Methodology for preliminary seismic design of extended pile‐shafts for bridge structures

Seismic design of extended pile‐shafts requires a careful consideration of the influence of the surrounding soil on the overall response of the soil–pile system. In this paper, a procedure that incorporates soil properties into the process is developed for preliminary seismic design of extended pile‐shafts. The method follows the well‐accepted approach of using a force reduction factor to determine the lateral strength of the structure. The procedure involves an iterative process to arrive at the required amount of longitudinal reinforcement. Other outcomes of the procedure include the appropriate lateral stiffness and strength, as well as an estimation of the local curvature demand and ultimate drift ratio that can be used to ensure a satisfactory lateral response. The design procedure is capable of providing reliable results for a practical range of structural and soil properties. The versatility of the procedure is illustrated using two numerical examples of extended pile‐shafts constructed in different soil sites. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conceptual model about the interaction between El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in far west equatorial Pacific

Interaction between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in far west equatorial Pacific (QBOWP) and the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is studied using a new conceptual model. In this conceptual model, the QBOWP effects on ENSO are achieved through two ways: (1) the oceanic Kelvin wave along equatorial Pacific, and (2) the Atmospheric Walker Circulation anomaly, while ENSO effects on QBOWP can be accomplished by the atmospheric Walker Circulation anomaly. Diagnosis analysis of the model results shows that the Atmospheric bridge (Walker circulation) plays a more important role in interaction between the ENSO and QBOWP than the oceanic bridge (oceanic Kelvin wave along equatorial Pacific); It is found that by the interaction of the ENSO and QBOWP, a free ENSO oscillation with 3–5 years period could be substituted by a oscillation with the quasi-biennial period, and the dominant period of SST anomaly and wind anomaly in the far west equatorial Pacific tends to be prolonged with enhanced ENSO forcing. Generally, the multi-period variability in the coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System in the Tropical Pacific can be achieved through the interaction between ENSO and QBOWP.     

氟铝交互作用对茶园土壤氟吸附动力学特征的影响

在氟的不同初始浓度及不同水土比情况下,茶园土壤对氟的吸附平衡时间均在25min左右,但对动力学方程拟合效果有一定差异,除了初始浓度为4.0mg/L(水土比10∶1)、20.0mg/L(水土比40∶1)、100.0mg/L(水土比40∶1和20∶1)处理氟的吸附动力学不能用一级动力学方程或二级动力学方程描述外,其余处理均可以用双常数方程、Elovich方程、一级动力学方程、二级动力学方程和抛物线方程这5个动力学方程描述。在铝存在下,不同氟铝比对氟的吸附动力学过程有明显影响,表现为吸附速率下降,吸附平衡时间延长,50min左右达吸附平衡。动力学方程拟合效果虽然有一定差异,但均可以用这5个动力学方程描述。在有无铝存在下,茶园土壤氟的吸附动力学特征用双常数方程和Elovich方程描述的效果更好。     

地基-非线性结构相互作用空间效应的超谐和亚谐共振研究

建立了考虑空间效应的无质量基础-地基-结构相互作用模型,将模型简化为三个自由度体系,得到了考虑结构水平侧移和扭转位移相耦合的振动方程,用多尺度法研究了体系在强激励下的超谐共振和亚谐共振行为,通过算例分析得到了一些不同于线性体系的结论,为结构非线性分析提供了更深刻的理论依据。     

断层之间的相互作用及其地震地质意义

从断层间相互作用产生的同震库仑应力改变入手,提出了断层间相互作用的触震与缓震效应,探讨了断层间的相互作用对断层活动性、断层未来地震潜势及余震活动分布图像的影响.从断层间相互作用的角度分析了大陆强震准周期丛集复发行为的可能的物理机制.认为断层间的相互作用具有重大的地震地质意义,在进行断层活动习性和断层地震危险性定量评价及余震分布图像预测时,应该充分考虑断层间相互作用的影响.     

偶极子移动的三种类型

用β平面准地转正压模式,实施了１８组积分时间为４至６个模式日的试验。从偏离偶极子解析解的流型启动,得到了偶极子移动的３种类型,即东进型、西进型和经向型。在一定的参数集合,在涡旋对总体上向外频散能量的同时,偶极子气旋涡旋的强度不但不随时间衰减,而且可以增强。     

广州地区近地层湍流输送的特征

利用风温梯度观测资料,以相似理论为基础,采用迭代方法得到普适函数Φ（ｚ／Ｌ）的半径验表达式,对近地层总体输送系数的牲进行了分析,求得了与风速、温度的拟合关系,并利用实测资料地其适用性作了检验。     

On the relative performance of spectrum superposition methods considering modal interaction effects

The contribution of modal interaction in the various available spectrum superposition methods is accounted via the modal cross-correlation coefficient, which has been defined in several different approximate ways. Further, in these methods, to define the final expressions directly in terms of the response spectrum amplitudes, the peak factors for all the modal responses are approximated to be equal to the peak factor for the total structural response. However, these assumptions have been found to be violated significantly in many cases and do not hold good in general. Therefore, some recent studies have attempted to improve upon these assumptions. In this paper, detailed investigations are made to study the relative performance of the various available methods considering the modal interaction effects. To find out which of the available methods, in general, gives the better results, the response of a five-storey asymmetric hypothetical building, characterized by significant interaction effects, has been computed from different methods for several widely differing input excitations and the results have been compared with the exact time-history solution.     

The thermospheric effects of a rapid polar cap expansion

In a previous publication we used results from a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere model to illustrate a new mechanism for the formation of a large-scale patch of ionisation arising from a rapid polar cap expansion. Here we describe the thermospheric response to that polar cap expansion, and to the ionospheric structure produced. The response is dominated by the energy and momentum input at the dayside throat during the expansion phase itself. These inputs give rise to a large-scale travelling atmospheric disturbance (TAD) that propagates both antisunward across the polar cap and equatorward at speeds much greater than both the ion drifts and the neutral winds. We concentrate only on the initially poleward travelling disturbance. The disturbance is manifested in the neutral temperature and wind fields, the height of the pressure level surfaces and in the neutral density at fixed heights. The thermospheric effects caused by the ionospheric structure produced during the expansion are hard to discern due to the dominating effects of the TAD.     

相邻结构-地基-土相互作用的分支模态实用研究

本文在提出模态综合二步分析法研究相邻结构－地基－土相互作用的基础上,采用振动特性和实际结构相同的模拟结构,求得上,下部之间的耦合项,将耪合项和地震动一起组成修正地震动,以此作为刚性基础的结构抗震的分析的地震输入,本文为利用专业程序进行相邻结构－地基－土相互作用抗震分析提供了新的途径。