A new analytical model to study the influence of weld on the vertical dynamic response of prestressed pipe pile

This investigation is concerned with the mathematical analysis of a viscoelastic prestressed pipe pile embedded in multilayered soil under vertical dynamic excitation. The pile surrounding soil is governed by the plane strain model, and the soil plug is assumed to be an additional mass connected to the pipe pile shaft by applying the distributed Voigt model. Meanwhile, the prestressed pipe pile is assumed to be a vertical, viscoelastic, and hollow cylinder governed by the one‐dimensional wave equation. Then, analytical solutions of the dynamic response of the pipe pile in the frequency domain are derived by means of the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method. Subsequently, the corresponding quasi‐analytical solution in the time domain for the case of the prestressed pipe pile undergoing a vertical semi‐sinusoidal exciting force applied at the pile top is obtained by employing the inverse Fourier transform. Utilizing these solutions, selected results for the velocity admittance curve and the reflected wave curve are presented for different heights of the soil plug to examine the influence of weld properties on the vertical dynamic response of prestressed pipe pile. The reasonableness of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the calculated results based on the presented solutions with measured results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contemporary kinematics of the Upper Rhine Graben: A 3D finite element approach

The Upper Rhine Graben (URG), a Cenozoic intra-plate rift situated in the Alpine foreland, is presently characterised by relative slow tectonic deformation and low to medium seismicity. Concurrently, it is a region with a significant amount of ongoing subsidence in two recent depocentres (0.1 to 0.2 mm/a geological, 1 mm/a geodetical rate). In this paper, the recent kinematic behaviour of the URG is simulated using a 3D finite element model, containing three lithospheric layers (upper mantle, lower crust and upper crust) with different rheological properties. First order fault structures (e.g. border faults) are implemented as frictional contact surfaces within the upper crustal layer. The stresses generated by applying lateral displacements over a time period of 10 ka are insufficient to obtain a match between predicted and observed stress magnitudes. Therefore, a technique of “combined pre-stressing” has been developed to avoid unrealistic deformation and unrealistic stress magnitudes within the model. The stress magnitudes and stress directions predicted are calibrated against in-situ stress measurements and stress indicator data. For benchmarking of the modelling results, the vertical surface displacements predicted are compared to surface uplift derived from geological and geomorphological data. Furthermore, predicted fault slip rates are compared to available geological and geodetical data. Parameters derived from the calculated stress tensor, such as fracture potential and the regime stress ratio are also analysed in order to describe the possible kinematic behaviour of the URG. The modelling results suggest that the URG is currently being reactivated as a sinistral strike–slip system with the central segment of the URG forming a restraining bend and the two recent depocentres situated in releasing bend settings. The modelling results suggest that both sinistral shearing and mantle uplift are active mechanisms driving the recent kinematics of the URG and that the recent subsidence within the two depocentres is re-enforced by ongoing mantle uplift additionally.     

不同附加参数的POS辅助空三精度分析

POS辅助空三的应用,能够减少传统空三中为加密所需野外控制点的联测工作量,缩短成图周期,降低成本;然而选择不同个数的附加参数,也会使得在POS辅助空三的过程中所采取的模型有所差异,所建立的误差方程式亦不同。因此,在对精度要求比较高的情况下,附加参数的选择就显得尤为重要。通过使用不同的附加参数来建立模型,分析造成其精度差异的原因并对参数的选择提出了建议。     

基于联合求解法的疏桩地基沉降计算方法研究

疏桩基础作为一种工期短、效果好的软土地基处理方式,在工程中的应用越来越广泛。考虑带桩帽的PTC（预应力混凝薄壁管桩）刚性桩桩侧摩阻力分布规律,将桩侧摩阻力假定为2个三角形拼合的分布形式。联合应用Mindlin-Geddes解答及Boussinesq解答,推导出了疏桩补偿地基中的附加应力的计算公式。结合具体算例,计算复合地基的沉降变形量。研究表明,该联合方法的沉降计算结果比传统方法偏小,与实测数据较为吻合。当桩间距大于8倍桩径时,随着桩间距的增加,疏桩补偿地基的附加应力场基本不变,但沉降量相应增大。对于桩间距较大的疏桩补偿地基,采用长、短桩组合形式较为合理。通过设置深层水泥土搅拌桩来加固软土路堤,能有效控制沉降量。     

泡沫混凝土拓宽路基的差异沉降研究

在分析泡沫混凝土用于高速公路路基拓宽模式的基础上,建立了泡沫混凝土拓宽路基的附加应力计算模型;推导了新老路基差异沉降计算公式,并结合绍(兴)诸(暨)高速上三段拓宽工程的建设,分析了泡沫混凝土拓宽路基的地基附加应力分布规律和沉降特性以及拓宽参数对新老路基不均匀沉降的影响.研究表明,随拓宽宽度增加,老路受影响范围越大,不均匀沉降增大,最大差异沉降率非线性增大;零征地拓宽时,拓宽对老路沉降基本没有影响;随开挖宽度增加,泡沫混凝土的“应力置换”效果增强,路基的不均匀沉降减小,最大差异沉降率减小.     

