水库蓄放水对库底岩石介质弹性波速影响的数值模拟

为了解水库水体加、卸载及渗透过程中,库底岩石介质有效应力变化对弹性波速的影响,以及弹性波速变化与孔隙压力、有效应力变化之间的定量关系,以四川省紫坪铺水库为例,在前期已建立库区地质构造与水文地质结构模型,并推导出岩石介质变形与流体渗流耦合数学模型的基础上,进一步建立了有效应力对岩石弹性波速影响的数学模型,利用有限元方法定量计算了库底岩石介质的孔隙压力、附加有效应力和弹性波速的变化。结果表明:在水库水体加、卸载及渗透过程中,地下岩石介质弹性波速增量值的变化并不明显,最大变幅仅为±0.013km/s,变化范围主要集中在库底5km以上的局部区域;弹性波速增量值与附加有效应力变化同步,与水库水位变化形态相似;不同观测点弹性波速变化量的大小与埋藏位置、深度及附加有效应力的变化幅度有关,同一观测点,弹性纵波波速变化幅度大于弹性横波波速。文中数值模拟的结果与一些学者通过环境噪声方法获得的紫坪铺水库附近区域相对波速变化的反演结果在变化形态上大体一致,但变化幅度略有差异。     

静钻根植能源桩承载特性模型试验研究

为了研究静钻根植能源桩在热-力耦合作用下的承载特性,采用自行设计模型试验系统,测试模型桩在黏-砂双层地基中的热力响应。试验结果表明:桩体温度沿深度变化并不均匀,对桩周土的温度影响半径为3倍桩径;3次冷热循环后桩顶和桩周土表面均产生累积沉降,在桩顶荷载达到单桩极限承载力的25%时,桩顶累积沉降达到桩径的3.12‰,是桩顶无荷载情况下的1.77倍;模型桩附加温度应力沿深度分布均表现为中间大两端小,位移变化零点(附加温度应力最大处)随着桩顶荷载增大(约束增强)而上移,桩顶荷载较小时降温引起桩身局部产生拉应力。因此,静钻根植能源桩的承载特性与温度变化条件、桩顶荷载大小和桩端约束条件密切相关,在工程设计中需要综合考虑以确保运行安全性。     

Stress states of thawed soil subgrade

The article presents the field measurement results of the stress states of roadbed thawed soil subgrade during the passage of trains. The dependences of the vertical and horizontal stresses on the velocity of the rolling stock motion, the axle load, and the distance from the sleeper sole have been obtained.     

SICK-LMS 291激光扫描仪单机检校方法研究

激光扫描仪测量是获取三维空间信息的最有效方法之一。本文通过设计针对性的试验分析了SICK-LMS291激光扫描仪的测角和测距精度,建立数学模型分别求解了其距离和角度改正参数,结果表明改正后的激光扫描仪距离和角度测量精确度都得到了明显的提高,验证了本文采用的检校方法的可行性。     

山区公路拓宽路基与衡重式挡土墙动态相互作用的数值模拟

针对山区公路路基拓宽改建的特殊性,运用非线性有限元法,开展衡重式挡土墙修建、新路基逐层分步填筑的动态施工力学行为数值模拟。针对新路基是否加筋、加筋层位以及衡重台上下方新路基填土压实状况的差异性,对新旧路基稳定安全性、滑动面形态、沉降、挡土墙变位等力学响应的影响开展参数敏感性分析。结合室内模拟墙体不同主动位移模式下拓宽路基土工离心模型试验成果,考察新旧路基顶面沉降与挡土墙变位的动态耦合关系。在山区公路路基拓宽改建动态施工中,挡土墙的变位和新旧路基顶面沉降、差异沉降相互耦合,呈正相关关系。衡重台下方新路基填土压实不足会导致新旧路基顶面差异沉降增大。挡土墙主动外倾诱发新旧路基顶面产生较大附加（差异）沉降,宜对新路基自重压密作用造成的差异沉降予以适当修正放大后进行上承路面结构设计。     

Formation of diapiric structure in the deformation zone,central Indian Ocean: A model from gravity and seismic reflection data

