SOURCE PARAMETERS OF THE CANGWU MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE, 31 JULY, 2016

On July 31^st, 2016, an earthquake of M_S5.4 occurred in Cangwu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is the first M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquake in coastal areas of southern China in the past 17a. The moderate earthquake activities have come into a comparatively quiet period in coastal areas of southern China for decades, so the study about the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is very important. However, differernt research institutions and scholars have got different results for the focal depth of the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake. For this reason, we further measured the focal depth by using CAP method and sPL phase method. sPL phase was first put forward by Chong in 2010. It is often observed between P and S wave of continental earthquakes with epicentral distance of about 30km to 50km. The energy of sPL phase is mainly concentrated on the radial component. Arrival time difference between sPL phase and direct P wave is insensitive to epicentral distancs, but increases almost linearly with the increase of focal depth. Based on these characteristics and advantages, sPL phase method is chosen to measure the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake in the paper. First of all, we selected the broadband waveform data through seismic stations distributed mainly in Guangxi and adjacent provinces from Data Management Centre of China National Seismic Network and Guangxi Earthquake Networks Center. And an appropriate velocity model of Cangwu area was constructed by the teleseismic receiver function method. Then, the focal mechanism and focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake were determined by using the CAP(Cut and Paste)method. Next, we compared the synthetic waveforms simulated by F-K forward method of different focal depth models with the actual observed waveforms. According to the difference of arrival times between sPL and Pg phases, we finally obtained the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake. The results show that the focal depth is 11km measured by CAP method and 9km by sPL phase method. Based on the focal mechanism solution, isoseismal shapes, aftershocks distributions and investigation on spot, we conclude that the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is a left-lateral strike-slip earthquake which occurred in the upper crust. Our preliminary analysis considers that the seismogenic structure of Cangwu earthquake is a north-northwest branch fault, and the control fault of this earthquake is the Hejie-Xiaying Fault.     

基于sPL震相测定山西地区的震源深度

本文利用sPL震相计算了山西及周边地区50 km之内的39次ML≥3.0地震的震源深度。结果显示:震源深度分布在6~30 km,优势震源深度为11~25 km,呈现出山西北部地震的震源深度比中、南部浅的趋势。将本文得到的39个地震的震源深度与中国地震台网中心统一编目的深度结果相比较,发现除极个别的地震事件外,两种方法得出的深度结果差值不大。     

2017年9月4日河北临城M_L4.4地震震源深度测定

震源深度是地震定位中的重要参数之一。对于一个地震,sPn与Pn震相到时差是一个常量,与震中距无关,只与震源深度和地壳模型有关。基于该理论,以河北数字台网数据为基础,识别sPn震相和Pn震相,计算2017年9月4日河北临城ML4.4地震震源深度,结果为6.86km。双差定位法是目前确定震源深度比较精确的方法,双差定位得到的震源深度为7.01km。双差定位法所用数据量比较大,计算过程繁杂。利用sPn与Pn到时差计算震源深度的结果与双差定位法结果接近,计算快速、简单,所需数据量小。因此,将该方法应用到实际工作中,可以快速、准确地测定近震震源深度。     

地磁低点时间与经度的相关性分析

地磁低点时间在空间分布上的主要特征是随着经度变化而变化。为了求出这种变化关系的解析式,首先使用国家地磁台网的数据计算甘肃省近三年13个地磁台站的低点时间序列和低点时间的期望,并绘制了低点时间序列的频次分布图和概率密度曲线;然后对低点时间与台站经度的关系做线性回归,并指出这个线性回归方程应无限趋近于“格林尼治时间-经度”关系式。文章第一次提出台站经度与地磁Z分量低点时间的关系式,并提出它的趋近方程。各台站低点时间的期望就是地磁低点时间的正常背景值,它是判定地磁低点时间异常与否的参考标准。本文的工作完善和发展了丁鉴海先生的地磁低点位移法。     

2017年九寨沟MS 7.0地震震源深度测定

为了更好地确定2017年8月8日九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震震源深度其发震机理,利用四川、甘肃和青海区域地震台网的观测波形数据,采用多种方法研究了此次地震的震源深度。首先,采用gCAP方法反演了九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,结果显示,节面Ⅰ走向243°/倾角87°/滑动角-158°,节面Ⅱ走向151°/倾角68°/滑动角-3°,矩震级为M_(W )6.5,矩心深度为8 km;然后,采用ISOLA近震全波形方法反演了此次地震的震源机制解,反演结果与gCAP方法结果相差不大,矩心深度为7 km;最后,通过sPn震相与Pn震相之间的走时差测定此次地震初始破裂震源深度,结果显示深度约为12 km。研究表明,九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震的矩心深度为7—8 km,初始破裂深度约为12 km。     

