西准噶尔达拉布特断裂系构造演化特征

呈北东走向横贯于西准噶尔的达拉布特断裂系,是一组倾向北西的犁状断层。断裂系的形成、发育是由于碰撞后的西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦和塔里木三大陆块在早石炭世以后,仍在不断地相向运动。由此所形成的断裂系,其早期是以左行陡倾的走滑断层形式出现;中期受陆内俯冲作用的影响,被强烈的推覆构造改造成上陡下缓的犁状断层;娩近时期,断裂处于引张状态,表现为正断层性质,形成了明显的断层地貌。     

坡缕石/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

坡缕石是一种层链状硅酸盐矿物。具有独特的纳米棒晶结构。是一种很有潜力的一维纳米增强材料。综述了坡缕石／聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展，所涉及的聚合物包括丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)和聚酰胺等。制备方法包括机械共混法、乳液共混共凝法、溶液共混法、熔融复合法和原位聚合法。研究表明。坡缕石纳米棒晶的分散在制备纳米复合材料的过程中非常重要，而超声波分散是目前最经济有效的方法。还简要论述了对甘肃某地坡缕石提纯并应用于丁腈橡胶制备纳米复合材料的研究。最后展望了坡缕石／聚合物纳米复合材料的应用前景。并对以后需要深入研究的方向进行了分析。     

闪锌矿精矿的氧压酸浸提取研究

对锌精矿的氧压酸浸条件进行了研究,实验表明：在压力为1.7MPa、温度为140℃～155℃条件下加热1小时,浸出终液硫酸酸度＞1.0mol/L时,锌精矿中锌及稀散元素的浸出率分别为：98.76%（Zn）、96.42%（Ga）、89.03%（Ge）、97.35%（In）、91.30%（T1）.结果表明,该方法具有较高的浸出率,并能消除对环境的污染,具有一定的应用前景.     

含苯并三唑废水处理方法探讨

含苯并三唑废水是一类常规方法不能处理的化工废水,需要探讨有效的处理方法。在纳米科技理论指导下,以纳米微粒的吸附特性为切入点,确立了纳米微粒与无机高分子混凝剂最佳混凝形态之间联系的纽带。围绕混凝作用进行了纳米粉体材料混凝试验、无机高分子混凝剂混凝试验和电凝聚试验。结果发现,应用电凝聚法能有效去除废水中由苯并三唑产生的COD,从而成功地探索出有效处理含苯并三唑废水的方法。     

An extreme flood caused by a heavy snowfall over the Indigirka River basin in Northeastern Siberia

Flooding is one of the greatest disasters that produces strong effects on the ecosystem and livelihoods of the local population. Flood frequency is expected to increase globally making its risk assessment an urgent issue. In spring-summer 2017, an extreme flooding occurred in the Indigirka River lowland of Northeastern Siberia that inundated a large area. In this study, the extent and climatic drivers of the flooding were determined using the results of field observations, satellite images, and climate reanalysis dataset, and its possible effects on the ecosystem were discussed. In 2017, a significant lowland area of around 16,016 km² was covered with water even in July, which was 5,217 km² (around 4% of the total area) greater than the water-covered area in 2015 when usual hydrological condition in the area was observed. The hydrographic signature obtained for the Indigirka River water level in 2017 was unusual. Although the water level rose sharply at the end of May (which was typical for the Arctic region), it did not fall afterwards and even increased again to an annual daily maximum value in the middle of July. The climate reanalysis dataset obtained for the temporal–spatial variations of snow water equivalent, snowmelt, and runoff over the lowland revealed that a large amount of snowmelt runoff in June and July 2017 produced a large water-covered area and unusually high river water levels that lasted until summer. Snow depth from winter to spring was largest in 2017 over the period from 2009 to 2017, and the surface of the lower reach of the lowland was partially covered with snow even in the end of June due to the extreme snowfall that occurred in October 2016. Such unusual hydrological conditions waterlogged most trees over the lowland, which caused serious ecosystem devastation and changes in the material cycle.     

