全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2692篇 |
免费 | 559篇 |
国内免费 | 1612篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 7篇 |
大气科学 | 6篇 |
地球物理 | 299篇 |
地质学 | 4220篇 |
海洋学 | 89篇 |
天文学 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 137篇 |
自然地理 | 103篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 89篇 |
2021年 | 96篇 |
2020年 | 125篇 |
2019年 | 153篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 148篇 |
2016年 | 162篇 |
2015年 | 147篇 |
2014年 | 194篇 |
2013年 | 209篇 |
2012年 | 265篇 |
2011年 | 184篇 |
2010年 | 180篇 |
2009年 | 173篇 |
2008年 | 223篇 |
2007年 | 221篇 |
2006年 | 251篇 |
2005年 | 212篇 |
2004年 | 195篇 |
2003年 | 171篇 |
2002年 | 119篇 |
2001年 | 136篇 |
2000年 | 127篇 |
1999年 | 138篇 |
1998年 | 108篇 |
1997年 | 102篇 |
1996年 | 82篇 |
1995年 | 55篇 |
1994年 | 81篇 |
1993年 | 59篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4863条查询结果,搜索用时 353 毫秒
981.
982.
983.
Two magma series and associated ore deposit types in the Permian Emeishan large igneous province, SW China 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
Mei-Fu Zhou Nicolas T. Arndt John Malpas Christina Yan Wang Allen K. Kennedy 《Lithos》2008,103(3-4):352-368
The Late Middle Permian ( 260 Ma) Emeishan large igneous province in SW China contains two magmatic series, one comprising high-Ti basalts and Fe-rich gabbroic and syenitic intrusions, the other low-Ti basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions. The Fe-rich gabbros are spatially and temporally associated with syenites. Each series is associated with a distinctive type of mineralization, the first with giant Fe–Ti–V oxide ore deposits such as Panzhihua and Baima, the second with Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposits such as Jinbaoshan, Limahe and Zhubu. New SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic data yielded 263 ± 3 Ma for the Limahe intrusion, 261 ± 2 Ma for the Zhubu intrusion and 262 ± 2 Ma for a syenitic intrusion. These new age dates, together with previously reported SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages, suggest that all these intrusions are contemporaneous with the Emeishan flood basalts and formed during a major igneous event at ca. 260 Ma.The oxide-bearing intrusions have higher Al2O3, FeO (as total iron) and total alkalis (Na2O + K2O) but lower MgO than the sulfide-bearing intrusions. All intrusions are variably enriched in LREE relative to HREE. The oxide-bearing intrusions display positive Nb- and Ti-anomalies and in certain cases negative Zr–Hf anomalies, whereas the sulfide-bearing intrusions have obvious negative Nb- and Ti-anomalies, a feature of crustal contamination. Individual intrusions have relatively small ranges of Nd(t) values. All the intrusions, however, have Nd(t) values ranging from − 3.9 to + 4.6, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7039 to 0.7105. The syenites have very low MgO (< 2 wt.%) but highly variable Fe2O3 (2.5 to 13 wt.%) with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.7039 to 0.7089. Magmas from both series could have derived by melting of a heterogeneous mantle plume: the high-Ti series from a Fe-rich, more fertile source and the low-Ti series from a Fe-poor, more refractory source. In addition, the low-Ti series underwent significant crustal contamination. The two magma series evolved along different paths that led to distinct mineralization styles. 相似文献
984.
The 1.78 Ga Xiong'er Volcanic Province (XVP) and coeval North China giant mafic Dyke Swarm (NCDS) are the most important magmatic events occurring after the amalgamation of the North China craton (NCC). The XVP consists of 3–7 km of extrusive volcanics and some feeder dykes/sills located along the southern margin of the NCC and extending over an area > 0.06 M km2. Compositions vary from basalt to rhyolite, but are predominantly intermediate in terms of silica content. There are also minor sedimentary intercalations and pyroclastic units. The sedimentary interlayers indicate an environment changing from continental-facies to oceanic-facies up-section. The XVP is characterized by fractional crystallization from an EM I type mantle source, and both continental arc (Andean-type) and rift environments have been proposed. The NCDS is widespread in the central NCC with an outcrop area > 0.1 M km2, and are exposed at variable depths up to 20 km (deepest in the north). Dyke compositions vary from basalt to andesite and dacite, but are dominantly mafic, and comprise two series of magmatism. Previous studies revealed that the NCDS recorded assimilation and fractional crystallization of an EM I type magma source, with a minor DM contribution in the younger magmas. Both syn-collisional and intra-continental anorogenic environments have been proposed. Spatial and petrogenic correlations suggest a cogenetic relationship between the NCDS and XVP, and considered together, they define a Large Igneous Province (LIP) of > 0.1 M km2 in area and > 0.1 M km3 in volume, which is also notable for its continuous compositional range from mafic to felsic (with no gap at intermediate compositions). The petrology is explained by a common magma source that undergoes a silica-poor and iron-enriched fractionation trend at depth followed by a silica-rich and iron-poor fractionation trend in shallow-level magma conduits (dykes) and surface lavas. A mantle plume is favored as the cause of this 1.78 Ga North China LIP. 相似文献
985.
