闭合裂纹面相互作用的实验研究

为了研究地震过程中断层面的相互作用,设计了四类裂纹面状况不同的断裂力学实验。实验结果表明,裂纹面的状况对于含裂纹材料的σ_c(2^1/2)值有强烈的影响,并利用断裂力学的原理对结果进行了分析。 实验中解决了如下技术关键: 1.可用三点弯曲、局部受拉、单面启裂、双面贯穿的方法,在脆性材料板状试件（玻璃板、岩石板）以及有机玻璃板中预制中心穿透裂纹。 2.在裂纹端部预计裂纹扩展的区域内粘贴电阻应变片,用以判断并测量裂纹初始扩展及其相应的破坏应力σ_c的方法。     

Slow crack growth in minerals and rocks: Theory and experiments

Strength and mechanical behavior of rocks and minerals are modified by aqueous environments. This results in two effects: mechanical and chemical. The chemical effect is investigated from both a theoretical and an experimental point of view. It is shown that a thermodynamic approach leads to a satisfactory understanding of the chemical effect through an extended griffith concept. Predictions of the model have been tested using slow crack growth experiments. The experiments have been performed with a special Double Torsion apparatus which was built for this purpose. The good agreement observed between theory and experiments suggests that subcritical crack growth in rocks is controlled by adsorption onto the crack tip. This result was previously suggested by other authors (Dunning et al., 1984). However, the important consequences of the model are that (1) there should exist a threshold stress below which subcritical crack growth stops, and this threshold depends on the environment; (2) subcritical crack growth and time-dependent phenomena could take place in the crust in a stress interval which could be as high as 50% of the rupture stress.     

关于平息漳州“10·9”地震谣传工作的体会

本文阐述了漳州“1 0 9”地震谣传概况 ,总结了这次地震谣传的特点、发生原因及采取的措施。从这次地震谣传可以看出地震知识的宣传教育还需要大力加强 ,要加强《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》、《地震预报管理条例》等法律法规的宣传解释 ,加强如何识别地震谣传的宣传教育 ,增强群众对地震谣言的识别能力 ,特别需要向乡镇干部宣传 ,使他们能回答群众的询问 ,如果基层干部能在地震谣言出现时 ,就开始劝导解释、可能不至于发生这么大范围的地震谣传事件。     

Reach-Scale Cation Exchange Controls on Major Ion Chemistry of an Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Stream

McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica represent the largest of the ice-free areas on the Antarctic continent, containing glaciers, meltwater streams, and closed basin lakes. Previous geochemical studies of dry valley streams and lakes have addressed chemical weathering reactions of hyporheic substrate and geochemical evolution of dry valley surface waters. We examine cation transport and exchange reactions during a stream tracer experiment in a dry valley glacial meltwater stream. The injection solution was composed of dissolved Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl^-. Chloride behaved conservatively in this stream, but Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ were reactive to varying degrees. Mass balance analysis indicates that relative to Cl^-, Li⁺ and K⁺ were taken up in downstream transport and Na⁺ was released. Simulations of conservative and reactive (first-order uptake or generation) solute transport were made with the OTIS (one-dimensional solute transport with inflow and storage) model. Among the four experimental reaches of Green Creek, solute transport simulations reveal that Li⁺ was removed from stream water in all four reaches, K⁺ was released in two reaches, taken up in one reach, and Na⁺ was released in all four reaches. Hyporheic sediments appear to be variable with uptake of Li⁺ in two reaches, uptake of K⁺ in one reach, release of K⁺ in two reaches, and uptake of Na⁺ in one reach. Mass balances of the conservative and reactive simulations show that from 1.05 to 2.19 moles of Li⁺ was adsorbed per reach, but less than 0.3 moles of K⁺ and less than 0.9 moles of Na⁺ were released per reach. This suggests that either (1) exchange of another ion which was not analyzed in this experiment or (2) that both ion exchange and sorption control inorganic solute transport. The elevated cation concentrations introduced during the experiment are typical of initial flows in each flow season, which flush accumulated dry salts from the streambed. We propose that the bed sediments (which compose the hyporheic zone) modulate the flushing of these salts during initial flows each season, due to ion exchange and sorption reactions.     

