Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the interaction between tunneling and pile foundations

This paper concerns analysis of the impact of construction of urban tunnels on adjacent pile foundations. It is carried out using an elastoplastic three‐dimensional finite element modelling. Numerical simulations are performed in two stages, which concern, respectively, the application of the pile axial loading and the construction of the tunnel in presence of the pile foundations. Analysis is carried out for both single piles and groups of piles. Results of numerical simulations show that tunneling induces significant internal forces in adjacent piles. The distribution of internal forces depends mainly on the position of the pile tip regarding the tunnel horizontal axis and the distance of the pile axis from the centre of the tunnel. Analysis of the interaction between tunneling and a group of piles reveals a positive group effect with a high reduction of the internal forces in rear piles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅议岩溶发育区施工勘察对桩基施工的指导作用

某水泥厂生料均化库桩基工程施工中,通过施工勘察顺利地解决了岩溶发育区冲孔灌注桩施工中持力层选择、全断面入岩判断、溶洞处理及桩基施工顺序等一系列问题.措施行之有效,工程质量良好.     

皖南山区钢管砼拱桥施工技术

铜管砼拱桥在皖南山区受到应用限制的主要因素是钢管加工困难,构件运输的自然环境条件差,大型预制构件不易到达桥位处,加之某些区域的环境因素影响,使钢管砼拱桥施工,养护和维修成为主要问题.文章主要叙述了钢管砼拱桥的几种施工方法,对各种施工方法的适用条件及技术要点进行了分析,供同行参考.     

覆水砂土场地中桥梁群桩基础地震响应离心试验研究

为探究覆水饱和砂土场地中土-群桩基础-桥梁结构体系动力相互作用规律,自主设计并制作了直（斜）群桩基础-桥梁结构物理相似模型,开展了不同地震动强度和不同特性地震波输入下的离心机振动台试验,分析了群桩基础-桥梁结构动力特性指标,探究了覆水饱和砂土地基超孔隙水压力发展规律和桩-土相互作用动力响应特性。研究结果表明：覆水的存在对地基土-桥梁结构体系的基本周期和阻尼影响很小,但会导致直群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值增加20%,而斜群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值降低10%;斜群桩基础模型阻尼比是直群桩基础模型的2倍。上覆水导致饱和砂土地基由受低频振动液化深度更大变为受高频振动地基液化深度更大,同时导致小震作用下促进超孔隙水压力发展,而大震作用下则反之。上覆水会增大桥梁上部结构的动力响应和桩身弯矩。上述研究结果可为覆水场地中桥梁工程抗震设计提供关键参考依据。     

双排隔振屏障对振动波的阻隔作用及动力响应分析

本文采用模拟试验的方法,对分层土地基中双排隔振屏障对振动波的动力响应进行了探讨,并研究了桩长与土层分界面位置关系、激振频率对其隔振效果的影响作用,得出结论:（1）屏障前振动强度远大于屏障后振动强度,并随着振源距、激振频率、桩长的增加而下降,且屏障前出现明显振动增强现象,在激振频率80 Hz时产生振动峰值,振动强度在高频时基本稳定,继续增加激振频率,振动强度并不会发生明显变化。（2）屏障后中线左右2倍桩长范围内为整个隔振区域的薄弱区,其他区域则由包络线围成一个封闭有效隔振区。（3）屏障对中频和高频有更好的隔振效果,且桩长越大有效隔振面积越大,当桩长超过土层分界面时,有效隔振面积可达到53.25%～69.78%,但此时有效隔振面积增幅由原来的14.29%下降到11.64%,增幅降低了约3%。（4）未设屏障区振动强度较小,随激振频率小范围内浮动,在激振频率为30 Hz和80 Hz时取得振动峰值,且随着屏障布置方向减小,即靠近屏障一侧振动强度较强,远离屏障一侧振动强度较弱。     

Probabilistic seismic response and reliability assessment of isolated bridges

Bridge seismic isolation strategy is based on the reduction of shear forces transmitted from the superstructure to the piers by two means: shifting natural period and earthquake input energy reduction by dissipation concentrated in protection devices. In this paper, a stochastic analysis of a simple isolated bridge model for different bridge and device parameters is conducted to assess the efficiency of this seismic protection strategy. To achieve this aim, a simple nonlinear softening constitutive law is adopted to model a wide range of isolation devices, characterized by only three essential mechanical parameters. As a consequence of the random nature of seismic motion, a probabilistic analysis is carried out and the time modulated Kanai-Tajimi stochastic process is adopted to represent the seismic action. The response covariance in the state space is obtained by solving the Lyapunov equation for a stochastic linearized system. After a sensitivity analysis, the failure probability referred to extreme displacement and the mean value of dissipated energy are assessed by using the introduced stochastic indices of seismic bridge protection efficiency. A parametric analysis for protective devices with different mechanical parameters is developed for a proper selection of parameters of isolation devices under different situations.     

城市桥梁震害预测方法的探讨

简要介绍了城市桥梁的六种震害预测方法。在确定采用哪种方法时,要根据桥梁的结构型式、桥墩材料、墩台高度、基础类型等因素来确定。在详细介绍了回归统计法的基础上,通过实际桥梁的震害与回归统计法的预测进行比较,检验了回归统计法的可靠性。     

大跨径高桥墩垂直度观测方法和精度分析

介绍了高桥墩的垂直度观测方法和精度分析,推导出一系列实用公式,观测方法简单,结果精确可靠。利用这种方法能快速有效地判断出桥墩的倾斜量,及时采取相应调整措施,以保证桥墩的垂直性。     

GPS在桥梁跨河水准测量中的应用研究

传统的跨河水准测量方法以几何光学观测为基础,受距离和气候条件的影响显著,工作效率较低。GPS技术所具有的三维定位功能,以其快速、全天候测量的优点,为跨河高程测量提供了一条新的途径。本文针对桥梁工程特点,探讨了GPS跨河水准测量的基本原理和方法,采用线性拟合模型推求跨河点之间的高程异常差,再结合GPS大地高即可求得跨河高差。在安庆长江铁路大桥精密控制网测量中,进行了二等GPS跨河水准测量试验,采用测距三角高程法进行验证,较差为4.7mm。     

多边形自动生成的一种改进算法

本文提出了一种多边形自动生成的改进算法,对不参与组成多边形的弧段和结点进行分类处理,在搜索多边形之前,排除悬挂结点、悬挂弧段、假悬挂结点和假悬挂弧段的干扰,在搜索多边形的过程中,为弧段建立搜索标志,并对桥进行判断和排除,较好地解决了问题,提高了自动生成多边形的效率。