Analyses of bathymetry, gravity and seismic reflection data of the diffusive plate boundary in the central Indian Ocean reveal a new kind of deformed structure besides the well-reported structures of long-wavelength anticlinal basement rises and high-angle reverse faults. The structure (basement trough) has a length of about 150 km and deepens by up to 1 km from its regional trend (northward dipping). The basement trough includes a rise at its center with a height of about 1.5km. The rise is about 10 km wide with rounded upper surface and bounded by vertical faults. A broad freeair gravity low of about 20 mGal and a local high of 8 mGal in its center are associated with the identified basement trough and rise structure respectively. Seismic results reveal that the horizontal crustal compression prevailing in the diffusive plate boundary might have formed the basement trough possibly in early Pliocene time. Differential loading stresses have been generated from unequal crust/sediment thickness on lower crustal and upper mantle rocks. A thin semi-ductile serpentinite layer existing near the base of the crust that is interpreted to have been formed at mid-ocean ridge and become part of the lithosphere, may have responded to the downward loading stresses generated by the sediments and crustal rocks to inject the serpentinites into the overlying strata to form a classic diapiric structure.     

采动诱发应力主轴偏转对断层稳定性影响分析

为探究上、下盘不同开采顺序对断层稳定性影响,基于压力拱理论提出应力偏转概念,运用FLAC3D数值方法,模拟工作面分别从断层上盘和下盘向断层推进的过程,分析接触面应力状态和演化规律,验证采动诱发应力偏转,并与断层损伤变量及其增速进行对比分析。研究表明,工作面自上、下盘不同方向靠近断层,顶板主应力起始偏转位置分别为距离断层120 m和40 m处,相差80 m,且下盘最大偏转角是上盘工作面的1.68倍;断层损伤变量的启滑点分别距断层130 m和40 m,下盘工作面相对上盘工作面提前90 m,二者良好的对应关系表明应力偏转与断层滑移失稳显著相关。采动诱发应力偏转产生附加应力概念可以很好解释上、下盘工作面断层稳定性差异,为断层保护煤柱留设及工作面过断层防灾措施制定提供新思路。     

Study on semi-active control of mega-sub controlled structure by MR damper subject to random wind loads

The recently proposed mega-sub controlled structure （MSCS）, a new type of structure associated with the design and construction of super-tall buildings, has attracted the attention of designers for use in enhancing the control effectiveness in mega-frame buildings. In this paper, a dynamic equation and method to assemble parameter matrixes for a mega-sub controlled structure under random wind loads is presented. Semi-active control using magnetorheological dampers for the MSCS under random wind loads is investigated, and is compared with a corresponding system without dampers. A parametric study of the relative stiffness ratio and relative mass ratio between the mega-frame and the substructures, as well as the additional column stiffness ratio that influences the response control effectiveness of the MSCS, is discussed. The studies reveal, for the first time, that different control mechanisms exist. The results indicate that the proposed structure employing semi-active control can offer an effective control mechanism. Guidelines for selecting parameters are provided based on the analytical study.     

Understanding the Seismic Velocity Structure of Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy): From the Laboratory to the Field Scale

We report laboratory measurements of P- and S-wave velocities on samples of tuff from Campi Flegrei (Italy), and a new tomographic velocity map of the Campi Flegrei caldera. Laboratory measurements were made in a hydrostatic pressure vessel during both increasing and decreasing effective pressure cycles. Selected samples were also thermally stressed at temperatures up to 600°C to induce thermal crack damage. Acoustic emission output was recorded throughout each thermal stressing experiment, and velocities were measured after thermal stressing. Laboratory P- and S-wave velocities are initially low for the tuff, which has an initial porosity of ~45%, but both increase by between 25 and 50% over the effective pressure range of 5 to 80 MPa, corresponding to a decrease of porosity of ~70%. Marked velocity hysteresis, due to inelastic damage processes, is also observed in samples subjected to a pressurization-depressurization cycle. Tomographic seismic velocity distributions obtained from field recordings are in general agreement with the laboratory measurements. Integration of the laboratory ultrasonic and seismic tomography data indicates that the tuffs of the Campi Flegrei caldera can be water or gas saturated, and shows that inelastic pore collapse and cracking produced by mechanical and thermal stress can significantly change the velocity properties of Campi Flegrei tuffs at depth. These changes need to be taken into account in accurately interpreting the crustal structure from tomographic data.     

Asymmetric continuum and anisotropy

We present a relation between stress moments and antisymmetric part of stresses and the related constitutive law joining those stresses with the particle/point rotations. Correspondence of the asymmetric continuum theory to the micromorphic theory is considered. An extension of the asymmetric continuum theory for the case of 2D anisotropy for antisymmetric stresses leads us to the problems of friction anisotropy and fracture pattern.