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631.
基于中型三轴仪开展了高聚物堆石料回弹模量试验,分析了高聚物堆石料卸载-再加载的力学特性和回弹模量变化规律。结果表明:围压和应力水平对体积变化规律有明显影响,随着试验围压的增大,试样由初始状态的剪胀逐渐变为剪缩;高围压下,随着应力水平的增大,试样的卸载体缩量呈非线性增大;而围压在100 kPa下,卸载时表现为体胀,不同应力水平下的卸载体缩量相近且较小。平均回弹模量与初始模量的比值大约在3.9~4.2之间,应力水平为0.7条件下对应的回弹模量与平均回弹模量较为接近。高聚物堆石料的回弹模量满足邓肯-张模型关系,数值计算过程中回弹模量系数近似为初始模量系数的4.0~4.2倍。 相似文献
632.
Seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete frame structures using GFRP-tube-confined-concrete composite braces 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nasim S.Moghaddasi B 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(1):91-105
This paper presents a new type of structural bracing intended for seismic retrofitting use in framed structures. This special composite brace,termed glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer(GFRP)-tube-confined-concrete composite brace,is comprised of concrete confined by a GFRP tube and an inner steel core for energy dissipation.Together with a contribution from the GFRP-tube confined concrete,the composite brace shows a substantially increased stiffness to control story drift, which is often a preferred feature in seismic retrofitting.An analysis model is established and implemented in a general finite element analysis program-OpenSees,for simulating the load-displacement behavior of the composite brace.Using this model,a parametric study of the hysteretic behavior(energy dissipation,stiffness,ductility and strength)of the composite brace was conducted under static cyclic loading and it was found that the area ratio of steel core to concrete has the greatest influence among all the parameters considered.To demonstrate the application of the composite brace in seismic retrofitting, a three-story nonductile reinforced concrete(RC)frame structure was retrofitted with the composite braces.Pushover analysis and nonlinear time-history analyses of the retrofitted RC frame structure was performed by employing a suite of 20 strong ground motion earthquake records.The analysis results show that the composite braces can effectively reduce the peak seismic responses of the RC frame structure without significantly increasing the base shear demand. 相似文献
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634.
楚州盐穴储气库是中俄东线配套储气库,具有重要建设意义。在楚州地区钻井施工时,上部东台组、盐城组地层易渗漏,粘土易造浆,下部浦口组含盐地层易溶蚀扩径和坍塌。针对楚州地区地层特点和施工难点提出采用分段钻井液技术:一开采用聚合物钻井液,防止表层漏失和坍塌;二开上部采用盐水聚合物钻井液,防止缩径和石膏侵;盐层段采用饱和盐水聚合物钻井液防止盐岩溶解。通过现场3口资料井对上述钻井液技术进行了验证,3口井钻井过程顺利,井径规则,未发生任何井下复杂情况,井身质量较高,盐层段岩心采取率均在99%以上。所形成的钻井液技术对建库钻井具有很好的指导意义。 相似文献
635.
636.
用开尔文黏弹模型对实验蠕变曲线和冰后期地面抬升观测曲线进行反演,得到相关的黏弹参数,发现所有的黏弹参数都随实验(或观测)时间长度发生有规律的变化, 表明黏弹参数是实验(或观测)时间的函数.在此基础上提出非定常参数的黏弹模型,将通常采用的剪切模量μ2、弛豫时间τ 和黏度η 相应地从常数修正为时间的函数μ2(t)、τ(t) 和η(t),检验表明修正后的开尔文模型可以更好地符合实测蠕变曲线.用修正后的μ2(t)对软流层的黏度进行估算,其值约为4.6×1020 Pa·s. 相似文献
637.
The impact of upland land management on flooding: results from an improved pasture hillslope 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miles R. Marshall Oliver J. Francis Zoe L. Frogbrook Bethanna M. Jackson Neil McIntyre Brian Reynolds Imogen Solloway Howard S. Wheater Joanne Chell 《水文研究》2009,23(3):464-475
In response to growing concern about impacts of upland agricultural land management on flood risk, an intensely instrumented experimental catchment has been established at Pontbren, a sheep‐farmed headwater catchment of the River Severn, UK. Primary aims are to develop understanding of the processes governing flood generation and the associated impacts of land management practices, and to bridge the gap between process understanding and ability to predict effects on downstream flooding. To achieve this, the experiment is designed to operate at plot (~100 m2), hillslope (~0·1 km2) and small catchment scale (~10 km2). Hillslope‐scale data, from an under‐drained, agriculturally ‘improved’ pasture, show that drain flow is a dominant runoff process. However, depending on antecedent moisture conditions, overland flow may exceed drain flow rates and can be an important contributor to peak flow runoff at the hillslope‐scale. Flow, soil tension data and tracer tests confirm the importance of macropores and presence of perched water tables under ‘normal’ wet conditions. Comparisons of pasture runoff with that from within a 10 year‐old tree shelterbelt show significantly reduced overland flow due to the presence of trees and/or absence of sheep. Comparisons of soil hydraulic properties show significant increases in hydraulic conductivity and saturated moisture content of soil under trees compared to adjacent improved pasture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
638.
地震物理模型试验的基础是地震物理模型的建造,其中设计适当的配方,调配出所需要的模型速度是模型建造的关键.本文根据互穿网络和共聚网络聚合物改性方法的原理,研究了环氧树脂、橡胶类等高分子材料的互穿网络和共聚网络过程,并按照地震物理模拟对模型材料的要求,实现了不同材料的共混,改善了固化后共聚物的交联度.讨论和分析了影响地震物理模型建造的各种因素,并从模型材料选择、配方调整等方面提出了相应的解决办法,降低了固化反应放热峰的温度、调整了固化放热的速度、降低了固化时的收缩率和线膨胀系数,使固化物具有较高的热稳定性和较好的力学性能.建立了比较完备的、从低到高的材料速度系列.通过实例验证了本文方法的有效性,模型材料的适用性. 相似文献
639.
Impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An event‐based model is used to investigate the impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of a basin characterized by an urban land use. The impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness is investigated by accounting for its location within the basin when estimating the generated runoff and the hydrologic response. The event model accounts for infiltration and saturation excess; the excess runoff is routed to the outlet using a geomorphologic unit hydrograph. To represent the spatial distribution of rainfall and imperviousness, radar and remotely derived data are used, respectively. To estimate model parameters and analyse their behaviour, a split sample test and parameter sensitivity analysis are performed. From the analysis of parameters, we found the impervious cover tends to increase the sensitivity and storm dependency of channel routing parameters. The calibrated event model is used to investigate the impact of the imperviousness gradient by estimating and comparing hydrographs at internal locations in the basin. From this comparison, we found the urban land use and the spatial variability of rainfall can produce bigger increases in the peak flows of less impervious areas than the most urbanized ones in the basin. To examine the impacts of the imperviousness pattern, scenarios typifying extreme cases of sprawl type and clustered development are used while accounting for the uncertainty in parameters and the initial condition. These scenarios show that the imperviousness pattern can produce significant changes in the response at the main outlet and at locations internal to the overall watershed. Overall, the results indicate the imperviousness pattern can be an influential factor in shaping the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
640.