The interrill erosion for a sandy loam soil

This paper resumes a laboratory experience on a slope adjustable plot with the aim of examining the role of rainfall intensity and slope gradient for a sandy loam soil, typical of Southern Italy, with particular initial moisture content. The results of the simulations performed show that a rainfall reduction causes a corresponding percentage reduction of sediment output. A similar behaviour can be attributed to slope gradient, while runoff moderately increases with rainfall intensity but it is not sensitive to slope gradient. Data also highlight that the degree of saturation can affect runoff and soil loss values.     

地电前兆异常特征及澜沧—耿马7.6级等地震预报问题

深入研究了全国地电台网内M_s≥5.0的45次地电前兆震例,用统计方法按大震、强震、中强地震分别研究其地电前兆特征。 通过研究得到:大震地电阻率异常范围,其半径超过200km,在700km以内,异常时间在12—20个月内发震的概率最高,为97.8％;强震地电阻率异常范围大多在300km以内,趋势异常的时间在12个月以内发震的概率最高,为86.5％;中强地震地电阻率异常范围,半径一般在200km以内,趋势异常时间在180天之内发震的概率最高,为95.0％。大震、强震、中强地震地电趋势异常时间似乎存在着20个月、12个月、6个月三个不同的异常时间段。 临震异常类型一般可分为加速型、转向型和波动型三类。对7级和7级以上大震能观测到临震异常前兆的震例只有33.3％、强震和中强地震能观测到临震异常前兆的震例均为50.0％。出现临震异常后1—20天发震的概率最高,达94.4％。 1988年11月以来,西部地区先后发生澜沧-耿马7.6、巴塘6.7、天祝6.2级地震。震前都曾依据地电前兆短临异常特征,作过某种程度的监测预报工作,取得了较好的短临预报效果。     

Improved ocean-geoid resolution from retracked ERS-1 satellite altimeter waveforms

The ocean geoid can be inferred from the topography of the mean sea surface. Satellite altimeters transmit radar pulses and determine the return traveltime to measure sea-surface height. The ERS-1 altimeter stacks 51 consecutive radar reflections on board the satellite to a single waveform. Tracking the time shift of the waveform gives an estimate of the distance to the sea surface. We retrack the ERS-1 radar traveltimes using a model that is focused on the leading edge of the waveforms. While earlier methods regarded adjacent waveforms as independent statistical events, we invert a whole sequence of waveforms simultaneously for a spline geoid solution. Smoothness is controlled by spectral constraints on the spline coefficients. Our geoid solutions have an average spectral density equal to the expected power spectrum of the true geoid. The coherence of repeat track solutions indicates a spatial resolution of 31  km, as compared to 41  km resolution for the ERS-1 Ocean Product. While the resolution of the latter deteriorates to 47  km for wave heights above 2  m, our geoid solution maintains its resolution of 31  km for rough sea. Retracking altimeter waveform data and constraining the solution by a spectral model leads to a realistic geoid solution with significantly improved along-track resolution.     

核测井曲线高分辨率处理技术及其应用

着重探讨了放射性测井曲线中自然伽马测井曲线、补偿中子测井曲线和补偿密度测井曲线的高分辨率处理方法及其应用效果。对于自然伽马及自然伽马能谱测井曲线，采用反褶积技术和有效的噪音压制技术；对于补偿中子测井曲线和补偿密度测井曲线采用了改进的α因子法。可以发现：高分辨率处理技术可明显地改善有关曲线的纵向分层能力；处理后的曲线与岩心柱状图及与微球、微电极等高分辨率曲线进行对比，其相关性有很大的改善；应用高分辨率处理后的曲线求薄层的泥质含量等参数，其相对误差明显下降。     

立井井筒地层注浆加固实测数据分析

针对某矿地层注浆治理立井井壁破裂工程期间获得的大量实测数据,分析处理得出相应无量纲影响因子以及任意注浆段注浆活动对井壁中任意监测点竖向应变改变量的影响关系式。结果表明,注浆孔位与监测点的空间相对位置、注浆压力及注浆量对监测点的竖向应变改变量的影响均属非线性,其中竖向相对位置影响较为显著。     

