西菲律宾海盆XT06孔第四纪磁性地层与深海沉积动力过程

菲律宾海是西太平洋典型的风尘汇集区,也是南极底层水影响的远端地区.由于水深较大等原因,这一热点地区沉积物的古环境研究尚未全面展开.本文对菲律宾海中部XT06孔沉积物开展了磁性地层和粒度测试工作,分析了XT06孔沉积记录的年代学特征和沉积过程,初步探讨了区域沉积演化的控制因素与古环境意义.结果表明:(1)通过系统交变退磁...     

东秦岭的地球物理、构造分带特征及演化

东秦岭构造演化及地质成矿比较复杂,在认识上还存在分歧.笔者从板块构造学、地球物理学、事件地层学等多学科观点出发,提出了一些新的看法.东秦岭发育的区域性深大断裂主要有9条,它们均具有多期次、长期性活动的特征;垂直板缘构造带走向,从北向南可划分出低变质变形带、强变质变形混杂带、刘岭复理石推褶构造带、大别地块、断褶推滑构造带等五个地质构造带;东秦岭的地质构造发展演化经历了7个阶段,即华北、杨子板块形成、漂移阶段;华南板块形成阶段;板缘增生带形成阶段;板块对接阶段;剪切走滑阶段;板块挤压推覆阶段以及断块掀斜阶段.     

Discontinuous Melt Extraction and Weak Refertilization of Mantle Peridotites at the Vema Lithospheric Section (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Melting processes beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studiedin residual mantle peridotites sampled from a lithospheric sectionexposed near the Vema Fracture Zone at 11°N along the Mid-AtlanticRidge. Fractional and dynamic melting models were tested basedon clinopyroxene rare earth element and high field strengthelement data. Pure fractional melting (non-modal) cannot accountfor the observed trends, whereas dynamic melting with criticalmass porosity <0·01 fits better the measured values.Observed microtextures suggest weak refertilization with 0·1–1%quasi-instantaneous or partially aggregated melts trapped duringpercolation. The composition of the melts is evaluated, togetherwith their provenance, with respect to the garnet–spineltransition. Partial melts appear to be aggregated over shortbut variable intervals of the melting column. Deep melts (generatedwithin the garnet stability field at the base of the meltingcolumn) escape detection, being separated from the residuesby transport inside conduits or fractures. The temporal evolutionof the melting process along the exposed section shows a steadyincrease of mantle temperature from 20 Ma to present. KEY WORDS: mantle partial melting; abyssal peridotite; trace element; refertilization; Vema Fracture Zone     

A study on the baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation

In this paper, the linear continuously stratified ntxiel of the abyssal circulation proposed by Pedlosky (1992) was emended to include the second order term - (γθm) in the vertical turbulent mixing pararneterization of - (ω‘θ‘）x = kvθxx- θxxx, in which kv is a vertical diffusion coefficient,and γ is the second order coefficient of turbulent mixing (or simply called γ-term and γ＜0 is only allcmed). The influence of the γ-tema on the baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation driven by up-welling out of the abyss was investigated, It was found that the γ-term has a noticeable influence on thebaroclinic structure of the upwelling driven abyssal circulation. For uniform upwelling, it favors the baroelinic layering of the abyssal circulation in the eastern part of the basin, but prevents the layering in thewest. In addition, this parameter was found to decrease the vertically averaging meridional velocity of theabyssal circulation frcrn the west to the east on the southern boundary. For upwelling localized near theeastern boundary, the γ - term favors baroclinic layering of the abyssal circulation in the whole basin.Especially, on the southern boundary the γ - term could strengthen the vertically averaging meridional ve-loeity in the west, but gready weaken it in the east. The ntntel presented here might be considered as anextension of the Pedlosky baroclinic ntntel of the abyssal circulation.     

攀西裂谷的多期活动性及其深部地质意义

攀西裂谷具有明显的长期、继承和多期活动性特点,为一“上叠裂谷”,其基底在晋宁期就已存在裂谷系。是海西—印支期时,随着攀西由板内—低纬度被动陆缘—中纬度活动陆缘—板内的变化,裂谷活动和地幔涌流特点也有所不同。攀西裂谷的演化提供了一个深断裂诱发地幔涌流,并随板块飘移而移动的典型例证。这种壳、幔关系可能正是地槽多旋回活动的主因。自第三纪以来,攀西浅、深部地壳应力场明显不一致,这种现象有可能是不同构造学说结合的纽带。     

High resolution statistical estimation of seafloor morphology: Oblique and orthogonal fabric on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 34°–35.5° S

