内蒙古阿巴嘎地区地壳方位各向异性研究

本文利用架设在内蒙古阿巴嘎地区38个宽频带地震台站记录到的远震数据,通过拟合P波接收函数径向Pms转换波到时和叠加不同方位切向分量,确定了地壳各向异性参数.结果表明,大部分台站Pms延迟时间在0.35 s左右;而少数台站时差较大,推测可能受到索伦缝合带附近地壳残留倾斜界面影响.各向异性快波方向变化范围在N95°E到N180°E之间,平均为N130.6°E±19.1°,推测中下地壳矿物在ENE-WSW向区域主压应力作用下发生晶格定向排列可能是导致地壳各向异性的主要成因.研究区壳幔变形特征和机制不同,属于解耦变形.     

固体潮位移InSAR相位模拟及对广域地表形变监测的影响初探

固体地球潮汐(Solid earth tide,SET)在地表产生的径向位移可达40～50 cm,形变梯度可达2 cm/100 km,是各种精密大地测量和地球物理观测必须考虑的因素之一.随着星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)地表形变监测范围的不断增大以及对精度要求不断提高,固体潮位移对InSAR观测的影响不容忽视.本文利用固体潮位移理论模型,根据InSAR测量基本原理和Sentinel-1卫星成像参数,模拟了固体潮位移InSAR相位,定量分析了其时空分布特征,并以我国江汉平原和北美大平原的Sentinel-1数据为例,探讨了固体潮位移InSAR相位对广域地表形变监测的影响.结果表明:(1)固体潮位移对InSAR广域地表形变监测存在较大影响,在250 km×250 km范围中,以C波段为例,其相位变化可达12 rad(对应52 mm视线向形变);(2)固体潮位移相位在中低纬度(60°S—60°N)地区变化较大,两极地区较小,且在时间上具有明显的周期性;(3)在Sentinel-1 InSAR观测中,通过固体潮位移相位改正去除了干涉图中的部分低频相位偏差,相比原始干涉图,改正后的解缠相位标准差减小了约29%.本研究对于认识固体潮位移InSAR相位的时空分布特征以及提高星载InSAR广域地表形变监测的准确度与可靠性均具有重要意义.     

混沌理论在桥梁变形监测中的应用

针对桥梁的非线性下沉问题,引用了混沌理论,首先求取时间序列的两重构参数时间延迟τ和嵌入维数m进行相空间重构;随后进行混沌特性判别,确定该时间序列存在混沌迹象;最后根据所求参数建立加权零阶局域预计模型和RBF神经网络混沌预计模型对观测数据进行预计分析,并与系数为0.9的指数平滑预测模型进行比较,结果显示混沌预计模型值更接...     

微生物勘探技术在潮汕坳陷油气勘探中的应用初探

东沙海域潮汕坳陷中生界研究程度相对较低,油气分布规律不明,为了加强对该区油气分布和富集规律的研究,针对潮汕坳陷西部地质目标首次应用微生物地球化学勘探技术(MGCE),探讨其含油气性。MGCE技术以轻烃微渗漏理论为基础,采用地质微生物学方法和地球化学方法检测研究区海底表层的微生物异常和吸附烃异常,预测研究区下伏地层中油气的富集区及其油气性质。检测结果显示研究区西部凹陷的斜坡区微生物异常呈块状发育,轻烃微渗漏强度变化大,可能为潜在油气富集区,酸解吸附烃成果显示可能的油气性质为干气和凝析油气。     

青藏高原东北缘瑞利面波成像：射线理论与程函方程结果的比较

青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原隆升的前缘地带,其构造变形特征一直是研究的热点。前人在该区域进行过面波成像研究,但不同结果存在较明显的差异,可能与不同成像方法的分辨率有关,此次研究分别使用基于射线的方法和基于程函方程的方法进行了瑞利波相速度成像。笔者对比了20 s、30 s和60 s的成像结果,两种方法的结果表现出相似的速度特征。总体的速度特征与研究区域的主要构造单元分布相吻合,青藏高原东北缘表现出低速异常,鄂尔多斯块体表现出高速异常。在银川河套地堑,基于程函方程的成像在20 s和30 s得到更明显的低速异常,低速异常体的分布与地堑的轮廓吻合更好,说明基于程函方程的方法对数据利用更充分。     

区域地震台网历史震相数据整合与共享服务

区域地震台网震相数据是区域地震台网产出的重要成果,是开展地球科学研究的重要资料。整理全国31个省份1973-2008年区域地震台网纸质震相报告和地震卡片,按统一格式录入震相数据,建立数据共享服务系统。文中系统阐述区域地震台网的发展过程、历史震相数据的整合、地震观测报告的主要内容及震级的测定方法,并介绍了历史震相数据共享服务系统和快速索引下载方法,为科研人员提供共享服务。     

含孔隙、裂隙地层随钻多极子声波测井理论

储层岩石中普遍存在孔隙与裂隙,对钻井中的测井声波产生重要影响.基于孔、裂隙介质弹性波理论,导出了随钻声波测井的井孔声场表达式.据此考察了地层裂隙密度与含气饱和度的变化时井孔内随钻多极子模式波（斯通利波、弯曲波和螺旋波）的速度、衰减与灵敏度以及地层纵、横波的响应特征.裂隙密度与含气饱和度对模式波的速度频散与衰减都有影响,且两参数的值越大,影响越大.具体来说,速度对裂隙密度更敏感,而衰减对含气饱和度更敏感.具有"艾里相"特征的随钻偶极和四极子波在地层含气时产生强烈衰减,可以作为判断地层含气的一个明显指示.理论模拟与实际测井数据分析结果符合较好.     