以颗粒物理原理认识汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前临震预滑和震颤现象

发生在孕震区周边地块上的临震预滑和震颤现象,对破坏性地震预测有一定前兆意义,是值得地震学界关注的问题。选取2008年5月12日汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前,临夏和湟源地震台分量应变仪记录与临夏、恩施和西安地震台数字地震仪记录以及临夏和周至地震台深井水位仪记录,分析发现,在临震前数天至数小时,上述各地震台不同学科观测仪器均记录到一些"跃变"和"震颤"震相。文中试图以颗粒物理原理,来认识不同距离、不同台站、不同学科的观测仪器在临震前相近时间段内记录的低频和高频震相,可能是不同地块在临震前发生预滑错动后激发的预滑震相Xp和地下气体在裂隙内流动激发的震颤震相Tp。观测结果表明:2008年5月8日03时至主震发生,各地震台所处地块在相近时段内逐次发生次数不等的预滑错动,其中1—2次较大错动可在噪声背景中被识别;各地震台预滑错动方向指向或背向主震震中。据此认为:汶川M_W7.9地震前,上述各地震台所处地块在不同大小、不同方向的力链驱动下,发生指向或背向主震震中的临震预滑现象。     

固体颗粒表面吸附水层厚度实验研究

以玻璃微珠为对象,探索堆积固体颗粒表面吸附水层厚度随驱动压力梯度的变化规律。结果表明：完全浸润的堆积固体颗粒之间存在3种不同性质的水,因其受表面作用力的大小不同,可用离心法加以区分。随着离心力的增加,依次驱替出自由水、毛管水和吸附水层水。结合重量分析,用离心法可得到不同驱动压力梯度下的吸附水量及吸附水层厚度。吸附水层厚度是水动力学条件的函数,其随驱动压力梯度的变化规律为解释多孔介质中水相的渗流特性提供依据。     

基于星载SAR信号的TEC反演新方法

由于星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统工作于电离层之上,其信号不可避免地将受到电离层的影响. 背景电离层以及电离层电子密度不规则体多重散射效应可引起距离向图像质量的下降, 在强起伏情况下, 多重散射效应对信号的延迟影响不可忽略. 针对此问题, 本文提出了一种基于SAR回波信号的三频相位自适应TEC反演新方法, 利用反演的结果对电离层的影响进行校正. 给出了校正前后的点目标成像仿真, 结果显示此方法充分考虑了多重散射效应引起的TEC估计误差, 可以有效地补偿电离层对距离向成像的影响, 提高了距离向点目标图像质量.     

水和土壤环境非水溶相污染物的表面活性剂增效修复机制

分析了表面活性剂和非水溶相有机污染物在水和土壤环境中的相互作用,以及表面活性的特性,解释了表面活性剂增效修复水和土壤环境中非水溶相污染物的机制。表面活性剂溶液通过增溶作用和增流作用,驱除地下水含水层中的非水相液体以及吸附于土壤颗粒物上的污染物,提高地下水和土壤中憎水性有机污染物的现场修复速率。增效修复效果依赖于临界胶束浓度(CMC)、污染物和表面活性剂的吸附特性、污染物的溶解性和土壤类型等。表面活性剂能增加化合物的溶解度,降低与水的界面张力,并形成乳液。     

Effect of growth phase on the fatty acid compositions of four species of marine diatoms

The fatty acid compositions of four species of marine diatoms (Chaetoceros gracilis MACC/B13, Cylindrotheca fusiformis MACC/B211, Phaeodactylum tricornutum MACC/B221 and Nitzschia closterium MACC/B222), cultivated at 22 ℃±1 ℃ with the salinity of 28 in f/2 medium and harvested in the exponential growth phase, the early stationary phase and the late stationary phase, were determined. The results showed that growth phase has significant effect on most fatty acid contents in the four species of marine diatoms. The proportions of 16:0 and 16: 1n-7 fatty acids increased while those of 16 :3n-4 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased with increasing culture age in all species studied. The subtotal of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased with the increasing culture age in all species with the exception of B13. The subtotal of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased while that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased with culture age in the four species of marine diatoms. MUFA reached their lowest value in the exponential growth phase, whereas PUFA reached their highest value in the same phase.