萨北油田北二西区点坝内部侧积层定量表征

萨北油田北二西区萨Ⅱ1＋2b小层层内非均质性强,剩余油分散。本文依据研究区的地质特征和沉积环境,认为该区点坝内部侧积层的坝面分布为水平斜列式,分布形态呈＂缓-陡＂模式。基于研究区的密井网资料,在点坝内部侧积层分布模式的指导下,利用经验公式、岩心以及密井网剖面的方法对点坝内部侧积层进行了定量表征。得出研究区位于点坝顶部的侧积层倾角多在5°以内,而位于点坝中部的侧积层角度在4～10°之间,侧积层间距为40m,单一侧积体水平宽度约70m。以这些参数为基础,结合研究区侧积层的＂缓-陡＂模式,建立了能够用于油藏数值模拟的三维构型模型,分析了侧积层控制的剩余油分布模式,为厚油层剩余油挖潜提供了更准确的地质依据。     

Evolution of the Grenada and Tobago basins and implications for arc migration

The tectonic mechanisms controlling how volcanic arcs migrate through space and geologic time within dynamic subduction environments is a fundamental tectonic process that remains poorly understood. This paper presents an integrated stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of Late Cretaceous to Recent volcanic arcs and associated basins in the southeastern Caribbean Sea using seismic reflection data, wide-angle seismic refraction data, well data, and onland geologic data. We propose a new tectonic model for the opening of the Grenada and Tobago basins and the 50-250-km eastward jump of arc volcanism from the Late Cretaceous Aves Ridge to the Miocene to Recent Lesser Antilles arc in the southeast Caribbean based on the mapping of three seismic megasequences. The striking similarity of the half-graben structure of the Grenada and Tobago basins that flank the Lesser Antilles arc, their similar smooth basement character, their similar deep-marine seismic facies, and their similar Paleogene sediment thickness mapped on a regional grid of seismic data suggest that the two basins formed as a single, saucer-shaped, oceanic crust Paleogene forearc basin adjacent to the now dormant Aves Ridge. This single forearc basin continued to extend and widen through flexural subsidence during the early to middle Eocene probably because of slow rollback of the subducting Atlantic oceanic slab. Rollback may have been accelerated by oblique collision of the southern Aves Ridge and southern Lesser Antilles arc with the South American continent. Uplift and growth of the southern Lesser Antilles arc divided the Grenada and Tobago basins by early to middle Miocene time. Inversion of normal faults and uplift effects along both edges of the Lesser Antilles arc are most pronounced in its southern zone of arc collision with the South American continent. The late Miocene to Recent depositional histories of the Grenada and Tobago basins are distinct because of isolation of the Grenada basin by growth and uplift of the Neogene Lesser Antilles volcanic ridge.     

江南古陆东南缘晚元古代大陆增生史

根据赣东北蛇绿岩和皖南伏川蛇绿岩最新的Sm-Nd等时线年龄1034Ma和935Ma与晚元古代初期火山岩下面及震旦系下面的2个不整合面;根据侵入皖南上溪群的休宁岩体的Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄963Ma和赣东北-浙西北晚元古代钙碱性火山岩带的存在,等等,作者认为:江南古陆东南缘为一古岛弧,约1000Ma前华南洋壳沿德兴-杭州一带俯冲,是岛弧向江南古陆增生的开始,而800Ma前华夏古陆沿江山-绍兴一带与江南古陆拼合,则标志着增生的完成。     

Two-stage model of incorporation of seamount and oceanic blocks into sedimentary melange: Geochemical and biostratigraphic constraints in Jurassic Chichibu accretionary complex, Shikoku, Japan

Abstract The significance of timing and formation of mélange in accretionary prisms, particularly concerning basaltic and related rocks and pelagic sediments, is exemplified in the Sawadani area of the Jurassic Chichibu accretionary complex in Shikoku, southwest Japan. Major and trace element geochemistry of the basaltic and related rocks indicates that all are of a hot-spot origin which produced a seamount. Most of the rocks have a trend of differentiation from an alkalic parental magma. The time relationship between the blocks and matrices of the mélange deduced from radiolarian fossil evidence and macro- to microscopic characteristics of contacts between different lithologies indicates two stages of mixing of materials in the seafloor. The first mixing occurred on the flank of the seamount in the pelagic environments in the Late Permian, and the second occurred on the trench floor or in the accretionary prism after the Early Jurassic. These two stages show respectively the geological phenomena of a seamount within the Izanagi-Kula plate and its incorporation into the Asian continental margin.     