The Limahe Ni–Cu sulfide deposit is hosted by a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion (800 × 200 × 300 m) that is temporally associated
with the voluminous Permian flood basalts in SW China. The objective of this study is to better understand the origin of the
deposit in the context of regional magmatism which is important for the ongoing mineral exploration in the region. The Limahe
intrusion is a multiphase intrusion with an ultramafic unit at the base and a mafic unit at the top. The two rock units have
intrusive contacts and exhibit similar mantle-normalized trace element patterns and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions but significantly
different cumulus mineralogy and major element compositions. The similarities suggest that they are related to a common parental
liquid, whereas the differences point to magma differentiation by olivine crystallization at depth. Sulfide mineralization
is restricted to the ultramafic unit. The abundances of sulfides in the ultramafic unit generally increase towards the basal
contacts with sedimentary footwall. The δ
34S values of sulfide minerals from the Limahe deposit are elevated, ranging from +2.4 to +5.4‰. These values suggest the involvement
of external S with elevated δ
34S values. The mantle-normalized platinum-group element (PGE) patterns of bulk sulfide ores are similar to those of picrites
associated with flood basalts in the region. The abundances of PGE in the sulfide ores, however, are significantly lower than
that of sulfide liquid expected to segregate from undepleted picrite magma. Cr-spinel and olivine are present in the Limahe
ultramafic rocks as well as in the picrites. Mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Limahe intrusion generally resemble
those of the picrites. However, negative Nb–Ta anomalies, common features of contamination with the lower or middle crust,
are present in the intrusion but absent in the picrites. Sr–Nd isotopes suggest that the Limahe intrusion experienced higher
degrees of contamination with the upper crust than did the picrites. The results of this study permit us to suggest that the
parental magma of the Limahe intrusion was derived from picritic magma by olivine fractionation and contamination in a staging
chamber at mid-crustal levels. Depletion of PGE in the sulfide ores in the Limahe intrusion is likely due to previous sulfide
segregation of the parental magmas in the staging chamber. Sulfide mineralization in the Limahe intrusion is related to second-stage
sulfide segregation after the fractionated magmas acquired external S from pyrite-bearing country rocks during magma ascent
to the Limahe chamber. The abrupt change in mineralogical and chemical compositions between the ultramafic unit and the overlying
unit suggests that at least two separate pulses of magma were involved in the development of the Limahe intrusion. We propose
that the Limahe intrusion was once a wider part of a dynamic conduit that fed magma to the overlying subvolcanic dykes/sills
or lavas. The ultramafic unit formed by the first, relatively more primitive magma, and the mafic unit formed by the second,
relatively more fractionated magma. Immiscible sulfide droplets that segregated from the first magma settled down with olivine
crystals to form the sulfide-bearing, olivine-rich rocks in the base of the intrusion. The overlying residual liquids were
then pushed out of the chamber by the second magma. Critical factors for the formation of an economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposit
in such a small intrusion include the dynamic petrologic processes involved and the availability of external sulfur. The Limahe
deposit reminds us that small, multiphase, mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the region should not be overlooked for the potential
of economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits. 相似文献
986.
We investigated the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and its environmental effects in subtropical regions of China. The investigation demonstrated that the weathering- pedogenesis of carbonate rocks is the process of a joint action of corrosion and illuviation and metasomatism in subtropical region. It is characterized by multi-stage, multi-path and multi-style. With the persisting development of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks, metasomatic pedogenesis progressively became the main process of the weathering-pedogenesis and the dominant style of formation of minerals. And it proceeds through the whole process of evolution of the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks. The stage evolution of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and the fractionation evolution of newly produced minerals are characterized by obvious vertically zoning structures and the rules of gradation of elements geochemical characteristics in the carbonate rocks weathering profiles. The geochemical process of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks can be divided into three geochemical evolution stages, i.e., the Ca, Mg-depletion and Si, Al-enrichment stage; the Fe, Mn enrichment stage and the Si-depletion and Al-enrichment stage in the subtropical regions. Consistent with the three geochemical evolution stages, the sequence of formation and evolution of minerals can be divided into the clay mineral stage; the Fe, Mn oxide and the gibbsite stage. The influence of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks on the chemical forms of heavy elements is mainly affected via newly produced components and minerals in the process of weathering-pedogenesis, e.g., iron oxide minerals and organic matters. The important mechanism for the mobilization, transport and pollution of F and As is affected the selective adsorption and desorption of F and As on the surface of iron oxide minerals in the subtropical karst zones, i.e., the selective adsorption and desorption on mineral surfaces of newly produced minerals in the process of weath 相似文献
987.
