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21.
We consider the advantages of a formalism based on concept of the asymmetric continuum and we present some equivalence theorems
relating it to the asymmetric elasticity and to micropolar and micromorphic theories as founded by Nowacki, Cosserats and
Eringen.
We consider the basic processes in an asymmetric continuum which could be reduced to the point basic motions/deformations.
The co-action of spin and shear motions is assumed to play the main role in fracturing process, while the constitutive relation
between the antisymmetric stresses and rotations replaces the friction constitutive law. 相似文献
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钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构基于自平衡力的非线性地震反应分析 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
本文简要评述了现有钢筋混凝土剪力墙的非线性分析模型,着重介绍了多竖线单元模型,并对其竖向单元的轴向刚度和水平弹簧的剪切刚度分别建议了改进的滞变模型,最后将基于自平衡力的非线性动力反应分析方法应用于求解剪力墙结构的非线性地震反应,并用传统分析方法对其结果进行了检验,表明该分析方法计算简便,而且是有效和可靠的。 相似文献
24.
长板短桩工法加固机理数值研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
长板短桩工法是采用长的塑料排水板(或砂井)与短的水泥土搅拌桩联合的新型地基处理方法。作者依据淮盐高速公路盐城段第十四合同段K97+461-K97+561的试验研究,在比较了各种数值模拟计算方法的基础上,选用复合地基单元体方法,利用原位测试和土工实验得到的指标作为计算所使用的参数,以现场量测结果作为数值模型检验的依据,对长板短桩工法复合地基数值模型的合理性作进一步的探索和验证。 相似文献
25.
Focal mechanisms of small earthquakes in the southeastern Brazilian shield: a test of stress models of the South American plate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marcelo Assumpção 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,133(2):490-498
Focal mechanisms of small earthquakes with magnitudes of about 3 in the SE Brazilian shield are calculated using S / P amplitude ratios. Low attenuation ( Q p from 400 to 800) in the shield upper-crustal layers allowed sharp S arrivals to be recorded up to distances of 100 km. Besides P -wave polarities, SH -wave first motions were also used to constrain the nodal-plane orientations. Normal and reverse faulting mechanisms with strike-slip components were found. The inversion of four mechanisms to estimate the stress tensor indicated a strike-slip stress regime with roughly E–W-orientated σ 1 and N–S σ 3 . Both the orientations and the shape factor ( φ =0.7) of the inverted stress are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions for that part of Brazil from the driving-force model of Coblentz & Richardson (1996) . Good agreement with the nature of the stress, as well as its orientation, was also found for the model of Meijer (1995) . Both of these theoretical models include spreading stresses along the continent/ocean lithospheric transition. Because the earthquakes are more than 300 km from the continental shelf they should not be affected by the local flexural forces caused by sediment load in the marginal basins. The agreement between observed and theoretical stresses then confirms the importance of continental spreading forces in modelling intraplate stresses. 相似文献
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Studies in the past have tried to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of granular materials by proposing constitutive relations based on a common assumption that model parameters and parameters describing the properties, including gradation of individual grains are inevitably linked. However successful these models have proved to be, they cannot account for the changes in granular assembly behaviour if the grains start to break during mechanical loading. This paper proposes to analyse the relation between grading change and the mechanical behaviour of granular assembly. A way to model the influence of grain breakage is to use a critical state‐based model. The influence of the amount of grain breakage during loading, depending on the individual grain strength and size distribution, can be introduced into constitutive relations by means of a new parameter that controls the evolution of critical state with changes in grain size distribution. Experimental data from a calcareous sand, a quartz sand, and a rockfill material were compared with numerical results and good‐quality simulations were obtained. The main consequences of grain breakage are increased compressibility and a gradual dilatancy disappearance in the granular material. The critical state concept is also enriched by considering its overall relation to the evolution of the granular material. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
29.
轨道误差和长波大气延迟组成的系统误差是影响InSAR形变监测精度的重要因素之一.传统方法在空间域对干涉图的系统误差建模,容易导致长波形变和系统误差相混淆.本文在时空域利用附加系统参数对系统误差建模,同时根据观测值质量对差分相位观测值定权,采用附加系统参数的加权最小二乘法估计形变参数和系统误差,实现了长波形变和系统误差的分离.模拟实验结果表明,在形变与系统误差的空间变化特性完全一致的极端情况下,本文方法能实现两者的有效分离,估计的形变速率均方根误差比传统方法降低了98.8%.ASAR数据实验显示当形变尺度较小且分散分布时,本文方法和传统方法得到的结果相似;当形变在研究区内表现为长波变化时,本文方法比传统方法估计的形变结果更为稳健. 相似文献
30.
本文根据小浪底水库地区的地震地质和水文地质条件,浅析了水库诱发地震的可能性,并对其最大震级进行了多种方法的估算预测。 相似文献