锌精矿氧压酸浸液中铟的提取研究

对锌精矿氧压酸浸液中铟的提取进行了研究,在1.0m o l/L的H2SO4介质中,铟可被P204定量萃取,当萃取相比为O/A=1/4,进行三级萃取,平衡时间为3m in时,In萃取率达97%以上;对负载有机相用3m o l/L的HC l进行三级反萃,O/A=5/1,平衡时间为3m in,In反萃率为99.62%。     

在我国发现的Schwertmannite矿物及其特征

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜与能谱(SEM-EDX)、X射线荧光(XRF)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热分析(DTA-TG)等分析方法,在我国山西马兰煤矿的酸性矿坑排水(AMD)沉淀物中首次发现了“斯沃特曼铁矿”(Schwertmannite)。研究表明,山西马兰煤矿酸性矿坑排水沉淀物中的Schwertmannite矿物的粒径为0.3~70μm,且分布比较均匀,其BET表面积为44.065 0 m2/g;SEM二次电子像显示为球形或椭圆形(聚集体)结构,颗粒大小比较均匀,球的表面有针状毛刺;该矿物的化学式为Fe8O8(OH)4.52(SO4)1.74.4.73H2O。     

2002年北京风沙季节颗粒物测值分析

为了了解风沙季节的颗粒物浓度特征,特别是在风沙天气来临前后颗粒物浓度的变化,2002年春季分别在北京的延庆和观象台进行了连续的颗粒物观测,并对观测资料进行了较为详细的统计分析。结果表明:在风沙季节,沙尘天气出现前后的颗粒物浓度变化幅度非常显著,对环境质量的影响明显增大;TSP与PM10,PM10与PM2.5的相关性非常显著,线性关系好。沙尘天气对不同粒径颗粒物浓度贡献的增加在33%~86%之间。     

临安和上甸子大气本底站大气中NMHCs组成与浓度的变化特征

为研究中国大气中非甲烷烃(NMHCs)区域性本底浓度与变化特征,采用吸附富集—热脱附—气相色谱法,测定了临安(30°25′N,119°44′E,海拔132.0 m)和上甸子(40°19′N,117°07′E,海拔286.5 m)大气本底站大气中NMHCs的组成与浓度。从2003年10月至2004年7月,先后按季度分4次观测与取样,共获145个有效样品。检测出C2-C10的NMHCs组分52个,其中包括26个烷烃、17个烯烃和9个芳香烃化合物。在临安和上甸子大气中非甲烷烃总烃(TNMHCs)的平均质量浓度分别为(238.5±126.0)×10-9C,(278.7±185.5)×10-9C。两站烷、烯、芳香烃在TNMHCs中所占的比例相近,分别约为21%—33%,7%—19%,54%—70%。受源、汇和气象条件的共同影响,NMHCs浓度存在明显地日变化和季节性变化,但变化趋势两地略有不同。TNMHCs平均浓度的峰值都出现在10月,谷值分别出现在1,7月。气象要素以风向和风速的影响最为明显。TNMHCs高浓度大多与上风向存在较强污染源有关。另外发现,临安TNMHCs浓度比10 a前有明显增加。     

Characterization of Kolar gold field mine tailings for cyanide and acid drainage

The gold mining process at Kolar gold field (KGF) mines has generated about 32 million tons of tailings. Gold was extracted from the mined ores using cyanidation technique that involved dissolution of gold in the ore by water soluble alkali metal cyanides (example, sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide). Of the several dumps that received the mine tailings only the Kennedy’s Line dump was active prior to closure of the KGF mines in the year 2000. The Kennedy’s Line dump received sulfide bearing tailings in slurry form that comprised of spent ore and process water bearing soluble alkali metal cyanide. Depending on the pH of the tailing slurry, the free cyanides may exist as aqueous hydrogen cyanide that can escape to the atmosphere as hydrogen cyanide gas or occur as soluble cyanide (CN⁻) ions that can be leached by infiltrating water to the sub-surface environment. Additionally, the presence of pyrite minerals in the Kennedy’s Line dump makes them susceptible to acid drainage. This study examines the potential of gold tailings of Kennedy’s Line dump to release cyanide ions (CN⁻) and acid drainage to the sub-surface environment by performing physico-chemical and leaching tests with tailing samples collected from various depths of the dump, sub-surface soil samples beneath the dump and groundwater samples from vicinity of Kennedy’s Line dump. The chemical mechanisms responsible for the ambient cyanide and pH levels of the tailing dump, sub-surface soil samples and groundwater are also inferred from the laboratory results.     