西天山阿吾拉勒埃达克质岩石成因:Nd和Sr同位素组成的限制 总被引:28,自引:11,他引:28
西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪钠质英安岩和钠长斑岩具有与埃达克岩一致的高Sr,低Y、Yb和Eu正异常等独特岩石地球化学特征。系统的Nd和Sr同位素组成研究表明,其(^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0.512384-0.512470,εNd(t)为正值(+1.57-+3.26);(^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0.0751-0.7054,与本区同时代幔源玄武岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成特征相似,但与俯冲洋壳部分熔融成因埃达克岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成有显著区别。结合这些埃达克质岩石形成二叠纪后碰撞阶段构造背景,认为本区埃达克质岩浆最有可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡或榴辉岩相的条件下部分熔融形成,是西天山晚古生代后碰撞阶段地幔玄武岩浆底侵作用和地壳垂向增生的重要岩石标志。 相似文献
988.
宁芜火山岩的地球化学特征及其意义 总被引:40,自引:30,他引:40
宁芜早白垩世火山岩由中基性成分组成,与碱性玄武岩比较,火山岩贫Ti,Fe,富K和LREE,Na2O/K2O近似等于1,在SiO2-K2O图中龙王山组的全部和大王山组的大部落入橄榄玄粗岩区域,属于橄榄玄粗岩系列,为富集LILE和水的地幔部分熔融的产物。宁芜火山岩产于板内环境,富钾质岩浆的形成可能与软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈的伸展-减薄或裂谷作用有关。宁芜火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Ti,Nb(Ta)具负异常。宁芜火山岩底部的龙王山组和主体大王山组具有不同的地球化学特征:与大王山组相比,前者更富Rb,Ba,K,而相对贫LREE(La,Ce,Nd),Eu,Sr,Isr较高,εNd(t)较低。由于龙王山组层位低,大王山组层位高,不可能解释为分离结晶作用的结果,而只能说明在火山岩喷发的早期阶段(龙王山组),岩浆穿过陆壳上升过程中与围岩发生过混染作用,从围岩中带入较多的K、Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素,从而使得Isr较高和εNd(t)较低。龙王山组SiO2-K2O不具相关性也说明陆壳混染的影响。至宁芜火山岩喷发的极盛时期(大王山组),岩浆与围岩的混染程度降低,Isr和Nd(t)值更接近岩浆的初始组成。据了解,在长江中下游地区有许多晚中生代的埃达克质岩出露,埃达克质岩来自加厚的陆壳底部,需要很高的温度才能使下地壳基性岩发生部分熔融。宁芜一带火山岩的大规模喷出,表明在早白垩世初期该区地幔处于十分活跃的状态,可能有大量橄榄玄粗质岩浆底侵到下地壳底部,烘烤下地壳使之熔融形成埃达克质熔浆。 相似文献
989.
华北克拉通北缘西段中元古代花岗岩类的特征及其形成构造环境 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
华北克拉通北缘西段中元古代花岗岩类仅见于查干础鲁-霍尔森构造带以南的雅布赖-巴音诺尔公构造带中,整体上受NEE向长寿命线性构造控制。据岩性可分为斜长花岗岩和石英闪长岩两类。斜长花岗岩为S型花岗岩,但具有向I型过渡的特征,富含Cr,Ni,SiO2,Al2O3,其均值分别为672μg/g,405μg/g,71.40%和14.93%。δEu值变化大,介于0.34和3.95之间,起源于幔源岩浆与壳源物质的混合。石英闪长岩为典型的I型花岗岩,其Cr,Ni含量的均值分别为220μg/g和162μg/g,类似于华南同熔型花岗岩。斜长花岗岩中的锆石U-Pb等时线上交年龄为1256Ma,代表了发生于华北克拉通北缘西段的一次构造-热事件。伴随这一构造-热事件,华北克拉通北缘西段发生拉伸裂解,进入拉张型过渡壳阶段。中元古代花岗岩类是这一构造热事件的重要产物。在这一构造-热事件中,推测查干础鲁-霍尔森一线地壳减薄最大,其北侧的宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带因无同时代岩浆作用,为非火山型被动陆缘,南侧的雅布赖-巴音诺尔公构造带广泛发育了花岗岩类,镁铁质、超镁铁质侵入岩,以及火山-沉积组合,为火山型被动陆缘,二者构成被动陆缘“对”。 相似文献
990.