Non-invasive lab test in the monitoring of vadose zone contaminated by light non-aqueous phase liquid

We discuss a strategy capable of a quantitative long-term monitoring of water saturation and volume variation of light non-aqueous phase liquids in the soil. The goal was reached monitoring a controlled sand cell contaminated with classical gasoline over 124 days, using geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography, induced polarization and ground penetrating radar. We show that empirical relations, linking the water saturation to the physical parameters measured as resistivity from electrical resistivity tomography and travel time from georadar with advanced processing, are good tools for this purpose. The consistence of the proposed process is validated by both good overlap of results carried out from electrical resistivity tomography and georadar and theoretical models simulating the actual experiment.     

STUDY ON FOCAL DEPTH OF THE MS5.4 CANGWU EARTHQUAKE IN GUANGXI

On July 31th, 2016, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake struck Cangwu Country, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it was the largest earthquake recorded by Guangxi Seismological Network since it set up. The number of people affected by the earthquake had reached 20 000, and the direct economic losses caused by the earthquake were nearly 100 million Yuan. After the earthquake, USGS provided a global earthquake catalog showing that the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake was about 24.5km. However, the result given by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor showed the focal depth of this earthquake was 15.6km. However, the result obtained by Xu Xiaofeng et al. using CAP method was 5.1km. It was clear that the focal depths of Cangwu earthquake given by different institutions were quite different from each other. However, accurate focal depth of the earthquake has important significance for exploring the tectonic mechanism near the epicenter, so it is necessary to further determine the more accurate depth of the Cangwu earthquake. In order to further accurately determine the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake, we used the global search method for travel-time residual to calculate the focal depth of this earthquake and its error range, based on the regional velocity model, which is a one-dimensional velocity model of the Xianggui tectonic belt produced by the comprehensive geophysical profile. Then, we inverted the focal mechanism of this earthquake with the CAP method. Based on this, the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake was further determined by the method of the Rayleigh surface wave amplitude spectrum and the sPL phase, respectively. Computed results reveal that the focal depth of this earthquake and its error range from the travel-time residual global search method is about(13±3)km, the focal depth inverted by CAP method is about 10km, the focal depth from sPL phase is about 10km, and the focal depth from Rayleigh surface wave amplitude spectrum is about 9~10km. Finally, we confirmed that the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is about 10km, which indicates that this earthquake still occurred in the upper crust. In the case of low network density, the sPL phase and Rayleigh wave amplitude spectrum recorded by only 1 or 2 broadband stations could be used to obtain more accurate focal depth. The focal depth's accuracy of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake in the USGS global earthquake catalog has yet to be improved. In the future, we should consider the error of the source parameters when using the USGS global earthquake catalog for other related research.     

VELOCITY CHARACTRISTICS OF SHANXI AND ADJACENT AREA AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE

In order to acquire a better velocity structure of the crustal and uppermost mantle beneath Shanxi area, we obtain the group and phase velocities of Rayleigh wave of the periods 8s to 50s in Shanxi and adjacent area using ambient seismic noise recorded at 216 broad-band stations. All available vertical-component time series for 2014 have been cross-correlated to yield estimates of empirical Rayleigh wave Green's function. Group and phase velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh wave are measured for each interstation path by applying frequency-time analysis. It describes finer velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Shanxi, which reflects the geological structure characteristics at different depths. The resolution is within 50km and the resolution of part periods can reach 40km.The Rayleigh wave group and phase speed maps at short periods(8~18s and 10~22s)show clear correlations with shallow geological structures. Mountain areas on both sides of Shanxi depression zone show apparent high-velocity anomaly, except for low-velocity anomaly in the Taiyuan Basin, Linfen-Yuncheng Basin and Weihe Basin. Especially, the areas of Youyu County-Pianguan County-Kelan County-Shuozhou City and Jingle County-Lishi District of Lüliang City in Lüliang Mountains, and Yu County-Fuping County-Yi County and Yangcheng County-Licheng County in Taihang Mountains, present higher velocity anomaly. In addition, the velocity is lowest in the Weihe Basin, and the amplitude of low velocity decreases gradually from the south to the north of the basins in Shanxi, which probably is related to the process of gradual stretching and development of the Shanxi rift zone from the southwest to the northeast. The obvious velocity difference across the latitude of 38°N exists at 18~30s period of phase and 24~35s period of group velocity maps, which is probably related to the deep and shallow Moho depth variation in the south and north of Shanxi and the suture zone of ancient blocks including "hard" southern block and "soft" northern block. At the same time, the research result of receiver function reveals that partial melting of the lower crust occurs in the northern Taihang Mountains, while the southern section remains stable(Poisson's ratio is above 0.3 in the northern Taihang Mountains and 0.25~0.26 in the southern section). The phase velocity map at 30~50s period clearly shows NW velocity gradient belt, and the low velocity anomaly in the northeast side may be related to Cenozoic volcanism. Meanwhile, the eastern border of Ordos block is the western faults of central basins in Shanxi depression zone. However, some research results indicate that the above border is Lishi Fault in the surface, inferring that the Ordos block shows a shape of wide in the upper and narrow in the lower part from the surface to deep. The Datong volcanic area at 18~45s period of phase and 24~35s period of group velocity maps shows low velocity of trumpet shape from shallow to deep, related to the upwelling of hot material from lower mantle in the Cenozoic causing a large area of intense magmatic activity. It indicates the more specific upwelling channel of Datong volcanoes simultaneously.