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91.
高坪-吉心段公路喀斯特工程地质综合勘察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以沪蓉国道主干线湖北省高坪-吉心段的喀斯特地质勘察工作为例,探讨喀斯特地区公路工程地质综合勘察的基本方法。在喀斯特地区运用遥感和地理信息技术技术、地质测绘、综合物探以及地质钻探等勘察手段,通过综合分析各种勘探成果,能够较准确地查明可溶岩的分布、喀斯特形态类型、分布规律、控制因素以及喀斯特水的赋存、分布和运移规律等,并根据不同的喀斯特地貌提出了有针对性的处理对策。通过不断的实践和经验总结。针对喀斯特工程地质问题合理运用综合工程勘察方法,能做出科学的分析评价,可以适应喀斯特区公路建设的需要,并且供今后在喀斯特地区修建公路时参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to assess the environment-health development in different regions of China. 175 indicators, such as average life expectancy at birth, emission intensity of waste gas, GDP etc. were chosen to describe various aspects of the environment, health and development of China. Of all the indicators, life expectancy can sufficiently reflect health situation of population. Consequently, life expectancy was identified as key indicator, and 42 out of 175 indicators were selected for establishing the environment-health indicator framework with three grades of integrative indices to assess the development of environment-health of China. Based on the hierarchical relation between various grades of indices, the comprehensive environment-health index was calculated and contributed to classify the environment-health situation of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China which were divided into five grades by four predefined limits. Comprehensive assessment indicates that the environment-health situation of the eastern and coastal areas is superior to that of inland which is the western regions with underdeveloped economy and rigorous natural condition. Especially, the Qinghai-Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou plateaus in southwestern China are most vulnerable in the environment and population health. These fit in with the pattern of national socio-economic development, which fully shows that socio-economic context plays a dominant role in the improvement of environment-health in China. 相似文献
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During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact. Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990, 1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland, water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime. 相似文献
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云南沿边境地带生态环境3S监测、 评价与调控研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文利用全球新千年整体生态系统评估的理论,以云南省沿边境地带生态系统变化跨境生态安全为研究对象,探寻并揭示我国陆疆系统的跨境生态系统变化监测、评价和生态安全综合调控的基础理论与信息机理;进而研究基于“3S”云南沿边境地带的生态环境监测、评价与综合调控的方法和关键技术,包括方法和技术体系的建立、指标体系的建立、多尺度效应和尺度转换、数学模型的建立、综合调控模式和决策方案的建立等;在案例研究部分,建立了背景数据库,然后选择大、中、小尺度进行了全区生态环境现状评价,重点河道、典型路段和重点口岸的影响评价和预测预报研究,最后进行了综合调控模式和方案的探讨,并对研究结果进行了动态仿真和虚拟表达研究。 相似文献
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What is the source of baseflow in agriculturally fragmented catchments? Complex groundwater/surface‐water interactions in three tributary catchments of the Wabash River,Indiana, USA
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Marty D. Frisbee Zachary P. Meyers Noah S. Stewart‐Maddox Marc W. Caffee Philine Bogeholz Madison N. Hughes 《水文研究》2017,31(22):4019-4038
Some conceptual models suggest that baseflow in agriculturally fragmented watersheds may contain little, if any, groundwater. This has critical implications for stream quality and ecosystem functioning. Here, we (a) identify the sources and flowpaths contributing to baseflow using 222Rn and 87Sr/86Sr and (b) quantify mean apparent ages of groundwater and baseflow using multiple isotopic tracers (CFC, SF6, 36Cl, and 3H) in 4 small (0.08 to 0.64 km2) tributary catchments to the Wabash River in Indiana, USA. 222Rn activities and 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate that baseflow in 3 catchments is sourced primarily from groundwater; baseflow in the fourth is dominated by a source similar to agricultural run‐off. CFC‐12 data indicate that springs in 1 catchment are discharging significant proportions of water that recharged between 1974 (42 ± 2 years) and 1961 (55 ± 2 years). Those same springs have 36Cl/Cl ratios between 1,381.08 ± 29.37 (×10?15) and 1,530.64 ± 27.65 (×10?15) indicating that a substantial proportion of the discharge likely recharged between 1975 (41 years) and 1950 (66 years). Groundwater samples collected from streambed mini‐piezometers in a separate catchment have CFC‐12 concentrations indicating that a large proportion of the recharge occurred between 1948 (68 ± 2 years) and 1950 (66 ± 2 years). Repeat sampling conducted in September 2015 after above‐average summer rainfall did not show significant decreases in mean apparent age. The relatively old ages observed in 3 of the catchments can be explained by geological complexities that are likely present in all 4 catchments, but overwhelmed by flow from the shallow phreatic aquifer in the fourth catchment. 相似文献
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