海河流域夏季降水与北半球环流异常的相关

使用1981—2013年6—8月的月平均海河流域站点降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用SVD方法分析了北半球高度场环流异常与海河流域夏季降水的关系。结果表明夏季海河流域的一致型降水异常主要受热带地区高度场异常的影响,而北半球中高纬的高度异常分布对海河流域东南部降水异常有重要作用。热带及中高纬地区的高度场异常与副热带西风急流和流域上空的水汽输送有一定的对应关系,急流强度和位置的变化以及水汽辐合异常造成海河流域降水异常,尤其中高纬高度异常的这种对应关系更加明显,并且两个地区的高度异常分布对应的海河流域异常水汽输送有不同来源。     

一种基于相对梯度法的海水温度分层模型

提出了一种以海表面温度为输入参数的海水温度分层模型。以2005—2012年的Argo气候态数据集与Argo浮标数据为基础,采用相对梯度法对海水温度垂向结构进行了分层,并据此获取了各层拟合方程所需的参数,包括:混合层深度、混合层梯度、温跃层上界深度、温跃层下界深度、深层大洋起始深度以及方程拟合系数。本文通过世界大洋数据库09版的CTD、XBT实测剖面数据对模型进行了检验。检验结果表明,该模型可以有效地对海水温度结构进行模拟,特别是400m以上的中上层大洋。模拟结果的总体均方根差(RMSE)为0.778℃,而在水深400m以上的中上层区域误差为0.494℃。     

高土石坝裂缝分析的变形倾度有限元法及其应用

土石坝张拉裂缝一般由坝体的不均匀沉降变形引起,是土石坝破坏的主要诱因和表现形式之一。将基于现场沉降监测资料的传统变形倾度法进行了扩展,通过在有限元计算程序中嵌入变形倾度计算模块,发展了基于有限元变形计算的变形倾度有限元法。该方法简洁实用,方便与常规有限元变形计算相耦合,可作为在工程设计阶段分析和估算土石坝是否会发生表面张拉裂缝的实用方法。应用所发展的变形倾度有限元法,以糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝工程为例,进行了坝体后期变形引起坝体表面发生张拉裂缝的敏感性计算分析,探讨了高土石坝变形倾度的分布规律以及与坝体后期变形的关系,发现对糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝,坝顶后期沉降最大值小于坝高0.39%,可作为防止发生坝顶横向张拉裂缝的控制工况。通过工程实例的计算,说明提出的方法可用于高土石坝的裂缝预测分析。     

动力排水固结法加固浦东机场促淤地基试验研究

基于浦东国际机场快件处理中心促淤场地的加固处理实践,介绍采用动力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软粘土地基的工艺对吹填粉细砂上试夯区的试验研究,结果表明采取低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,并辅以竖向塑料排水板的方法来加固处理饱和促淤软粘土是可行的,促淤地基的力学性能和变形性能显著提高,并实现了用吹填粉细砂代替中粗砂作为强夯垫层,大大降低了工程成本。通过对大面积强夯施工处理效果的检测表明,动力排水固结法加固处理促淤地基效果明显。     

Relocation effects of dredged marine sediments on mercury geochemistry: Venice lagoon,Italy

Understanding the biogeochemical process of Hg is critical in the overall evaluation of the ecological impacts resulting from the reuse of Hg-contaminated dredged sediment. Sediment banks (V1 and V2) were constructed with freshly dredged sediments from a navigational channel in Venice Lagoon, Italy, with the goal of clarifying potential differences in the biogeochemistry of Hg between the reused dredged sediments and those from surrounding sites (SS1 and S2). Toward this purpose, Hg and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations, and Hg methylation rates (MMRs) in the surface 2.5 cm sediments were monitored, along with ammonium, iron, sulfate and sulfide concentrations in the pore waters of banks and surrounding sites from November 2005 to February 2007. Pore water analyses indicate that the bank sediments are characterized by lower levels of sulfate and iron, and by higher levels of ammonium and sulfide compared to the surrounding sediments. With respect to Hg speciation, the fractions of MMHg in total Hg (%MMHg/Hg) and the MMRs were significantly lower in the bank V1 compared to those in the reference site SS1, whereas the %MMHg/Hg and the MMRs were similar between V2 and S2. A negative correlation is found between the logarithm of the particle-water partition coefficient of Hg and the MMR, indicating that the reduced MMRs in V1 are caused by the limited concentrations of dissolved Hg. Organic matter appears to play a key role in the control of MMR via the control of Hg solubility.