Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.     

GIS软件在油气长输管道项目矿（产）权确认中的应用

通过在西气东输三线西段（二标段）管道工程项目运用,很好的解决了对矿（产）区、集体用地的矿（产）权确认,为管道经过矿（产）权区确定合理的补偿金额提供科学谈判依据;有效减少了补偿损失;为今后在长输管道穿越矿（产）区、集体用地的补偿提供了测算手段和方法,形成的补偿协议对管道运营单位确定管道权益和维护使用也具有现实意义。     

A global satellite view of the seasonal distribution of mineral dust and its correlation with atmospheric circulation

Aerosols make a considerable contribution to the climate system through their radiative and cloud condensation nuclei effects, which underlines the need for understanding the origin of aerosols and their transport pathways. Seasonal distribution of mineral dust around the globe and its correlation with atmospheric circulation is investigated using satellite data, and meteorological data from ECMWF. The most important sources of dust are located in North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia with an observed summer maximum, and East Asia with a spring peak. Maximum dust activity over North Africa and the Middle East in summer is attributed to dry convection associated with the summertime low-pressure system, while unstable weather and dry conditions are responsible for the spring peak in dust emission in East Asia. Intercontinental transport of mineral dust by atmospheric circulation has been observed, including trans-Atlantic transport of North African dust, trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust, and transport of dust from the Middle East across the Indian Ocean. The extent of African dust over the Atlantic Ocean and its latitudinal variation with season is related to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, including seasonal changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and variation of wind patterns. North African aerosols extend over longer distances across the North Atlantic in summer because of greater dust emission, an intensified easterly low level jet (LLJ) and strengthening of the Azores-Bermuda anticyclonic circulation. Transport of East Asian aerosol is facilitated by the existence of a LLJ that extends from East Asia to the west coast of North America.     

DGSS及其相关软件在矿产勘查中的应用

DGSS可以利用掌上电脑实时地采集野外数据,也可以利用传统方法编录数据,在室内使用计算机进行数据整理和管理,并能够运用剖面法、地质块段法和地质统计学法进行储量计算。数据通过一次输入,就可以完成勘探线剖面图、探槽素描图、钻孔柱状图、矿体投影图等图件,同时结合Section、GEEMS等二次开发的辅助软件。进行地质数字化制图可以大大提高效率、节约工作时间,从而实现"数字地勘"。     

贝尔凹陷沉凝灰岩储层片钠铝石前体矿物研究

为拓展CO2封存的储层选取范围,研究CO2充注过的储层中矿物的赋存状态,通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X--射线衍射分析及铸体图像分析等技术对贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石储层进行了系统研究。研究区发育片钠铝石的岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,储层深度范围为882.26~941.4 m,该类储层发育有2类9种储集空间类型,以次生孔隙为主,属于低孔低渗储层。岩石骨架碎屑颗粒石英、长石、岩屑均有不同程度溶蚀;自生矿物以片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿为主。片钠铝石主要以充填溶蚀孔隙或交代颗粒的形式产出。综合研究区岩相学、矿物含量和热力学分析结果,长石和片钠铝石的生成具有亲缘性,为片钠铝石的形成提供了必要的元素和生长空间。     

安徽省绩溪县上金山地区钨钼矿矿化类型及找矿前景分析

上金山钨钼矿位于安徽省绩溪县与旌德县交界地带,是扬子准地台南缘新发现的一处大型层控型矿床。南华系休宁组上段上部地层及燕山早期的花岗闪长岩是本矿床主要控矿因素,赋矿地层岩性为锰钙质砂岩—粉砂岩,该赋矿层位是皖南地区找矿新发现。该矿床已达大型规模,地质、物化探综合信息显示,上金山地区具进一步找矿前景,且在已控制的层控型矿床深部及外围,存在寻找斑岩型钨钼矿及石英脉型钨矿的良好条件,经进一步勘查,矿床资源量将显著增加。     

水文地质工作在矿业整装勘查中的重要作用与现实意义

矿坑(井)涌(突)水造成重大安全事故事件频繁发生,并因矿坑巨量涌水淹没矿井而抽排水造成开矿成本增高。因此,进行水文地质研究,降低矿坑(井)涌(突)水给矿井建设和生产带来的危害,实现矿山安全生产,对于矿业工作来说,有着重要作用和现实意义。     

矿产远景调查数据库建设方法

矿产远景调查空间数据库的建立对于基础地质矿产图件的更新、信息资源共享、基础地质矿产科学研究和政府矿产资源战略规划具有重要的意义。本文通过对数字填图系统分级目录的描述,系统地阐述了空间数据库的建库流程。     

磨抛光合成新材料在岩矿制片中的应用

作者利用所研制出来的磨抛光合成新材料与传统磨抛光工艺进行了对比试验。通过对多种最常使用的矿物或岩石的反复试验,结果表明合成新材料不仅大大提高了工作效率,还具有抛光速度快(所需时间仅为传统工艺的1/3~1/2),而且抛光效果极佳(基本无糙面或麻点),经久耐用,耗材极低和基本无巴盘打片现象。     

国外关键矿产战略研究进展及其启示

近年来,世界各国都将经济发展的重心向战略性新兴产业转移,为保障战略性新兴产业的发展而引发的资源安全保障问题随之而来。一些研究机构和组织纷纷开展关键矿产研究,厘定了关键矿产清单,并提出有针对性的保障措施。然而,目前国内对于关键矿产的研究才刚刚起步,对新兴产业所需矿产的研究偏少,关键矿产定量化研究的方法和指标体系总体以跟踪国外研究为主。系统地剖析了国外主要研究机构的关键矿产评价理论、模型和指标体系,总结了国外关键矿产的基本特征,并结合国内实际提出了加强部门协作、打通产业数据链、开展中国关键矿产评价理论和模型的研究、提高关键矿产供应风险治理的研究等对策建议。