合,结果表明,采用这一措施可以使反演精度得到进一步改善。     

大比例尺高精度航磁异常查证方法的探讨

大比例尺、高精度航空磁测具有飞行高度低、定位误差小,磁测精度高的特点。在寻找深部隐伏矿时,查证高精度航磁异常可以省去地面面积性磁测环节,节省异常查证费用和加快异常查证速度。     

航空视电阻率填图技术在内蒙古自治区二连浩特～东乌旗地区应用研究

利用HDY-402型三频补偿式航电系统,在内蒙古自治区二连浩特～东乌旗地区获得的实测数据,通过反演计算,将实测的航空电磁场数据转换成反映地下地质体的视电阻率(ρs),根据ρs值的差异及分布趋势,以1:200000地质图为先验条件,对内蒙古自治区二连浩特～东乌旗地区进行了岩性构造填图,显示了该技术良好的应用效果。     

层析法微波辐射计遥感反演云液水含量的二维垂直分布

通过机载双天线微波辐射计的观测数据层析反演出云液水的空间分布是一个有限角度的图像重建问题。为提高这一反问题的适定性, 本文对已有的正则化方法进行了改进: 根据云液水的分布特征选择W1,2空间范数的离散形式作为正则项; 通过数值模拟试验确定双天线仰角的最优设置方案为 (30°, 90°) 等。为避免已有方法中对目标函数进行线性化处理而产生的模型误差, 采用L-BFGS-B算法对非线性目标函数直接求解。按照侧边界内云液水分布是否已知将反演模型分为已界模型和未界模型。已界模型的反演结果表明, 反演误差在8.6%～12.3%之间, 反演图像可以反映出不同云型的结构特征。敏感性试验表明, 影响反演精度的主要因素为投影数据的角度分辨率、 辐射计观测噪声以及侧边界云液水分布的不确定性; 受云液水含量、 正则算子特性及边界因素的综合影响, 不同云型的反演精度存在差异。为使微波辐射计探测云液水分布能够独立于其它探测手段, 本文针对未界模型提出嵌套反演方法。数值模拟试验表明, 嵌套反演方法可以为目标区域的反演提供足够的侧边界信息。     

The integration of thermal infrared imaging,discharge measurements and numerical simulation to quantify the relative contributions of freshwater inflows to small estuaries in Atlantic Canada

Nutrient fluxes from developed catchments are often a significant factor in the declining water quality and ecological functioning in estuaries. Determining the relative contributions of surface water and groundwater discharge to nutrient‐sensitive estuaries is required because these two pathways may be characterized by different nutrient concentrations and temporal variability, and may thus require different remedial actions. Quantifying the volumetric discharge of groundwater, which may occur via diffuse seepage or springs, remains a significant challenge. In this contribution, the total discharge of freshwater, including groundwater, to two small nutrient‐sensitive estuaries in Prince Edward Island (Canada) is assessed using a unique combination of airborne thermal infrared imaging, direct discharge measurements in streams and shoreline springs, and numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The results of the thermal infrared surveys indicate that groundwater discharge occurs at discrete locations (springs) along the shoreline of both estuaries, which can be attributed to the fractured sandstone bedrock aquifer. The discharge measured at a sub‐set of the springs correlates well with the area of the thermal signal attributed to each discharge location and this information was used to determine the total spring discharge to each estuary. Stream discharge is shown to be the largest volumetric contribution of freshwater to both estuaries (83% for Trout River estuary and 78% for McIntyre Creek estuary); however, groundwater discharge is significant at between 13% and 18% of the total discharge. Comparison of the results from catchment‐scale groundwater flow models and the analysis of spring discharge suggest that diffuse seepage to both estuaries comprises only about 25% of the total groundwater discharge. The methods employed in this research provide a useful framework for determining the relative volumetric contributions of surface water and groundwater to small estuaries and the findings are expected to be relevant to other fractured sandstone coastal catchments in Atlantic Canada. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental and theoretical determination of concentration profiles and influence of particle characteristics in blowing snow

Snow drift transport may cause avalanches on the roads during the periods of snowfall and strong wind. To better understand the factors influencing transport we have developed a theoretical model. This model is based on the boundary layer theory, where the particle mass conservation is considered. Assuming that the saturation is reached, the concentration profile can be represented by a negative exponential law. By means of this analysis, the influence of particle characteristics is explored through the roles of threshold friction velocity and fall velocity. Using fluid mechanics laws, an analysis of the concentration profile resulting from the effect of the wind on a particle bed was also developed. For several velocities of flow and for different kinds of particles an experimental determination of the concentration profile was achieved. We used a laser visualisation and image processing technique to carry out these experiments. The obtained results fit with the values predicted by the theoretical model.     

我国东部地区航空γ能谱测量油气普查工作及生产试验效果

本文在简要介绍“七五”期间航空γ能谱测量油气普查生产试验概况之后,即利用实测的大比例尺、面积性航空γ能谱测量资料,对我国东部五个已知产油区中62个油气田的航空γ能谱油气异常特征进行了统计分析,重点探讨已知油气田与放射性场间的相关性和已知油气田的放射性元素分布组合规律,并以此为前提,结合双河油田等几个已知油气放射性异常的讨论,就航空γ能谱测量油气普查生产试验效果进行了初步分析。     

机载W波段毫米波辐射计扫描成像研究

通过机载试验 ,本文进行了W波段毫米波辐射计 (RADW92 )扫描成像研究 ,取得了黄河、渭河部分水域的微波辐射图像。试验结果表明 ,RADW92基本满足星载应用的要求。文中分析了影响图像质量的各种误差因素 ,并且提出了相应的解决方案。RADW92工作的中心频率为 92GHz ,带宽 2GHz ,积分时间 6 0ms ,系统灵敏度 0 6K ,线性度 0 999,天线为卡塞格伦 (Cassegrain)天线     

柴东盆地五道梁地区航放异常特征及成因分析

本文着重分析了柴达木盆地东部五道梁地区航放异常的展布特征、异常性质、产出位置 ,异常区铀、镭含量及铀镭平衡状态。认为该航放异常系镭异常 ,具有点源、深源性质 ,与五道梁断裂密切相关     

国外航空重力测量在地学中的应用

介绍了20世纪美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家航空重力测量的应用情况,分析了目前国外航空重力测量技术应用于我国中西部艰险、复杂地区及沙漠、沼泽等困难地区的区域地球物理勘探和基础地质研究的适用条件。