北祁连走廊南山加里东俯冲杂岩增生地体及其动力学

北祁连走廊南山加里东火山岛弧带前缘为弧前俯冲杂岩增生地体。它由多重的增生火山岛弧、复理石增生楔、高压变质滑脱带及蛇绿岩残片组成，为早古生代古祁连洋壳自ＳＷ往ＮＥ俯冲于阿拉善地块之下的结果。俯冲过程的高压变质阶段经历了中温高压的初期、降温增压的主期而进入降压增温的驰后期。提出了４５０－５００Ｍａ期间，中祁连地块向北俯冲、阿拉善地块向南增生的海沟后退的俯冲动力学模式。     

依兰地区原黑龙江群碱性玄武质火山碎屑岩的发现及地球动力学意义探讨

在依兰地区原黑龙江群中发现了一套火山碎屑岩,它由岩屑和细粒的火山碎屑物组成,岩屑呈透镜状、焰舌状等,细粒火山碎屑物发生了强烈变形.二者矿物组成相似,均由钠质闪石、钠长石、绿帘石以及少量绿泥石组成,但各矿物含量及特征差别较大.火山碎屑岩岩屑的地球化学特征表明,岩屑为碱性玄武岩,LREE/HREE=3.87～4.24,(La/Yb)<,N=7.20～8.12,Eu*/Eu=1.03～1.09,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型.岩屑微量元素与MORB相比,富集Sr、K、Rb、Ba等不相容元素,Yb含量略低于MORB,初步确定岩屑为形成于大洋板内洋岛环境的碱性玄武岩.在岩浆喷出尚未完全凝固之前,大洋板块内的热点再次活动,早期形成的碱性玄武岩破碎,形成塑性-半塑性岩屑,并被火山碎屑物胶结,它们为大洋板内"轴外火山作用"形成的洋岛型火山碎屑岩.这一发现为恢复该地区的古构造环境、确定原黑龙江群的构造属性提供了新的线索.     

Flow kinematics in the deeper part of a subduction channel, as inferred from inclusion trails in plagioclase porphyroblasts from the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, south-west Japan

The subduction and exhumation of accretionary prism metasedimentary rocks are accompanied by large‐strain ductile deformations which may be recorded in microstructures. Porphyroblast microstructures have been a key to unravel the kinematics in such deformed belts. Shape‐preferred orientation (SPO) of epidote and amphibole inclusions that define S‐shaped trails in prograde cores of plagioclase porphyroblasts were analysed from the high‐P/T Sambagawa metamorphic rocks. Inclusions are found to be elongate parallel to the [010] and [001] directions, respectively, and their long‐axis orientations define an internal foliation S_i (best‐fit great circle) and lineation L_i (maximum on the S_i). S‐shaped inclusion trails in the orthogonal sections do not exhibit the same geometries, but rather are grouped into two types, where the foliation intersection axes (FIAs) are nearly perpendicular and parallel to L_i, respectively. These two types of S‐shaped inclusion trails are seen in the sections inclined at low and high angles to the L_i, respectively. However, the latter type commonly consists of composite trails, where the S_i is first rotated about an FIA perpendicular to the L_i (i.e. unique axis), and then about an FIA parallel to the L_i. The S‐shaped inclusion trails are interpreted to have formed by the successive overgrowth of matrix minerals and rotation of the plagioclase porphyroblast cores about a unique axis in non‐coaxial deformation. The rotation of S_i about an FIA nearly parallel to the L_i is perhaps an apparent rotation, caused by the deflection of foliation around the growing prismatic plagioclase grain prior to inclusion into the porphyroblast. This study has for the first time documented the 3‐D geometry of S‐shaped inclusion trails in porphyroblasts from accretionary prism metasedimentary rocks and identified their origin, which helps to understand the flow kinematics in the deeper part of a subduction channel.     

Metamorphic imprint of accretion and ridge subduction in the Pan‐African Damara Belt,Namibia

Ridge subduction is an inescapable plate tectonic process, but has only been documented in modern circum‐Pacific environments and not yet been recognized from suture zones associated with supercontinent assembly, likely because its imprint is obliterated by later collision. The formation of the Pan‐African Damara Belt of central Namibia involved northward subduction of the Khomas Sea underneath the Congo Craton, prior to final suturing of the Congo and Kalahari Cratons. The accretionary history of the Belt is preserved in the Southern and Southern Marginal Zones, which consist of turbiditic metasedimentary and intercalcated mafic rocks with MORB affinity. Two localities in the Kuiseb and Gaub canyons reveal that aluminous metapelites contain a fabric‐defining assemblage of fine‐grained muscovite, chlorite, biotite, quartz and graphite that is overprinted by randomly oriented porphyroblasts and poikiloblasts of garnet, staurolite, kyanite and biotite. Associated metamafic rocks consist of hornblende, chlorite, epidote, rutile and quartz, with actinolite cores preserved in amphibole porphyroblasts. Metamorphic conditions for the fabric‐defining assemblage are estimated at ～10 kbar and 540–560 C, whereas peak metamorphism likely occurred at 10–10.5 kbar and 600 C. Consequently, these rocks preserve a two‐stage prograde metamorphic history, where initial tectonic burial was followed by relatively rapid, near‐isobaric heating without attendant deformation to peak metamorphic conditions. We propose that initial burial occurred through subduction and underplating to the accretionary prism, before ridge subduction and opening of a slab window heated the rocks to peak metamorphic conditions. The exceptional preservation of the tectono‐thermal imprint of the accretionary orogenic stage is due to the relatively soft, largely aborted collision that characterized the Damara orogeny, which can be attributed to the confined extent of the Khomas Sea.     