Experimental study on nucleation process of stick-slip instability on homogeneous and non-homogeneous faults

The nucleation process of stick-slip instability was analyzed based on the experimental measurements of strain and fault slip on homogeneous and non-homogeneous faults. The results show that the nucleation process of stick-slip on the homogeneous fault is of weak slip-weakening behavior under constant loading point velocity. The existence of a short "weak segment" on the fault makes slip-weakening phenomenon in nucleation process more obvious, while the existence of a long "weak segment" on the fault makes the nucleation process changed. The nucleation is characterized by accelerating slip in a local region and rapid increase of shear stress along the fault in this case, which is more coincident with the rate and state friction law. During the period when fault is locked, increasing of shear stress causes lateral elastic dilation near the fault, and the rebound of the dilation at the time of instability causes an instantaneous increase of normal stress in the fault plane, which is an important factor making fault be rapidly locked and its strength recovered.     

南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测

利用三分量海底地震仪、陆上便携式地震仪和海上气枪震源在南海东北部首次进行了海陆联合的深地震探测,测线呈北北西-南南东方向,垂直于区域构造走向,总长达500km,所获得的数据质量好,深部信息丰富,可分辨出Pg、Pn、PmP等地震相,为南海东北部深部地壳结构及油气盆地形成演化的研究提供了重要的基础数据。     

替换阻尼杆件的双层柱面网壳被动控制振动台试验研究

本文在拟动力装置上对自行设计的孔隙式粘滞阻尼杆件进行了性能测试，并用其替换双层柱面网壳的部分下弦杆进行了被动减震控制的振动台试验，输人了多种能级的不同地震动，针对替换不同位置和数量的阻尼杆件进行了多种工况下的试验研究。试验结果表明减震效果明显，与理论分析结果吻合较好。     

13X沸石分子筛对饮用水中NH_4~+-N吸附性能的实验研究

研究了 13X沸石分子筛对饮用水中低浓度NH+4 N的吸附性能 ,包括影响吸附的主要因素、沸石对NH+4 N的吸附效果、沸石的再生效果及沸石对NH+4 N的吸附机理。实验表明用NaOH处理的沸石比未处理的沸石对NH+4 N的吸附效果要好。在 pH值为 6 5～ 7 5、吸附时间为 2 0min、吸附温度为 2 0～ 30℃的条件下 ,沸石对NH+4 N的吸附率接近 10 0 % ,沸石对NH+4 N的吸附量可达 16 32mg/g。用直接焙烧法进行再生活化处理后的沸石对NH+4 N的吸附率仍接近 10 0 % ,沸石对NH+4 N的吸附机理是以离子交换吸附作用为主。 13X沸石吸附NH+4 N的过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模式。实验证明 ,利用 13X沸石净化含低浓度NH+4 N的饮用水具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

膨胀石墨表面非极性吸附研究

通过对膨胀石墨表面SEM及缸外光谱的测定发现，膨胀石墨表面具有发达的孔缘，多为中孔或大孔，且带有非极性基团，因此非常有利于非极性大分子的吸附，但膨胀石墨极轻、易碎，在实际应用中有一定局限性。以润滑油为非极性吸附物，运用改变密度及粘接技术增强膨胀石墨强度，同时研究了密度及粘接剂比例与吸附量的关系．     

动力变形条件下Au迁移、富集的构造地球化学实验研究

对海南二甲金矿和广东河台金矿形成的动力学条件进行了一系列的构造地球化学模拟实验。结果表明，动力变形中发生了明显的力学—化学耦合作用。云母矿物变形强烈，塑性变形，定向拉长显著。黑云母发生了褪色作用，从褐色变成浅褐色甚至无色；白云母干涉色从鲜艳的蓝色变为黄色，甚至无色。随试验温度、压力条件的升高，岩石、矿物从脆性变形向塑性变形演变。动力变形还使岩石和矿物中的元素呈现化学迁移和富集作用：云母矿物中的杂质容量降低，导致铁质释放；硫化物矿物的反射率增高，成矿元素特别是Au在其不同部位发生一定的变化。自然金颗粒在析出过程中，与Si、Fe分离而纯化。动力变形中成矿元素(特别是Au)的迁移、富集等效应是通过压溶作用实现。