利用干酪根热解动力学模拟实验研究塔里木盆地下古生界古地温

通过热解动力学模拟实验，对塔里木盆地塔参1井奥陶系干酪根的热演化过程进行了模拟，以此基础上利用KINETICS软件求取干酪根镜质体反射率（R0）的生成动力学参数，并结合塔参1井的沉积埋藏史，计算塔参1井寒武－奥陶系的古地温，这对于研究塔里木盆地下古生界高过成熟烃源岩的古地温是一种新方法。     

生石灰粉在二灰碎石混合料路基基层中的合理使用

就合肥市马鞍山路南段路面基层(二灰碎石)的施工中,试验路段施工时使用生石灰粉的情况,谈谈该类混合料在材料特性、室内试验、施工工艺上的特殊性.     

Étude expérimentale des transformations de phase dans un gradient thermique : application au granite de Soultz-sous-Forêts,France

The circulation of an injected fluid in the deep granite of the Soultz-sous-Forêts HDR (‘Hot Dry Rock’) site causes important textural and mineralogical modifications. In order to determine the potential crystallization sequences along the fluid pathway, several experiments under thermal gradient were conducted at 600 bar (between 300 and 200 °C). After 40 days, the observed sequences of the newly formed products along the thermal gradient are always as follows, from high to low temperatures: quartz, feldspars, and finally interstratified clays, this implying a significant mobility of aluminium in the solution. To cite this article: A. Baldeyrou et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

实时海温对动力延伸（月）预报影响的数值试验研究

对1992年7月10日、19日和1997年7月1日3个个例，进行了实时海温和气候海温的对比数值试验，研究实时海温对月尺度数值预报的影响。个例试验结果表明，实时海温对10天以下的数值预报影响较小，但对月时间尺度的数值预报的影响则十分明显，实时海温对大气的强迫作用同模式大气的初值和预报模式包含的物理过程以及海温异常的强度有关。     

水滴冻结实验测量降水物中的冻结核含量

文中介绍了一套新研制的均匀水滴冻结实验装置 ,实验水滴与周围环境同步冷却 ,其温度梯度很小 ,可控制降温速率 ,并能自动记录冻结事件 ,从而提高了实验的精度。用此装置对北京地区 1995年底至 1998年出现的各类降水样品进行了实验 ,由水滴冻结温度谱推算了降水的冻结核浓度 温度谱 ,并对结果进行了分析和讨论     

北京地区风廓线仪布网方案的数值研究

文中利用北京地区中尺度数值天气预报业务系统 ,通过进行多个例数值对比试验 ,对在北京地区如何进行风廓线仪布网进行了数值研究。结果表明大气风场随高度的垂直分布和变化对天气过程有明显的作用 ,在较短时期就可对大气的空间特征形成深厚的影响 ,天气系统对大气风场的垂直结构特征是较为敏感的。其可在短期天气过程中影响天气系统的温度场结构及相关降水过程 ,且在以上影响随着预报时效的增加而增强的同时 ,影响范围也随预报时效的增加而扩大。对中尺度数值预报和北京地区的风廓线仪布点方案来说 ,以核心区域 (北京市城区 )为中心的呈近等边三角形的布网方案具有与近正四边形布网方案相当的探测效果 ,选择近等边三角形布网方案 ,较选择较近正四边形布网方案更为合理。可节省大量的资源及经费。文中所研究方法和结果对在有限区域如何选择风廓线仪布网方案具有广泛的借鉴意义和实际应用价值。     

钢管混凝土框架结构抗震性能试验研究

通过 2榀具有同一外形尺寸及用料的钢管混凝土框架在低周往复荷载下的试验 ,研究了该类型结构的破坏形态、变形特点、荷载一位移滞回模型及结构耗能比 ,分析了钢管混凝土框架结构的受力特点及抗震性能 ,为工程设计提供了试验依据。     

AN IMPROVED SEMI-IMPLICIT TIME DIFFERENCE SCHEME OF SPECTRAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS*

In fact,the popular semi-implicit time difference scheme of spectral model still includes some important linear terms using time explicit difference scheme,and the major terms are directly related to fast internal-and external-gravity waves in the atmospheric forecasting equation.Additionally,due to using time difference on two terms at different time.the popular schemear tificially introduces unbalance between pressure gradient force and Coriolis force terms while numerically computing their small difference between large quantities.According to the computational stability analysis conducted to the linear term time difference scheme in simple harmonic motion equation,one improved semi-implicit time difference scheme is also designed in our study.By adopting a kind of revised time-explicit-difference scheme to these linear terms that still included in spectral model governing equations,the defect of spectral model which only partlyusing semi-implicit integrating scheme can be overcome effectively.Moreover,besides all spectral coefficients of prognostic equations,especially of Helmholtz divergence equation,can be worked out without any numerical iteration,the time-step (computation stability) can also be enlarged (enhanced) by properly introducing an adjustable coefficient.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BY NESTING HYDROLOGY MODEL DHSVM WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL RegCM2/CHINA

Based on improvement of a distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM for short)and its application to North China,a nested regional climatic-hydrologic model system is developedby connecting DHSVM with RegCM2/China.The simulated climate scenarios,including controland 2×CO_2 outputs,are downscaled to 8 stations in Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins todrive the hydrology model.According to simulation results,under double CO_2 scenarios,annualmean temperature and evapotranspiration will increase 2.8C and 29 mm,respectively;precipitation also increase but with different value for each basin,6 mm for Luanhe River Basinwhile 46 mm for Sanggan River Basin;runoff change for the two basins is different too,27 mmdecrease for Luanhe River Basin while 26 mm increase for Sanggan River Basin.As a result,therunoff in future for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin will be 74 mm and 71 mm,respectively,which is approximately a quarter of annual mean runoff(284 mm)of the wholecountry.Total streamflow for the two basins will decrease about 2.5×10~8m~3.All these indicatethat the warm and dry trend will continue in the two river basins under double CO_2 scenarios.Thenested model system,with both climatic and hydrologic prediction ability,could also be applied toother basins in China by parameter adjustment.     

青海湖湖水蒸发实验研究

青海湖位于青藏高原的东北部 ,是一个典型的大陆微咸水湖。其湖水盐度为 1 4 0 7g/L ,水化学类型为硫酸钠亚型 ,化学组成不同于海水。该湖水为CaCO3所饱和 ,正在析出文石。为了揭示其湖水演化的趋势、析盐顺序和各种盐类形成的条件 ,曾在湖的南岸采集了大量湖水进行了蒸发实验和冷冻—蒸发实验。蒸发实验的结果表明 :首先析出水菱镁矿 ,随着湖水继续浓缩进一步析出石盐、无水芒硝、白钠镁矾、软钾镁矾、泻利盐、钾石盐和光卤石。冷冻—蒸发实验的结果是 :首先析出水菱镁矿 ,然后是芒硝、三水菱镁矿、石盐、泻利盐、光卤石和水氯镁石。这些实验的最终母液在室内保存了 1— 2月 ,均析出了硼酸盐。上述实验的析盐顺序和结晶途径与海水明显不同 ,而与某些青藏高原盐湖和我国东部某些第三纪古湖盆相似 ,如柴达木盆地的大浪滩干盐湖和山东的大汶口盆地等。因此 ,这些实验结果对于阐明青海湖湖水的演化趋势、青藏高原盐湖的形成和演化、以及大陆湖盆钾盐和其它盐类矿产资源的形成都是非常重要的