川南大村区块五峰—龙马溪组页岩气成藏条件及勘探前景

近年来,深海大洋钻探已证实在洋陆俯冲带的浅部,板块边界断裂高度集中在特征性岩层中,然而对于这种断裂高度集中化现象是否发生在俯冲带深部仍然缺乏充分的认识,因此对日本中部侏罗纪燧石-碎屑岩杂岩体中一个露头宽度约50 m的断裂带进行了调查。该断裂带沿古俯冲带深部的板块边界延伸而出的逆冲断层发育,断裂带中的剪切变形集中在数层黑色有机质黏土岩中,表现为沿交织鳞片状叶理的分散剪切,剪切方向分为左行走滑和逆冲走滑,可能形成于俯冲带中的滑动分异或左行斜俯冲过程。体现滑动集中化的拆离面切割了黑色有机质黏土岩层,拆离面表现为左行滑动。利用碳物质拉曼光谱测量了拆离面上及黑色有机质黏土岩层中的碳物质。结果表明,相对于黑色有机质黏土岩,拆离面中的碳物质具有更高的成熟度,表明在左行滑动过程中产生了快速的摩擦升温。野外观测和实验结果表明,这一古断裂带记录的俯冲带深部板块边界断裂高度集中在黑色有机质黏土岩层中,发育于其中的拆离面的左行剪切可能产生于深部地震性滑动。     

帕米尔构造结结构特征与构造演化

位于印度—欧亚大陆碰撞造山带西段的帕米尔构造结,自震旦纪以来经历了长期的地体裂离、寒武纪至古新世俯冲增生、始新世的最终造山及始新世至全新世大型走滑—伸展、逆冲推覆及构造隆升,记录了最完整的特提斯演化及新特提斯洋关闭后陆内隆升过程。然而,对帕米尔不同地体的构造属性、原特提斯洋俯冲极性、古特提斯阶段是否存在双向俯冲、新特提斯洋俯冲导致的盆山耦合效应以及新生代大规模碱性岩浆活动的地球动力学背景等关键科学问题,仍存在很大争议。本文全面总结了前人对帕米尔构造结的研究成果,结合野外地质调查,对帕米尔构造结显生宙以来的构造演化过程做了概括性总结。研究表明,北帕米尔既不是塔里木前寒武纪基底的一部分,也不是三叠纪增生杂岩,它的主体是寒武纪原特提斯洋南向俯冲形成的巨厚增生杂岩（530~500Ma）。与昆仑—阿尔金不同的是,帕米尔地区的原特提斯洋在早古生代晚期并没有关闭,这一残留洋盆在古特提斯阶段再次扩张,形成了石炭纪—早中生代有限洋盆。随着古特提斯洋的双向俯冲,中、南帕米尔相继与北帕米尔地体发生汇聚,最终拼合的时间在180Ma左右。古特提斯洋俯冲、关闭伴随着新特提斯洋的打开和扩张,从晚侏罗世开始新特提斯洋沿Shyok缝合带北缘北向低角度或近水平俯冲（开始时间约为160~130Ma）,形成了南帕米尔—喀喇昆仑宽阔的岛弧岩浆岩带,并在中帕米尔及北帕米尔地区,发育与弧后伸展有关的地堑或半地堑沉积及具有板内特征的基性岩浆活动。新特提斯洋最终在始新世关闭（60~50 Ma左右）,导致南帕米尔与洋内俯冲形成的科西斯坦—拉达克洋内弧及印度板块的最终拼合,形成了帕米尔雏形。40Ma左右,由于俯冲板片的拆离,形成这一时期造山后碱性岩浆活动。此后,由于印度板块和欧亚板块的大陆岩石圈不断汇聚,帕米尔构造结的岩石圈厚度急剧增加,沿中帕米尔一带,可能是印度板块与欧亚板块岩石圈地幔的分界,近水平的相向俯冲导致了加厚岩石圈的拆沉,形成沿中帕米尔分布的巨量新生代碱性岩带（25~9 Ma）。