On the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from 34°–35.5° S, three ridge segments span the 108 km distance between the Meteor Fracture Zone (FZ) and the Montevideo FZ. Each of these segments is perpendicular to the adjoining transforms. Magnetic isochrons in the southern half of the region are oblique to the spreading direction and are offset from the morphological expression of the plate boundary, revealing a transition from oblique to orthogonal spreading within the last 750,000 years. Changes in orientation and cross-sectional form of the rift valley, as modified by tectonic processes, are preserved in the off-axis abyssal-hill fabric. We present a new statistical method for describing size and orientation of abyssal hills based on local slopes. For a given offset, the range of sorted slopes from the first to third quartile provides a robust estimate of topographic variability. The variability can be parametrized by azimuthal direction, plan-view aspect ratio, characteristic height and width. We resolve lineation azimuth within 6°, and characteristic height, width and aspect ratio within 20–30%, using 18 by 21 km sample boxes crossed by multiple Sea Beam swaths covering approximately 30% of the box. In the northern portion of the survey, the azimuth is mainly ridge parallel, while in the southern portion, the azimuth rotates 23° clockwise from ridge strike. Characteristic height and width are greater in the southern half than in the northern half, while aspect ratios are lower. The asymmetry of quartiles about the median slope provides evidence that inward-facing normal faults bounding the rift valley are a significant source of topography. Fabric disrupted by migration of small-offset discontinuities has higher than average characteristic height. Characteristic height and width correlate positively with residual gravity, an indicator of crustal thinning. A residual gravity low, possibly the current focus of upwelling, coincides with a newly formed spreading axis. These correlations suggest that evolution of ridge geometry can be controlled by crust and mantle thermal structure. Either variation in magma supply, resulting in changes in stress normal to the ridge axis, or a major realignment of the Montevideo Transform, temporarily resulting in increased shear stress across newly activated faults, may have been responsible for changes in orientation and morphology of the spreading center.     

雅浦海沟北部深渊和超深渊沉积物的物质组成、来源和形成过程研究

为探究雅浦海沟北部深渊、超深渊沉积物的组成、来源和形成特征,以1 cm分层对采自该海域不同深度的五根柱状沉积物样品的0~8 cm沉积层进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和X射线能谱(EDS)分析,并且分析了这些样品的含水率,锰结核含量, Al、Ca、Fe、Mn、Ti、Mg等6种常量金属和Ba、Co、Cr、Ni、Pb、Sr、V、Cu、Zn等9种微量金属元素含量,以及总有机碳(TOC)含量等参数。结果表明,研究区域沉积物主要为深海软泥沉积,是不同年代沉积物的复杂混合,包含以盘星石为代表的颗石藻、海绵骨针、放射虫和硅藻等多种微体古生物化石以及辉石、重晶石、钛铁矿、长石等多种矿物。沉积组分主要来自生物源、火山源、陆源和海底热液,其中陆源沉积出现于海沟东侧深渊区。海沟西侧崖壁的沉积物比东侧崖壁的沉积物更容易发育锰结核。研究区域沉积物含水率较高并且颗粒较大,其含水率随深度增加呈减少趋势。研究区域超深渊站位沉积物的TOC和微体古生物化石含量均高于深渊站位,存在明显的漏斗效应。整体上海沟西侧崖壁沉积物含水率和TOC含量低于东侧崖壁的沉积物。自更新世以来,雅浦海沟北部的碳酸钙补偿深度(CCD)线从4 568 m以深变为4 435 m至4 568 m之间。研究区域的沉积环境为氧化环境,其0~8 cm沉积层的古老沉积物与现代沉积物发生了混合和再沉积作用,形成年代跨度极大。研究区域沉积物的形成受到海沟坡度、水动力环境、重力滑塌、浊流沉积、火山活动、漏斗效应等多种因素的显著影响。     

黑潮源区及邻近海域海水密度跃层分析

根据该海域多年资料的分析结果,对该海域密度跃层作了比较详细的阐述,主要包括各类型跃层在不同季节的分布特征及其变化规律,并对密度跃层的成因作了一定的分析和探讨。     

南海中沙群岛以北至陆坡表层沉积物碳酸钙含量的分布

对南海北部(16°―20°N、114°―116°E)区域、285～4 175 m水深范围内78个表层样进行了碳酸钙含量分析。表层样碳酸钙含量变化范围是1.3%～87.8%,平均约25.6%;碳酸钙含量具有随水深增大而减小的趋势,在北部陆坡和中沙北海岭,碳酸钙含量突然变小的界面分别位于水深约3 000 m、3 250 m处。中沙北海岭碳酸钙含量40%等值线水深变化介于2 500～3 900 m之间,北部陆坡碳酸钙含量20%等值线水深范围约为2 180～3 515 m;碳酸钙含量10%等值线水深变化相对较小,在16°～17.5°N和17.5°～20°N范围内平均水深分别约4 009 m、3 551 m。研究区碳酸钙溶跃面可能位于水深约3 000 m处。18°N以北区域比18°N以南区域的陆源物质稀释作用强,且二者间陆源物质稀释作用强度的差异随水深从2 000 m增至3 000 m而逐渐减小,在水深超过3 000 m后基本保持不变。