Determination of Chlorine in Nine Rock Reference Materials by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

A procedure for the determination of chlorine by the isotope dilution technique (ID) using negative thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N-TIMS) is described. Silicate samples of about 10 mg were spiked and decomposed with hydrofluoric acid, and chlorine was isolated by precipitation of silver chloride after neutralisation with Ca(OH)₂. The ammonical solution of AgCl was then subjected to N-TIMS. Replicate analyses of rock reference materials, typically of JB-1 and JR-1, demonstrated the high quality of the analyses (precision for Cl was ± 1-2%). We present here the most precise data sets of chlorine concentrations in nine igneous rock reference materials, three basalts (JB-1, JB-2, JB-3), two andesites (JA-3, AGV-1), two rhyolites (JR-1, JR-2) and two granodiorites (JG-3, GSP-1). The chlorine concentrations found ranged from 152 μg g-1 in AGV-1 to 1008 μg g^-1 in JR-1. Our results presented here are partly (but not completely) in agreement with recommended values, where they are available. The N-TIMS ID technique can thus be used as a means of determining low chlorine contents in silicate materials to high precision.     

Determination of the Trace Refractory Elements V, Nb and Ta in Environmental Samples by ICP-MS After Separation and Preconcentration with Nanometre-Sized Alumina Microcolumns Following Chemical Modification by Gallic Acid

Nanometre-sized alumina was chemically modified with gallic acid (GA) and used as a solid phase adsorption material for the determination of trace amounts of V, Nb and Ta in natural water, soil and stream sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The effects of pH, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution and interfering ions on the recovery of the analytes were investigated. The results showed that V, Nb and Ta could be adsorbed at pH 4.0 and recovered with 1 ml of 2.0 mol l^-1 HCl. Under optimised conditions, the adsorption capacity of GA-modified nanometre-sized Al₂O₃ was found to be 7.0, 8.9, 13.3 mg g^-1 for V, Nb and Ta, respectively. The limits of detection were as low as 0.25, 0.24 and 0.66 ng l^-1 for V, Nb and Ta, respectively with a concentration factor of fifty. The recovery of V, Nb and Ta for spiked water samples was between 85.7 and 116%. The developed method has also been applied to the determination of trace V, Nb and Ta in soil and stream sediment certified materials, and the determined values were in a good agreement with the certified values.     

Seasonal variations of adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentrations of P at water-sediment interface in the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China

Seasonal variations of adsorption/desorption equilibrium were investigated by collecting overlying water and seasonal sediment from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. At the same time, seasonal variations of TP and P fractions＇ concentrations in the initial and end of adsorption experiment were also carried out. In addition, the effects of temperature on the P translocation process were also conducted and discussed. The following conclusions were obtained： The sequence of adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentrations of P at water-sediment interface was spring〈winter〈autumn. In sediment the concentrations of TP decline. Concentration P decreased with temperature.     

北京地区近断层强地震动模拟

文中利用1679年三河-平谷8级地震的有关资料和北京地区地下三维结构的研究成果,建立了相应的震源模型和传播介质模型。利用Graves的三维有限差分程序,计算了北京地区震后的地面峰值速度。通过对计算结果的分析处理,获得了近断层强地震动的近断层效应、方向性效应、上盘效应和盆地效应等基本特征。同时,这些特征也反映了我们所设定的震源和传播介质参数的合理性,以及模拟方法的正确性。另外,分析处理中所获得的这些结果可为北京地区的城市规划和抗震设防提供客观的参考依据     

山东兖州东滩矿3#煤层自燃临界氧浓度指标研究

文章采用煤自燃的模拟试验装置,对兖州东滩矿3#煤层煤样在不同的氧浓度条件下(分别为21%、13%、10%、7%和5%)进行了煤样自燃过程的实验研究,分别得到了两煤样的一氧化碳浓度与煤温关系曲线、自燃氧化中氧浓度的变化曲线、不同氧浓度下的热力学特性曲线、煤样CO增率与煤温关系曲线和煤样耗氧速度与煤温关系曲线。经过分析研究得出,不同温度下反应生成的标志气体成分不同,以一氧化碳、乙烯和乙炔作为标志气体比较合适,能准确反映出煤的不同自燃阶段。对数据分析对比研究,得出东滩煤矿3#煤层的自燃临界氧浓度指标为10%。