孤岛油田污水深度处理技术研究

根据孤岛油田污水的现状及污水处理面临的主要问题,提出了利用气浮和＂双膜＂法处理油田污水进行配聚再利用的工艺,通过现场试验分析研究了处理前后3种水的水质指标,对比了配制的聚合物溶液的初始黏度和稳定性,结果表明,采油污水经该工艺处理后完全可以替代清水配制聚合物母液,具有较好的经济及社会效益。     

成武县建设用地批后监管的分析探讨

建设用地供应审批之后,加强对其开发利用情况的跟踪监管,是落实节约集约用地政策、遏制违法违规用地的重要途径。成武县对新增建设用地严格规范出让合同的内容,加强对土地开发利用的监管;对已批存量建设用地,通过存量盘活、资源整合等一系列监管措施,有效促进了已供土地及时按规定开发,保证了各类住房及时建成,切实提高了土地供应和开发利用效率。     

Hydrometeorological analysis of the December 2008 flood in Rome

Abstract

Rome has been plagued by flooding since its foundation, and, in December 2008, the largest flood event over the past 20 years caused a fatality and more than €150 million in economic damage. Meteorological conditions associated with the December 2008 flooding are shown to be typical of flooding in the Tiber. The long record of discharge measurements of the Tiber River at the Ripetta station in downtown Rome was used to examine flood frequency for the Tiber, including assessment of the return interval of the December 2008 flood. Particular attention is given to examination of the stationarity assumption for flood peaks through change-point and trend analyses, quantile regression, and statistical modelling of the flood-peak distribution. Once anthropogenic changes linked to reservoir regulation of the Tiber River have been accounted for, the stationarity assumption holds and can be used for flood frequency analysis. We highlight the difficulties in detecting departures from the stationarity assumption due to climate change. In the current regime, the December 2008 flood event has a return period of the order of 10–20 years.

Citation Villarini, G., Smith, J.A., Napolitano, F. & Baeck, M.L. (2011) Hydrometeorological analyses of the December 2008 flood in Rome. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(7), 1150–1165.     

Measured effects of new lake surfaces on regional precipitation

Abstract

Although often modelled, empirical evidence for regional water balance shifts, due to local land-use changes, is rare. The same holds for the quantification of such effects by measurement. The flooding of former open-cast mining areas in Lusatia, eastern Germany, delivers a unique opportunity to address this topic in a well-gauged region. During two decades, flooding changed about 60 km² of lignite pits to lake surfaces. To quantify possible shifts in the regional precipitation pattern, the background of general precipitation dynamics within the research area was separated from all raingauge records using principal component analysis (PCA). Linear models with the dominating PCA component as independent variable were fitted to the single station records. The residuals of these fits represent the local deviations from the general dynamics, and they contain the signals of climate alterations within the region. The analysis of these residuals revealed a shifting precipitation pattern with significant increases (up to 10% of the former mean annual precipitation, which is approximately 650 mm) on the lee side of the developing lake area. Further analysis showed that most of the observed changes are due to more frequent and intense convective storms. Water balance estimations indicate that the additional evaporation approximately equals the precipitation increase.     

早期华夏先民到达美洲的考究

1910年印第安人殷福布族所指的“浮桥岛”即现在的白令海峡。该海峡两岸最窄处为86km,晴天雨后可以隔海相望,水深只有30～50m,中间还有2个小岛(大、小代奥米德岛)。这时先民们徒徙到美洲与古海平面变迁,即第四纪晚期大陆冰川不断溶化,海平面不断上升有关。大约距今14000年左右,海平面回升到-100m,从亚洲到美洲在白令海峡确实存在阿拉斯加陆桥；到了距今12000年最后一次冰期结束,海平面上升到-60m时,该陆桥仍然存在；到了距今9000年左右,海平面上升到-25m时,陆桥开始沉没,但水很浅,特别是冬季结冰,两岸徒徙也并非难事；到距今7000年以后,处于人类文明的前夜时,海平面至少比现在低5～6m,只要依靠简单工具如“筏”、“独木舟”就可以到达美洲,因此,中国许多先民从这时开始到达了美洲,这在中国古书也都有专门的记载和描述。足见,中国很早以前也是一个航海大国。