Optimizing Remote Sensing and GIS Tools for Mapping and Managing the Distribution of an Invasive Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) on South Molokai,Hawaii

In 1902, the Florida red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., was introduced to the island of Molokai, Hawaii, and has since colonized nearly 25% of the south coast shoreline. By classifying three kinds of remote sensing imagery, we compared abilities to detect invasive mangrove distributions and to discriminate mangroves from surrounding terrestrial vegetation. Using three analytical techniques, we compared mangrove mapping accuracy for various sensor-technique combinations. ANOVA of accuracy assessments demonstrated significant differences among techniques, but no significant differences among the three sensors. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of each sensor and technique for mapping mangrove distributions in tropical coastal environments.     

倾斜摄影技术在丘陵山区大比例尺测图中的应用

针对丘陵山区大比例尺测图应用的需求,本文探讨了如何通过倾斜摄影的技术方法获取高精度的影像模型.首先通过分析航线布设方法、控制点布设采集要点、空三数据处理关键点等,获取满足丘陵山区大比例尺测图应用的数据模型,基于数据模型获取大比例尺地形图数据;然后通过与实地测量数据进行精度对比分析获取试验结果,结果表明倾斜摄影技术不但能...     

基于国产SWDC航摄仪的稀少控制航测应用

稀少控制航测可以大大减少外业测绘的工作量,随着GPS辅助航测技术的发展,使稀少控制测绘成为可能。本文以国产SWDC航摄仪为研究基础,阐述了GPS辅助数码空中三角测量的原理、技术流程及具体测区稀少控制的典型航测试验。结果表明,SWDC航摄仪的航测精度满足1∶1万地形测绘需求,验证了国产SWDC实施稀少控制航测的应用可行性。     

面向信息化时代的测绘科学技术新进展

随着信息化社会发展进程的不断加速,测绘学科现已逐步实现从数字化测绘向信息化测绘新阶段的转化与跨越。本文综述了信息化测绘发展进程中相关测绘科学技术的新进展,其中包括卫星定位测量、航空航天测绘、数字化地图制图与地理信息工程、精密工程与工业测量和海洋与航道测绘等,并阐述了在其学科发展中呈现出的知识创新和技术带动能力。     

倾斜航空摄影数据获取之实践研究

利用倾斜摄影测量技术进行城市三维模型数据生产,具有快速高效、模型纹理真实、数据精度高等特点,在数据生产单位得到大规模应用。本文以实际的生产项目为例阐述了倾斜航空摄影的数据获取过程。     

基于SPOT6遥感影像的滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植株高度的反演研究

本文以SPOT6 高空间分辨率遥感影像为数据源,通过植被覆盖度和地上生物量两个参数进行滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植株高度的估算研究。结果表明,三沙湾滩涂湿地互花米草植株高度平均值为2.04 m,以1~2 m和2~3 m植株为主要分布高度,分布面积分别为6.83 km2和10.31 km2,占研究区互花米草总面积的33.83%和51.06%,小于1 m和大于3 m的互花米草仅占9.26%和5.84%。估算值与真实值之间的均方根误差为0.204,绝对误差为0.04~0.37 m。该方法是对高空间分辨率光学影像应用研究的重要尝试,其反演方法具有较好的可行性,可较为准确的获取滩涂湿地植株高度信息。     

环境因子对贝类累积溶解态重金属的影响

对溶解态重金属的吸收是贝类累积重金属的重要来源之一,易受到生物因素和非生物因素的影响。综述溶解氧、温度、空气预暴露、化学物质预暴露等环境因子,诱导的机体代谢过程的改变,对溶解态重金属的累积和转运过程的影响。强调了贝类对溶解态重金属的转运除了被动转运之外,还涉及到需要ATP供能的主动转运过程。     

Jellyfish patch formation investigated by aerial photography and drifter experiment

Jellyfish patch formation is investigated by conducting a drifter experiment combined with aerial photography of a sustained patch of the moon jellyfish in Hokezu Bay, Japan. Jellyfish patches are aggregations of individuals that are caused by a combination of swimming (active influence) and advection by currents (passive influence). The drifter experiment involved the injection of 49 drifters around a distinct surface patch of jellyfish within an area of approximately 300 m × 300 m. The drifters’ motion, caused only by the passive influence, was recorded in a series of 38 aerial photographs taken over approximately 1 h. The ambient uniform current field larger than the patch scale was estimated from the movement of the centroid position of drifters, while the distribution of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity around the patch was estimated from the time-derivative in areas of triangles formed by the drifters. The centroid positions of both drifters and patches moved stably toward the bay head at different speeds. The difference vector between the patch and drifter centroids was directed to the sun, and was opposite to the ambient current. The distributions of vorticity and divergence around patches exhibited inhomogeneity within the patch scale, and the drifters in this nonuniform current field aggregated near the convergence area within 1 h. The results suggest that horizontal patch formation is predominantly influenced by passive factors at the surface of Hokezu Bay. Furthermore, the upward swimming against downwelling may make sustained patch in surface layer.     

Dynamic morphology of small south‐eastern Mediterranean river mouths: a conceptual model

River mouths along the Israeli Mediterranean coast are characterized by a dynamic morphology as their channels migrate hundreds of meters along the coast. This study examines the dynamic morphology of seven such river mouths. It offers a conceptual model aimed at generalizing and describing their spatial and temporal morphological patterns, and the environmental factors influencing them. The study methodology comprised a detailed monitoring and mapping by GIS techniques, with quantitative data derived from historic aerial photographs, river discharge records, wave measurements, and a digital elevation model. These data were incorporated into a homogenous database and subsequently applied in the investigation of the morphological patterns of these mouths, and the analysis of their influencing factors. River mouths in this study occur in two distinctive topographic settings. In one setting (here termed barrier topography) the river mouth is deflected alongshore by a sandy barrier. In the second setting (termed funnel topography) the river mouth is confined to a funnel‐shaped topographic depression perpendicular to the coast. The behavior of river mouths in these two settings is quite distinctive. Barrier mouths usually migrate over larger distances, as they tend to deflect along a sand barrier and establish semi‐permanent channels along the dune toe. This enables the wide range migration of semi‐permanent channels over decades. Funnel topography mouths deflect over shorter distances and they rapidly migrate within the funnel boundaries. This study concludes that the topographic setting of the beach, a constant element in the temporal scale of this study, is the primary influencing factor on the morphology of the mouths studied. The influence of other factors on the morphology of these mouths differs in space and time and depends on the topographic settings.