Shear behavior of geotextile-reinforced Chlef sand in the Mediterranean region: Laboratory investigation

Abstract

An experimental study about the effects of initial conditions of soil and geotextile reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of reinforced sand is presented in this paper. A series of direct shear tests are conducted on reconstituted specimens of dry and moist natural sand prepared with different initial water content (w?=?0, 1.5, 3, and 5%) and including the two arrangements of geotextile layers (one and two layers, respectively). Both S41 and PEC55types of non-woven geotextile were used and placed at different heights of the specimens to investigate the effect of geotextile reinforcement on the behavior of sand. Test specimens were prepared at Dr =80% of relative density and were subjected to three different normal stresses of 100, 200, and 300?kPa. The experimental results showed that the deposition mode (wet and dry) and the geotextile reinforcement have significant effects on the behavior of reinforced sand. The increase in shear strength is relatively more significant for specimens prepared with dry deposition mode as compared to those prepared with wet deposition mode and it increases with the number of geotextile layers, this effect becomes less significant for wet specimens. The experimental results also demonstrated that (PEC55) non-woven geotextile shows a better performance than the (S41) of geotextile. These results can be explained by the effective tensile strength property of polyester yarns of the (PEC55) non-woven geotextile that it has led to a significant increase in the shear strength.     

煤矿积水采空区瞬变电磁法探测的附加效应

煤矿积水采空区由于其复杂性,在进行瞬变电磁法探测时,常常会产生一些附加效应。从理论、试验出发,研究了附加效应的特点及探测曲线特征,并根据这些特点对实际工程进行了分析、解释,圈定的积水采空区经钻探验证,效果良好。      

桩基础托换开发地下空间不均匀沉降的数值分析

桩基础托换法开发既有建筑物地下空间的施工过程可分为桩基托换前、托换后和土方开挖至设计标高3个工况。施工过程会使既有建筑物地基产生二次沉降变形,由此产生的附加内力会影响到上部结构的安全。为了研究一个3层框架结构建筑物增加一层地下室桩基础托换过程的地基沉降规律,建立了3个工况的ANSYS三维有限元模型,并进行数值分析。通过定义路径的方法,可以得到3个工况的沉降曲线和柱脚处地基的沉降差。从沉降分析的结果可以看出：桩基托换前,地基总的沉降趋势是中间部位柱脚大于周边部位柱脚的“盆式沉降”;桩基础托换后,柱脚处的沉降差进一步增大;土方开挖后,由于下层土被“卸载”,中间部位柱脚处的地基明显回弹,使得中间部位柱脚与周边部位柱脚的沉降差出现了减少的趋势。最大的沉降差出现在桩基托换后土方开挖前,此时由沉降差引起的上部结构的附加弯距可以通过ANSYS有限元分析求出。     

成因机理控制下的低电阻率油层发育特征及地质目标优选

通过建立低阻油层各种岩石物理成因与地质成因之间的关系,结合沉积环境、成岩作用、构造特征和成藏动力因素等综合分析低阻油层的发育特征,提出了5种具有典型意义的低阻油层有利勘探目标区带：（1）小规模、低幅度构造发育区,（2）天然水淹等构造运动活跃、流体非均质严重的区带,（3）岩性细、粘土矿物组合中蒙脱石含量高的区带,（4）弱水动力环境下砂泥岩薄互层发育区,（5）与火山碎屑沉积演化有关的黄铁矿等导电性矿物富集区。以上区带都是低阻油层的勘探目标优选区。由于钻井泥浆与地层水性质不同等侵入原因而造成的油、水层电性标准模糊则属于工程原因所导致的低阻。     

Effect of coastal waves on sea level in Óbidos Lagoon,Portugal

This study reports the role of waves, tide, wind and freshwater discharges over the sea level in Óbidos Lagoon, a coastal system connected to the sea through a narrow and shallow mobile inlet. To address the hydrodynamic features of this coastal system, the relative importance of different physical forcings were evaluated. For this purpose, observations together with realistic and idealized numerical modeling were used. Both model and measurements show that the lagoon sea level remains above offshore sea level during storm wave periods. Hence, a simplified inlet-lagoon idealized model was described through mathematical expressions, to understand and highlight the physical processes responsible for sea-level elevation.