Application of FY-2C Cloud Drift Winds in a Mesoscale Numerical Model

Statistical tests and error analysis of cloud drift winds(CDWs) from the FY-2C satellite were made by using radiosonde observations.According to the error characteristics of the CDW,a bias correction using the thermal wind theory was applied in the data quality control.The CDW data were then assimilated into the GRAPES-meso model via the GRAPES-3DVar.A torrential rain event that occurred in northwestern China during 1-2 July 2005 was simulated.The results indicate that the CDW data were mainly distribute...     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD OF THE XIAOWAN RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT

Using the seismic waveform data of Xiaowan seismic network and Yunnan seismic network, we determined the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 by generalized polarity and amplitude technique. We inverted tectonic stress field of the Xiaowan reservoir before impounding, using the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and CAP solutions of 58 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 4.0)collected and the solutions in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)catalog; We inverted local stress field of the reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area, using 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015. Focal mechanisms statistics show that, the Weixi-Qiaohou Fault is the seismic fault. Focal mechanisms were strike-slip type in initial stage, but normal fault type in later stage. Focal depths statistics of 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)show that, the average value of focal depths in period Ⅰ, period Ⅱ and period Ⅲ are 8.2km, 7.3km and 7.8km respectively and the standard deviations are 4.3km, 3.5km and 6.0km respectively. The average value of focal depths is basically stable in different period, only the standard deviation is slightly different. Therefore, there is not positive connection between focal depth and deviation of focal mechanisms. What's more, there are 2 earthquakes(number 46 and number 47 in Fig.5 and Table 3)with almost the same magnitude, epicenter and focal depth, but they have different faulting types as normal and strike-slip. The focal mechanism of event No.46 is strike:302°, dip:40° and rake:-97° for plane Ⅰ, however, the focal mechanism of event No.47 is strike:292°, dip:82° and rake:140° for plane Ⅰ. Likewise, earthquake of number 3 and number 18 have similar characteristic. Therefore, the obvious focal mechanism difference of similar earthquake pair indicates the complexity of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault. Considering the quiet-active character of reservoir-triggered earthquakes, we discussed the change of local stress field in different period. The σ₁ of tectonic stress field was in the near-south direction, with a dip angle of 14° before the impoundment, however, the direction of σ₁ of local stress field changed continuously, with the dip angle getting larger after the impoundment. The direction of σ₁ of local stress field of reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area is close to the strike of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault, and reservoir impoundment increased the shear stress in the fault, so the weakening of fault was beneficial to trigger earthquakes. Comprehensive analysis suggests that fluid permeation and pore pressure diffusion caused by the water impounding, and the weakening of fault caused by local stress field are the key factors to trigger earthquake in the Xiaowan reservoir.     

混沌遗传算法在高层结构风振控制优化中的应用研究

将混沌遗传算法(Chaos Genetic Algorithm,简称CGA)引入高层结构的风振控制优化中,对采用黏弹性阻尼器来控制风振响应的高层结构进行参数优化;用Matlab语言编制了均布法、迭代法、简单遗传算法(Simple Genetic Algorithm,简称SGA)和混沌遗传算法的风振控制优化分析程序;对9个高层结构进行风振控制优化,对比了算法程序的计算效率以及无控、均布、迭代、SGA和CGA工况下的结构风振响应。研究结果表明:混沌遗传算法可以应用于高层结构风振控制优化之中;混沌遗传算法的计算效率比简单遗传算法最高提升了29%;经混沌遗传算法优化后,黏弹性阻尼器附加给结构的附加阻尼比与均布和迭代相比最高分别提高了61%和22%,CGA工况的顶层加速度响应与均布和迭代法相比最高分别减小了14%和12%。为高层结构风振控制优化研究提供了新思路,具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。     

渤海湾盆地北部奥陶纪岩相古地理

渤海湾盆地北部主要包括黄骅坳陷、沧县隆起、冀中坳陷和下辽河坳陷,区内奥陶系厚 6 0 0～ 80 0m,主要由石灰岩和白云岩组成。下奥陶统分为冶里组和亮甲山组,中奥陶统分为下马家沟组、上马家沟组和峰峰组,上统缺失。其中下马家沟组、上马家沟组和峰峰组又进一步划分为下段和上段。早奥陶世冶里期和亮甲山期,本区以局限海环境为主,其内散布着一些潮坪和滩。中奥陶世,本区岩相古地理面貌变化旋回极为明显,下马家沟期早期潮坪广布,晚期以局限海为主;上马家沟期早期又是潮坪广布,晚期以开阔海为主;峰峰期早期潮坪广布,晚期又以开阔海为主。在奥陶纪,本区经历了 4个大的海侵-海退旋回,其中上马家沟期晚期是本区乃至整个华北地台的最大海侵期。     

张家沟滑坡治理工程及数值模拟

以青川张家沟滑坡为例,结合其工程地质条件和变形破坏特征,详细分析了其变形破坏原因和稳定性,提出了相应的治理工程措施,并运用FLAC^3D软件对滑坡治理前后进行数值模拟。结果表明：滑坡的形态特征、岩土体松散的结构特征是滑坡失稳的先决条件,而降雨引起的地质环境的改变是滑坡失稳的诱发因素,桩板墙+截排水工程为主的治理措施有效地控制了滑坡的进一步变形,确保了滑坡的稳定,数值模拟结果与滑坡的实际变形和治理效果相吻合。     

重庆大学危岩锚固工程简介

重庆大学18层高层建筑物拟建在嘉陵江高陡斜坡脚下,斜坡上部陡崖为侏罗系上沙溪庙组巨厚层砂岩,岩石原生及岸剪裂隙发育,危岩直接威胁着建筑物。川地208队采用锚杆加固及涂抹砂浆水泥护坡综合防治工程,效果明显。     

长江上游干流梯级水库群防洪库容互用性初探

根据《长江流域防洪规划》,长江上游已投入运行的、具有防洪功能的大型控制性水库总预留防洪库容超360亿m3,亟需研究科学实用的防洪调度方法。在定义防洪库容互用性涵义的基础上,探讨了长江上游水库群间防洪库容的互用性,提出了基于库容互用性的水库群防洪调度方法。以金沙江下游梯级和三峡水库为例,分析了二者之间防洪库容的互用比例。研究结果显示,对于1981年、1982年和1998年3个典型年的洪水,金沙江下游梯级水库相对于三峡水库防洪库容的互用比例在0.80~0.97之间,并受拦蓄洪量比例和拦蓄时机的影响。在实时防洪预报调度中,可根据水库群所处状态及防洪形势,基于防洪库容互用性研究成果,结合水文气象预报,科学有效地调度洪水。     

基于图像处理的自动野外救援系统设计

针对野外救援的不及时性,结合人工智能等技术的应用,提出了一种新的自动野外救援系统.人类在野外和海上活动中受困后,除了依靠自身能力和装备进行求生之外,外部的有效及时救援是提高生存几率的关键.自动野外救援系统,由自动报警装置、手动报警装置实现报警,触发整个系统的运行.自动救援装置可以通过定位模块实现定位,通过执行器移动到随身装置附近实现救援,随身装置还可以发出信标导引信号;自动救援装置还可以通过传感器检测信标,通过相位检测技术等计算待救者的坐标并规划路径,实现更精准的定位与救援.     

自主式水下机械手系统研究

本文从水下机械手的总体设计，关节直流电机的驱动和调速，手臂上声纳的水下搜索与跟踪，机械手系统的智能控制和电源等几个方面，介绍了有关自主式水下机械手系统的研究，可为研制自主式水下作业系统提供参考     

Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall: a case study in the wet and dry tropics of North East Australia

Rainfall regimes with strong spatial and temporal variation are characteristic of many coastal regions of north and eastern Australia. In coastal regions of north eastern Australia, regimes vary considerably over short distances. This occurs because of changes in local topography, including the height and orientation of mountain ranges and the direction of the coastline with respect to the prevailing moist south east air stream. Northern Australia experiences a tropical monsoon climate with rainfall occurring predominantly during the summer months. Areas with a closer proximity to the coast typically experience the heavier rainfalls. While networks of rainfall gauges have been established and continuous records are available for most of these stations from the 1890s, their low distribution density relative to the complexity of rainfall pattern they are required to represent means that there remains a poor understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in the wet tropics. An enhanced knowledge of rainfall distribution in both space and time has the potential to deliver significant economic and environmental benefits to managers of natural resources. This paper reports on the application of a technique for estimating mean annual and mean monthly rainfall across the Herbert River catchment of north east Australia's dry and wet tropics. The technique utilises thin plate smoothing splines to incorporate both location and elevation into estimates of rainfall distribution. We demonstrate that the method can be applied successfully at the meso scale and within the domain of routinely available data. As such, the method has broad relevance for decision making.